Method and arrangement for testing the proper functionality of an elevator转让专利
申请号 : US14364833
文献号 : US09599467B2
文献日 : 2017-03-21
发明人 : Matthias Gehrke
申请人 : Matthias Gehrke
摘要 :
权利要求 :
The invention claimed is:
说明书 :
The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for testing the proper functionality, in particular a traction capacity, over-traction capacity, safety gear, and the like of an elevator, in which a car is movable in an elevator shaft having an elevator shaft excavation space, and a characteristic value being ascertained under predefined test conditions to determine the proper functionality of the elevator.
DE 101 50 284 A1 discloses a method for diagnosing elevator facilities. The car is provided with an acceleration sensor. The acceleration values measured using the acceleration sensor are transmitted to an analysis unit arranged outside the car.
DE 10 2006 011 395 A1 discloses a measuring device for a traction capacity measurement of an elevator system. The measuring device has a fastening device for positioning on multiple support cables. Furthermore, it has a fixing device for at least one of the support cables.
DE 39 11 391 C1 describes a method and a device for testing the traction capacity. Between at least one cable of a cable pull and a fixed point, the force transmitted thereto via the cable pull is ascertained by means of a force measuring signal encoder, until the cable begins to slip on the drive pulley. For this purpose, a first distance sensor can additionally be connected to a cable of the cable pull and a second distance sensor can be connected to the drive pulley.
The devices necessary for performing the known methods require a relatively high level of effort during the installation of the sensors. The performance of the typical methods is connected with a high time expenditure.
The object of the present invention is to remedy the disadvantages according to the prior art. In particular, a method which is as simple and efficient to perform as possible for testing the proper functionality of an elevator is to be specified. According to a further object of the invention, an arrangement is to be specified, using which the proper functionality of an elevator can be tested rapidly, simply, and efficiently.
This object is achieved by the features set forth in the appended claims which also define the features of expedient embodiments of the invention.
As provided by the invention, in a method for testing the proper functionality of an elevator, it is proposed that to ascertain the characteristic value, a change of the distance between the car and a fixed measuring point in the elevator shaft is measured by means of an optical distance measuring device. It is therefore possible in a surprisingly simple way to perform the method for testing the proper functionality of the elevator rapidly and efficiently. According to the proposed method, in particular a complex and time-consuming attachment of measuring devices to cables and/or the drive pulley and/or the laying of cables to a sensor outside the elevator shaft can be dispensed with. The proposed method is additionally particularly universal, since the embodiment of the elevator shaft is established by standards. As a result, elevator shafts hardly differ even in the event of a differing embodiment of elevators. This further simplifies the testing of the proper functionality of the elevator.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the fixed measuring point is located in the elevator shaft excavation space, the distance to a car lower side of the car being measured in this case. The elevator shaft excavation space is easily accessible to the testing engineer. A distance measuring device capable of measuring the change of the distance can be arranged therein without great effort.
The change of the distance is measured by means of an optical distance measuring device. The distance measuring device expediently comprises a clock generator, which allows a time-resolved measurement of the distance of the car in relation to a fixed measuring point, for example. The clock generator can be a component of a computer, for example, to which the distance measuring device is connected to transmit and analyze the measured values measured therewith.
It has proven to be expedient to measure and record at least 500, preferably 700 to 2500, distance values per second using the distance measuring device. 800 to 1200 distance values per second are expediently measured and analyzed using downstream analysis electronics. Using the proposed registration frequency of the measured values, the dynamic behavior of the car can be registered in testing routines which are prescribed for testing the proper functionality. The results achieved are substantially more precise than the results achievable using typical testing routines. The method may simultaneously be performed more easily and cost-effectively. The distance values, expediently 900 to 1100 per second, can also be recorded as a function of measured values delivered by a force measuring device. The above-mentioned measuring frequency can also be used in this case.
The distance measuring device expediently forms the fixed measuring point. This simplifies the method. Complex alignment work in relation to a fixed measuring point implemented as a mirror, for example, and possibly required cable laying work to a computer are dispensed with.
In practice, it has proven to be particularly advantageous for the distance measuring device to be placed in an elevator shaft excavation space, which is delimited by a floor of the elevator shaft, its walls, and an imaginary surface, which rests on an upper side of cushions supported on the floor. The elevator shaft excavation space is relatively easily accessible. The distance measuring device can be securely housed below the imaginary surface, which rests on the upper side of the cushions. Damage to the distance measuring device is not a concern even if the car or the counterweight is placed on the cushions. According to a particularly simple embodiment, the distance measuring device is supported on the floor of the elevator shaft excavation space.
