一种环芳烷类面手性化合物的拆分方法转让专利
申请号 : CN201910895177.5
文献号 : CN112538033B
文献日 : 2022-02-11
发明人 : 周永贵 , 赵洋 , 孙蕾
申请人 : 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所
摘要 :
权利要求 :
1.一种环芳烷类面手性化合物的拆分方法,其特征在于,所述拆分方法的催化剂是钯的手性膦氮配合物,具体反应式如下:式中:
R为苯基、萘基或含有取代基的苯环,所述的取代基为卤素,烷氧基或C1‑C20的烷基中的至少一种;
Ar为含有取代基的亚苯基或C6H3,所述的取代基为C1‑C20的烷基中的至少一种;
Ts为对甲苯磺酰基;
所述催化剂的制备方法为:在氮气气氛保护下,将钯的金属前体、手性膦氮配体和丙酮混合,室温搅拌1h,除去丙酮,得到所述催化剂;
所述钯的金属前体为三氟醋酸钯;
所述手性膦氮配体为下述中的一种:
2.根据权利要求1所述的拆分方法,其特征在于,所述拆分方法的具体反应步骤为:(1)在氮气保护下将催化剂、环芳烷亚胺、硼酸类化合物和有机溶剂混合,于40‑80℃搅拌反应15h后,旋干溶剂,柱层析分离得到面手性环芳烷亚胺和产物前体;
(2)将产物前体用N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶解,0℃下加入氢化钠,随后加入烯丙基溴,于室温搅拌2h后柱层析分离得到烯丙基保护的手性胺;
所述催化剂、环芳烷亚胺、硼酸类化合物和有机溶剂的用量比为0.05mmol:1mmol:1~
1.5mmol:20ml;所述产物前体、氢化钠、烯丙基溴和N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺的用量比为1mmol:
3mmol:6mmol:10ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的拆分方法,其特征在于,所述钯的金属前体和手性膦氮配体的比例为1:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的拆分方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为三氟乙醇、六氟异丙醇中的一种或两种混合。
5.根据权利要求2所述的拆分方法,其特征在于,所述方法的反应温度为60℃,反应时间为15h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的拆分方法,其特征在于:R为苯基,Ar为C6H3,所述的催化剂为钯的手性二茂铁骨架膦噁唑啉配体的配合物,有机溶剂为三氟乙醇,温度为60℃,反应时间
15h,拆分后得到的面手性环芳烷亚胺对映体过量94.0%,烯丙基保护的手性胺对映体过量
97.8%,拆分系数s值为115。
说明书 :
一种环芳烷类面手性化合物的拆分方法
技术领域
技术背景
Chujo,Y.Chem.Eur.J.2014,20,8386.(b)Gibson,S.E.;Knight,J.D.Org.Biomol.Chem.
2003,1,1256.(c)Fringuelli,F.;Piermatti,O.;Pizzo,F.;Ruzziconi,
R.Chem.Lett.2000, 38.)。目前,获得面手性[2.2]环芳烷化合物的方法主要有传统的化学
拆分,手性色谱分离等方法。(参考文献二:(a)Braddock,D.C.;MacGilp,I.D.;Perry,
B.G.J.Org.Chem. 2002,67,8679.(b)Wang,Y.;Yuan,H.;Lu,H.;Zheng,W.‑
H.Org.Lett.2018,20,2555.)。近年来,通过催化动力学拆分制备面手性环芳烷引起了人们
的注意,相比其他方法,它的优势在于可以显著降低手性试剂的用量。但目前发展的方法底
物范围受限。(参考文献三:(a)Dorizon,P.;Martin,C.;Daran,J.‑C.;Fiauda,J.‑C.;
Kagana,H.B.Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2001,12,2625.(b)Akagawa,K.;Nishi,N.;
Yoshikawa,I.;Kudo,K.Eur.J.Org. Chem.2015,5055.)。
X.;Zhou.Y.‑G.Chem.Commun.2016,52,10882.(b)Quan,M.;Wu,L.;Yang,G.; Zhang,
W.Chem.Commun.2018,54,10394.(c)Zhao,Z.‑B.;Shi,L.;Meng,F.‑J.;Li,Y.; Zhou,Y.‑
G.Org.Chem.Front.2019,6,1572.),我们设想能否通过钯催化环芳烷亚胺的不对称加成反