According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, an optical distance sensor is used as the distance measuring device, which has at least one sensor, which emits transmitted light beams along an optical axis, at least one oscillator for modulating the transmitted light beams, and a receiver, which receives a received light beam, having means for determining the runtime of the received light beams reflected from the car lower side. Using the proposed optical distance sensor, in particular the chronological change of the distance of the car can be determined from the phase difference between transmitted and received light beams. The transmitted and the received light beams are not pulsed in this embodiment. The distance measurement is performed by frequency measurement. Such a frequency measurement can be implemented with little circuitry expenditure. It is therefore possible to measure the chronological change of a distance between the car lower side and the fixed measuring point particularly exactly and with high resolution.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the means for determining the runtime comprise a phase difference detector, which is connected to the receiver via an electrical signal pathway. An electronic signal delay unit can be connected into the electrical signal pathway, using which a phase difference between transmitted and received light beams can be set or regulated to a predefined value. To determine the phase shift, at least one synchronous rectifier is expediently provided between transmitted and received light beams. The transmitter can be modulated by an upstream oscillator having a constant frequency, so that the output of a clock oscillator is conducted to the synchronous rectifier, the frequency of the clock oscillator being adjustable by feedback of the output signal of the synchronous rectifier. The phase difference between the signals of the oscillator and the clock oscillator can be determined in a phase detector and analyzed in the analysis unit as a measure of the distance. The modulation frequency of the transmitted light beams can also be adjustable to determine the phase shift between transmitted and received light beams, in that the integrated output signal of the synchronous rectifier is fed back to an oscillator upstream from the transmitter, the modulation frequency set in the oscillator being analyzed in the analysis unit as a measure of the distance. A distance measuring device having the above-mentioned features is particularly well suitable for measuring the distance of the car in relation to the fixed measuring point. A measuring frequency which is thus achievable allows a measurement of the time change of the distance in the millisecond range. Decelerations and/or accelerations may thus be registered, which occur, for example, upon triggering of safety gear, in the event of an emergency stop, or the like. The proposed distance measuring device is thus universally suitable for ascertaining all speed-dependent and/or acceleration-dependent characteristic values during the testing of the proper functionality of an elevator.
The optical distance sensor is advantageously supported on the floor of the elevator shaft excavation space and a reflector is attached to the car lower side. The support of the optical distance sensor on the shaft floor may be implemented particularly simply. Cumbersome installation work is not necessary.
According to a further embodiment, an analysis unit is provided for analyzing the reception signals available at the output of the receiver. The receiver can have a light-sensitive surface, whose normal vector is inclined by a predefined tilt angle to the optical axis. Light can therefore be prevented from being reflected from the receiver into the area of the optical axis, which could result in corruption of the measurement results. The tilt angle is expediently in the range from 10 to 30°.
For analyzing the measured values, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to use a low-pass filter, preferably an SG-FIR low-pass filter, and to filter the measured values therewith. The combination of the optical distance sensor with the proposed filter results in particularly reliable results.
To ascertain the characteristic value, the distance can be measured as a function of time in particular and an acceleration of the car can be ascertained therefrom. The acceleration can be ascertained easily and precisely by the second derivative of the distance values measured over time. Based on an acceleration ascertained in this manner, a plurality of characteristic values, which represent the proper functionality of an elevator, can be ascertained.
The characteristic value may be a value which represents the functionality of a safety gear and/or a traction capacity. Further, the characteristic value may be a value representing an over-traction capacity and/or a minimum traction capacity of the elevator.
According to a further embodiment of the invention a reflector for reflecting the transmitted light beam is attached to the car lower side.
According to an embodiment of the invention it is provided to automatically align the light beam with the reflector. The proposed automatic alignment assures that distance values can be measured without interruption or with small interruptions along the whole track of movement of the car. Further, it is possible to perform the measurement of the distance values even if the optical distance sensor which emits the light beam, in particular a laser beam, is not exactly positioned normal with respect to a direction of movement of the car.
An alignment of the emitted light beam can e.g. be performed by one or more mirrors which can be tilted by one or more actuators. Further, it is possible to perform the tracking of the emitted light beam with the reflector by adjusting the optical distance sensor. For this purpose e.g. a length of stents on which the optical distance sensor is supported may be adjusted, e.g. by servo-motors.
In order to assure an automatic tracking of the emitted light beam there may be provided a closed-loop control. Thereby it is detected whether or not the emitted light beam is reflected at the reflector. Such detection may be performed by the receiver.
As soon as it is detected that the emitted light beam is not reflected at the reflector, the emitted light beam is then moved in accordance with a predetermined algorithm. According to the algorithm the emitted light beam may be moved along a first straight line and thereafter along a second straight line which is perpendicular to the first straight line. The emitted light beam may also be moved along the path of a circle. The extent of the movement is advantageously performed in dependency of the distance of the reflector from the optical distance sensor. For calculation of the distance there is used the last distance value which is measured before it was detected that the emitted light beam is no longer reflected at the reflector. By calculating the extent of the movement of the emitted light beam in dependency on the last distance value it can be achieved that the tracks of movement of the emitted light beam have always the same extent or size, respectively, irrespective of the distance of the car from the optical distance sensor. This assures a rapid tracking and alignment of the emitted light beam with the reflector.
According to a further advantageous embodiment the correct alignment of the emitted light beam with the reflector is saved electronically in dependency of the distance. This allows to automatically align the light beam during the next movement of the car within the elevator shaft.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, in an elevator to be tested, in which the car is provided with a safety gear and is connected to a counterweight via at least one cable guided over a drive pulley, the following steps are performed to ascertain a characteristic value which represents the functionality of the safety gear:
moving the car downward;
triggering the safety gear;
measuring a distance of the car in relation to the fixed measuring point in relation to time; and
ascertaining the deceleration Vf of the car, which is caused by the triggering of the safety gear, from the measured values.
In that a distance change of the car in relation to the fixed measuring point is directly measured over time, the deceleration of the car upon triggering of the safety gear can be ascertained particularly precisely. The method may be performed surprisingly easily. In particular, it is not necessary to attach a measuring device to a cable, the drive pulley, or the like.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the downward movement is performed using unloaded car. This simplifies the method according to the invention. The safety gear is expediently triggered in a lower half, preferably a lower third, particularly preferably in a lower fourth of a route of the car. Because of the thus increasing cable length between drive pulley and car, the safety gear is particularly strongly stressed in a lower section of the route. Particularly informative values result for the functionality of the safety gear in a lower section of the route.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the downward movement is performed at nominal speed. This further simplifies the proposed method.
The deceleration Vf for the car loaded with nominal load can be ascertained according to the following formula:
Vf=(mFK*{umlaut over (s)}+mFK*g)/(mFK+NL)−g (1)
where: NL=nominal load specified in the car
- g=gravitational acceleration
- {umlaut over (s)}=second derivative of the measured distance with respect to time, and
- mFK=mass of the car.
According to a further embodiment of the method, in the elevator to be tested, in which the car is connected to a counterweight via at least one cable, which is guided over a drive pulley, and a braking device is provided for braking the drive pulley, the following steps are performed to ascertain a characteristic value which describes a traction capacity T of the drive pulley:
moving the car;
triggering the braking device;
measuring a distance of the car in relation to a fixed measuring point over time; and
ascertaining the traction capacity T of the drive pulley from the measured values.
In that according to the invention the distance of the car lower side is measured, the proposed method may be performed surprisingly simply and reliably. In particular, the time-consuming installation of measured value pickups on cables, the drive pulley, or the like can be dispensed with. Notwithstanding this, the traction capacity of the drive pulley upon triggering of the braking device can be ascertained with improved precision from a measurement of the change of the distance of the car in relation to a fixed measuring point.
As defined in the present invention, the term “braking device” is generally to be understood as a drive pulley brake which acts directly on the drive pulley or also a transmission or motor brake which acts indirectly on the drive pulley. The term “elevator shaft” is also to be understood generally as defined in the present invention. It is to be understood to include elevator shafts having both full and also partial railings. As defined in the present invention, the “distance” is a distance measured essentially in the movement direction of the car. An “elevator” is understood as both an elevator having a car movable in the vertical direction and also an inclined elevator, in which the car is movable by at least 15° diagonally in relation to the horizontal.
The traction capacity in the event of emergency stop as defined in DIN EN 81-1 can be ascertained in particular using the proposed method. For this purpose, the distance of the car over time is measured directly during movement of the car and the braking device is triggered. The deceleration of the movement after triggering of the braking device may be ascertained from the measured distance by the second derivative according to time. In contrast to the prior art, it is not necessary to use integration constants for the calculation here. The use of integration constants results in inaccuracies in the calculation.