应实现该面手性化合物的动力学拆分,并且一次性获得含有中心手性和面手性的环芳烷衍
生物。
发明内容
消旋面手性化合物拆分,拆分得到面手性环芳烷亚胺1和手性胺3;手性胺3与烯丙基溴反应
得到烯丙基保护的手性胺2。所述方法的反应式如下:
缩,氮气下加入有机溶剂,环芳烷亚胺和芳基硼酸,60℃反应15h。除去溶剂后直接柱层析分
离得到纯的面手性环芳烷亚胺和产物前体。在反应瓶中将产物前体用N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶
解,0℃下加入氢化钠,随后加入烯丙基溴,于室温搅拌2h 后柱层析分离得到产物。;所述催
化剂(mmol)、环芳烷亚胺(mmol)、硼酸类化合物(mmol) 和有机溶剂(ml)的用量比为0.05:
1:1~1.5:20;所述产物前体(mmol)、氢化钠(mmol)、烯丙基溴(mmol)和N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺
(ml)的用量比为1:3:6:10。
骨架膦噁唑啉配体L2的配合物,有机溶剂为三氟乙醇,温度为60℃,反应时间为15h,拆分后
得到的面手性环芳烷亚胺1a对映体过量94.0%,烯丙基保护的手性胺2a对映体过量
97.8%,s值为115。
具体实施方式
芳烷醛;步骤(2)氮气保护下,将步骤(1)得到的环芳烷醛投入反应瓶中,随后加入对甲苯磺
酰胺、原硅酸四乙酯,升温至160℃,搅拌10小时,可以得到环芳烷亚胺。
(a)Gready,J.E.;Hambley,T.W.;Kakiuchi,K.;Kobiro,K.;Sternhell,S.;Tansey,C. W.;
Tobe,Y.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1990,112,7537.其余原料均商业可得。
作为手性辅基应用于手性合成中。
剂,环芳烷亚胺1a(0.1毫摩尔)和苯硼酸(实施例1‑6中为1a用量的150 mol%,实施例7中为
1a用量的100mol%)。60℃反应15h。除去溶剂后直接柱层析分离得到纯的面手性环芳烷亚
胺1a和产物前体3a。在反应瓶中将产物前体3a用1ml N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶解,0℃下加入
6mg氢化钠(质量分数为60%),随后加入26μl 烯丙基溴,于室温搅拌2h后柱层析分离得到
产物2a。回收环芳烷亚胺1a的转化率用核磁测定,回收环芳烷亚胺1a和产物2a的对映体过
量用手性液相色谱测定,产物2a 的非对映体比例用核磁测定,拆分系数s值用这一算式算
得s=ln[(1‑C)(1‑ee of 1a)]/ln[(1‑C)(1+ee of 1a)],改变配体、有机溶剂的种类以及
硼酸的量,具体结果如表1; dr为非对映体比例。
醇,环芳烷亚胺1(0.2毫摩尔,实施例8‑17中所用环芳烷亚胺为rac‑1a,实施例18‑19中所用
环芳烷亚胺为rac‑1b)和芳基硼酸(1用量的100mol%),60℃反应15h。除去溶剂后直接柱层
析分离得到纯的面手性环芳烷亚胺1和产物前体3。在反应瓶中将产物前体3用2ml N,N‑二
甲基甲酰胺溶解,0℃下加入12mg氢化钠(质量分数为60%),随后加入52μl烯丙基溴,于室
温搅拌2h后柱层析分离得到产物2。回收环芳烷亚胺1的转化率用核磁测定,回收环芳烷亚
胺1和产物2的对映体过量用手性液相色谱测定,产物2的非对映体比例用核磁测定,s值用
这一算式算得s= ln[(1‑C)(1‑ee of 1)]/ln[(1‑C)(1+ee of 1)],改变反应中环芳烷亚
胺和硼酸的种类得到12 个不同的实施例,改变的种类具体见表2。
146℃ ,new compound ,Rf=0 .50(hexanes/ethyl acetate
13
3H). C
NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ143.5,140.9,140.0,139.5,139.2,138.9,138.6,136.9,136.0,
134.0, 133.7,132.6,132.3,132.2,131.4,130.5,129.7,129.4,128.4,128.2,128.0,
117.2,64.6,48.5,35.5,35.4, 34.6,34.5,21.7.HPLC:Chiracel AD‑H column,254nm,30
℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=90/10,flow=1.0 mL/min,retention time 6.9min(major)and
+
7.5min.HRMS:Calculated for C33H33KNO2S[M+K] 546.1864,found:546.1861.
20
30.7mg,39%yield,93.7%ee,[α] D= ‑356.96(c 0.63,CHCl3).HPLC:Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow =0.8mL/min,retention time
16.6min and 18.9min(major).
℃ ,new c om po und ,R f= 0 .60 (he xa nes /e th yl ac et at e
143.6,
140.0,139.7,139.4,139.3,138.5,138.2,137.7,137.1,136.0,133.6,133.4,132.6,
132.1,132.0, 131.1,130.9,130.4,130.3,129.4,128.6,127.9,125.6,115.7,61.1,47.4,
35.5,35.4,34.8,34.1,21.6,20.0. HPLC:Chiracel AD‑H column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/
i‑PrOH=90/10,flow=1.0mL/min,retention time 5.3min(major)and 7.0min.HRMS:
+
Calculated for C34H35NaNO2S[M+Na]544.2281,found: 544.2282.
methylphenylboronic acid,29.6mg,38%yield,80.1%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.7min and 18.9min(major).
℃ ,new c om po und ,R f= 0 .60 (he xa nes /e th yl ac et at e
2H),
13
2.12(s,3H). C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.4,140.7,140.0,139.6,139.2,139.0,138.7,
137.9, 137.0,136.0,134.3,133.8,132.7,132.3,132.2,131.5,130.5,130.2,129.7,
128.7,128.3,128.2,126.3, 117.3,64.6,48.6,35.5,35.4,34.6,34.6,21.7,21.4.HPLC:
Chiracel IC column,254nm,30℃, n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=90/10,flow=1.0mL/min,
retention time 15.8min and 21.7min(major).HRMS: Calculated for C34H35NaNO2S[M+
+
Na]544.2281,found:544.2282.
methylphenylboronic acid,21.7mg,28%yield,91.2%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.6min and 18.9min(major).
℃ ,new c om po und ,R f= 0 .55 (he xa nes /e th yl ac et at e
3H)2.28
13
(s,3H). C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.4,140.0,139.5,139.3,139.0,138.7,137.9,137.7,
137.2,136.0,134.2,133.7,132.6,132.3,132.2,131.5,130.5,129.7,129.3,129.0,
128.2,117.2,64.4,48.5, 35.5,35.4,34.6,34.6,21.7,21.2.HPLC:Chiracel AD‑H
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH= 90/10,flow=1.0mL/min,retention time
+
7.1min and 8.5min(major).HRMS:Calculated for C34H35NaNO2S[M+Na]544.2281,found:
544.2284.
methylphenylboronic acid,27.8mg,36%yield,88.0%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.5min and 18.8min(major).