The movement is advantageously performed using unloaded car. This further increases the efficiency of the proposed method. Of course, it is also possible to load the car with nominal load, for example.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the movement of the car is performed at nominal speed. This further simplifies the proposed method.
The car is expediently moved upward to ascertain the traction capacity T. However, it is also possible using the method according to the invention to determine the traction capacity of a downward movement of the car at high precision.
The traction capacity T is expediently ascertained according to the following formula:
where:
- {umlaut over (s)}=a(t)=ascertained deceleration at the time t
- A=measured distance from the shaft excavation to the floor of the car
- FH=measured conveyor height
- AH=calculated height of the drive after input of the floor position of the drive
- mFK=mass of the car
- mGG=mass of the counterweight
- V=suspension ratio, 1:1 or 2:1
- n=number of cables
- sg=specific cable weight in Kg/m
- g=acceleration
- mA=(FH−A)*sg*n
- mB=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mC=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mD=A*sg*n.
To test the proper functionality of an elevator, in addition to the explained method for testing the traction capacity in the event of emergency stop, it is additionally necessary to ascertain further characteristic values. For this purpose, the method according to the invention, which forms a test sequence, can be combined with further test sequences. For this purpose, it has proven to be expedient to support a first force measuring device on at least one first cushion corresponding to the counterweight and to support a second force measuring device on at least one second cushion corresponding to the car. The force measuring devices are therefore also introduced into the elevator shaft excavation space and are therefore located close to the distance measuring device. This advantageously allows the measured values of the distance measuring device and/or the force measuring devices to be registered and analyzed by means of a computer connected thereto, which is preferably placed in the elevator shaft excavation space. The setup of a measuring device which comprises the force measuring devices, the distance measuring device, and the computer in the elevator shaft excavation may be performed rapidly and easily. All characteristic values required for testing the proper functionality of an elevator can be ascertained using such a measuring device.
The over-traction capacity of the elevator can thus be measured in a further test sequence. In an elevator to be tested, in which the car is connected to a counterweight via at least one cable, which is guided over a drive pulley, the following steps can be performed to ascertain a characteristic value which describes an over-traction capacity of the elevator:
placing the counterweight on the first force measuring device;
moving the drive pulley in a direction which raises the car until cable slip occurs;
measuring the force acting on the first force measuring device over time; and
ascertaining the over-traction capacity from the measured values.
The proposed second test sequence can be performed easily and rapidly using the above-described measuring device. The over-traction capacity T′ can be ascertained according to the following formula:
where: mGG=mass of the counterweight
- Fm′=measured force upon cable slip
- mFK=mass of the car
- A=measured distance from the shaft excavation to the floor of the car
- FH=measured conveyor height
- AH=calculated height of the drive after input of the floor position of the drive
- V=suspension ratio, 1:1 or 2:1
- n=number of cables
- sg=specific cable weight in Kg/m
- g=acceleration of gravity
- mA=(FH−A)*sg*n
- mB=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mC=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mD=A*sg*n.
Furthermore, the method according to the invention can be combined with a further test sequence. In an elevator to be tested, in which the car is connected to a counterweight via at least one cable, which is guided over a drive pulley, the following steps can be performed to ascertain a characteristic value which describes a minimum traction capacity of the elevator:
placing the car on the second force measuring device;
moving the drive pulley in a direction which raises the counterweight until cable slip occurs;
measuring the force acting on the second force measuring device over time; and
ascertaining the minimum traction capacity from the measured values.
The proposed further test sequence can also be performed easily and rapidly using the above-described measuring device. The minimum traction capacity T″ can be ascertained according to the following formula:
where: mGG=mass of the counterweight
- Fm″=measured force upon cable slip
- mFK=mass of the car
- A=measured distance from the shaft excavation to the floor of the car
- FH=measured conveyor height
- AH=calculated height of the drive after input of the floor position of the drive
- V=suspension ratio, 1:1 or 2:1
- n=number of cables
- sg=specific cable weight in Kg/m
- g=acceleration of gravity
- mA=(FH−A)*sg*n
- mB=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mC=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mD=A*sg*n.
A weight of the car can be ascertained according to the following formula:
where:
- g=acceleration of gravity
- Fm1=measured force at time t1
- {umlaut over (s)}=deceleration at time t1
- mFK=mass of the car
Furthermore, a weight of the car can also be ascertained according to the following formula:
where:
- mFK=mass of the car
- Fm1=measured first force on the force measuring device at time t1
- Fm2=measured second force on the force measuring device
- g=acceleration of gravity
- a1=deceleration at time t1.