166℃,new compound,Rf=0.45
(100MHz,CDCl3)δ162.4(d,JC‑F=247.7Hz),143.7,140.2,139.6,139.2,138.9,138.5,
137.0(d,JC‑F= 3.3Hz),136.8,136.1,133.9,133.7,132.7,132.5,132.3,131.4,131.1(d,
JC‑F=8.1Hz),130.4,129.8, 128.1,117.4,115.3(d,JC‑F=21.3Hz),63.8,48.5,35.5,
19
35.4,34.6,34.5,21.7. F NMR(376MHz, CDCl3)δ‑113.8.HPLC:Chiracel IB column,
254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=1.0 mL/min,retention time 5.1min
+
(major)and 5.5min.HRMS:Calculated for C33H32FNaNO2S[M+Na] 548.2030,found:
548.2026.
fluorophenylboronic acid,33.8mg,43%yield,99.2%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.4min and 18.6min(major).
solid,mp=108‑110℃,new compound,Rf=0.43
(100MHz,CDCl3)δ145.1,143.8,140.3,139.6,139.1,138.7,138.3,136.2,135.9,133.6,
133.5,132.7, 132.7,132.4,131.4,130.4,130.2(q,JC‑F=32.4Hz),129.8,129.8,128.1,
125.3(q,JC‑F=3.7Hz),124.0 (q,JC‑F=272.2Hz),117.5,64.0,48.6,35.4,35.4,34.6,
19
34.5,21.7. F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ‑62.5. HPLC:Chiracel IB column,254nm,30℃,n‑
Hexane/i‑PrOH=90/10,flow=1.0mL/min,retention time 5.9min(major)and
+
6.6min.HRMS:Calculated for C34H36F3N2O2S[M+NH4]593.2444,found: 593.2462.
trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid,28.8mg,37%yield,98.5% ee.HPLC:Chiralcel
AD‑3 column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min, retention time
16.1min and 18.3min(major).
141℃,new compound,Rf=0.43
2.50(s,
13
3H),2.44‑2.33(m,1H). C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.7,140.2,139.6,139.5,139.1,138.8,
138.4,136.4,136.1,133.9,133.8,133.6,132.7,132.6,132.3,131.4,130.7,130.4,
129.8,128.6,128.1, 117.5,63.8,48.5,35.4,35.4,34.6,34.5,21.7.HPLC:Chiracel IB
column,254nm,30℃, n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
+
6.4min(major)and 7.0min.HRMS: Calculated for C33H36ClN2O2S[M+NH4] 559.2181,
35 37
found:559.2175( Cl),561.2160( Cl).
chlorophenylboronic acid,31.2mg,40%yield,99.6%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.4min and 18.6min(major).
136℃,new compound,Rf=0.43
(m,2H),
13
3.06‑2.89(m,4H),2.57‑2.46(m,1H),2.51(s,3H),2.46‑2.37(m,1H). C NMR(100MHz,
CDCl3)δ162.7(d,JC‑F=246.7Hz),143.8,143.5(d,JC‑F=6.6Hz),140.2,139.6,139.2,
138.7,138.5, 136.2,136.1,133.8,133.7,132.7,132.6,132.3,131.4,130.4,129.8(d,
JC‑F=8.0Hz),129.8,128.1,125.1 (d,JC‑F=2.8Hz),117.4,116.4(d,JC‑F=22.1Hz),115.0
19
(d,JC‑F=21.1Hz),64.0(d,JC‑F=1.6Hz),48.5, 35.4,35.4,34.6,34.5,21.7. F NMR
(376MHz,CDCl3)δ‑112.6.HPLC:Chiracel IA column,254 nm, 30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=
90/10,flow=1.0mL/min,retention time 6.4min(major)and 7.2min.HRMS: Calculated
+
for C33H32FNaNO2S[M+Na]548.2030,found:548.2061.
fluorophenylboronic acid,31.9mg,41%yield,97.4%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.2min and 18.3min(major).
℃,new compound,Rf=0.41(hexanes/ethyl
MHz,
CDCl3)δ143.9,142.9,140.2,139.6,139.1,138.6,138.4,136.2,136.1,134.3,133.8,
133.7,132.7, 132.6,132.3,131.4,130.4,129.9,129.6,129.5,128.2,128.1,127.4,
117.6,64.0,48.6,35.4,35.4,34.6, 34.5,21.7.HPLC:Chiracel IC column,254nm,30℃,
n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min, retention time 11.2min and 13.2
+
(major)min.HRMS:Calculated for C33H36ClN2O2S[M+NH4] 559.2181,found:559.2175
35 37
( Cl),561.2155( Cl).
chlorophenylboronic acid,32.7mg,42%yield,98.4%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.3min and 18.5min(major).
℃,new compound,Rf=0.25(hexanes/ethyl
2.49(s,
13
3H). C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ159.2,143.4,140.0,139.5,139.3,139.0,138.7,137.4,
136.0, 134.3,133.7,133.1,132.7,132.3,132.2,131.5,130.6,130.5,129.7,128.2,
117.2,113.6,64.1,55.3,48.5, 35.5,35.4,34.6,34.6,21.7.HPLC:Chiracel AD‑H
column,254 nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20, flow=1.0mL/min,retention time
+
6.5min and 7.2min(major).HRMS:Calculated for C34H35KNO3S [M+K]576.1969,found:
576.1959.
methoxyphenylboronic acid,35.1mg,45%yield,83.9%ee. HPLC:Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.3min and 18.5min(major).
℃,new compound,Rf=0.38(hexanes/ethyl
3 .31‑
13
3.20(m,2H),3.12‑2.96(m,3H),2.95‑2.85(m,1H),2.54(s,3H),2.48‑2.39(m,2H). C NMR
(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ143.5,140.1,139.6,139.2,138.9,138.7,138.2,136.9,136.1,134.1,
133.8,133.0,132.9, 132.7,132.5,132.3,131.6,130.5,129.8,128.5,128.3,128.1,
128.1,127.7,127.3,126.4,126.3,117.4, 64.7,48.7,35.5,35.4,34.6,21.7.HPLC:
Chiracel AD‑3 column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH= 90/10,flow=1.0mL/min,
+
retention time 9.0min and 13.8min(major).HRMS:Calculated for C37H35NaNO2S[M+Na]
580.2281,found:580.2279.
naphthaleneboronic acid,31.9mg,41%yield,82.3%ee.HPLC: Chiralcel AD‑3
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.3min and 18.5min(major).
℃,new compound,Rf=0.50(hexanes/ethyl
1H),
3.40‑3.29(m,1H),3.19(t,J=11.8Hz,1H),3.04‑2.74(m,4H),2.50(s,3H),2.41‑2.29(m,
13
2H), 2.13(s,3H). C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.4,141.1,139.2,139.0,138.9,138.5,
138.2,138.1,136.6, 134.7,134.2,133.9,132.6,131.3,130.8,129.7,129.4,128.4,
128.2,128.0,127.8,117.2,64.5,48.4,34.3, 34.0,33.6,33.4,21.7,19.8.HPLC:
Chiracel IB column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow =0.8mL/min,
+
retention time 6.2min(major)and 7.1min.HRMS:Calculated for C34H35NaNO2S [M+Na]
544.2281,found:544.2262.
20
phenylboronic acid,32.2mg,40%yield,99.4%ee,[α] D= ‑400.28(c 0.65,CHCl3)
.HPLC:Chiralcel AD‑H column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20, flow=0.8mL/
min,retention time 16.8min and 20.5min(major).
mp=55‑57℃,new compound,Rf=0.50
(s,3H),
13
2.41‑2.27(m,2H),2.12(s,3H). C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.7,139.7,139.2,138.9,
138.8, 138.6,138.2,138.0,136.9,134.1,133.9,133.8,133.8,132.6,131.4,130.7,
130.7,129.8,128.6,128.1, 127.9,117.5,63.7,48.5,34.3,34.1,33.6,33.4,21.7,
19.8.HPLC:Chiracel IB column,254nm,30℃, n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/
min,retention time 6.4min(major)and 7.5min.HRMS: Calculated for C34H38ClN2O2S[M
+ 35 37
+NH4]573.2337,found:573.2376( Cl),575.2360( Cl).
chlorophenylboronic acid,33.8mg,42%yield,99.9%ee. HPLC:Chiralcel AD‑H
column,254nm,30℃,n‑Hexane/i‑PrOH=80/20,flow=0.8mL/min,retention time
16.7min and 20.5min(major)。