Furthermore, it is advantageously possible particularly simply using the distance measuring device provided according to the invention to calculate the respective proportional cable weight on the counterweight side and/or on the car side and take it into consideration when determining the characteristic values.
Furthermore, the method according to the invention can be combined with a further test sequence. In an elevator to be tested, in which a car is connected to a counterweight via at least one cable, which is guided over a drive pulley, the following steps can be performed to measure a characteristic curve of the cushion:
supporting the car or the counterweight on the force measuring device received on the respective cushion;
moving the drive pulley in a direction pointing toward the supported counterweight or car until cable slip occurs;
measuring the force acting on the force measuring device via the distance between the fixed measuring point and the counterweight or car supported on the cushion; and
ascertaining the cushion characteristic curve from the measured values.
The proposed further test sequence can also be performed rapidly and easily employing the above-described measuring device. The further test sequences can also advantageously be performed using unloaded car. This further simplifies and accelerates the proposed method.
According to a further provision of the invention, an arrangement for testing the proper functionality of an elevator is provided, in which a car is movable in an elevator shaft, and an optical distance measuring device is arranged in the elevator shaft to measure a change of a distance of the car in relation to a fixed measuring point in the elevator shaft.
The proposed arrangement may be produced easily and rapidly. For this purpose, it is merely necessary, for example, to place a distance measuring device on a floor of the elevator shaft excavation space, and to align it in relation to a car lower side. Time-consuming, cumbersome, and complex attachment of sensors to cables, the drive pulley, or the like is not necessary in the arrangement according to the invention.
Reference is made to the preceding description of the method according to the invention with respect to the advantageous embodiments of the distance measuring device, in particular the use of an optical distance sensor, and the embodiments of the optical distance sensor. The features disclosed therein of the embodiments of the distance measuring device also form embodiment features of the arrangement according to the invention.
The arrangement according to the invention can be produced particularly simply using a measuring device, in which the optical distance sensor and a computer for recording and analyzing the recorded measured values are housed or combined like a kit in a case. Furthermore, a reflector and at least one force measuring device can be accommodated in the case. To produce the arrangement according to the invention, the testing engineer must merely place the case on the floor of the elevator shaft excavation, attach the reflector, which can be provided with a magnetic film, to the car lower side, and align the optical distance sensor accommodated in the case, by means of a laser beam emitted therefrom, for example, with respect to the reflector attached to the car lower side. The distance measuring device can be provided with an adjustment unit for this purpose. This can be three supports attached to the lower side of the distance measuring device, which are variable in their length, for example, like adjustment screws.
Furthermore, it is possible to support one or more force measuring devices on the cushions and to connect them via a cable connection to the measuring device. The testing engineer can subsequently initiate a predefined movement sequence of the car. All characteristic values which are necessary for testing the proper functionality of an elevator can be ascertained automatically or partially automatically from the measured values recorded using the measuring device.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in greater detail hereafter on the basis of the drawings. In the figures:
where:
- {umlaut over (s)}=ascertained deceleration at the time t
- A=measured distance from the shaft excavation to the floor of the car
- FH=measured conveyor height
- AH=calculated height of the drive after input of the floor position of the output
- mFK=mass of the car
- mGG=mass of the counterweight
- V=suspension ratio, 1:1 or 2:1
- n=number of cables
- sg=specific cable weight in Kg/m
- g=acceleration
- mA=(FH−A)*sg*n
- mB=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mC=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mD=A*sg*n.
The distance of the car 3 in relation to the optical distance sensor 7 changes both when the counterweight 4 is placed on the first cushion 10 and also when the drive pulley 1 is moved in a direction which raises the car 3. The characteristic curve of the first cushion 10 can be ascertained from the recorded change of the distance of the car 3 over the measured force.
The minimum traction capacity T2″/T1″ can be ascertained according to formula (3) from the force measured using the second force measuring device 13 at the time of the cable slip.
Furthermore, the characteristic curve of the second cushion 11 can be ascertained from the measured change of the distance of the car 3 over the force.
For automatic consideration of the cable weights mA, mB, mC, mD, it is only still necessary to input the specific cable weight. The specific cable weight can be taken from a table, in which it is listed with respect to a cable diameter.
In particular if an optical distance sensor 7 is used, which ascertains the time change of a distance between the shaft excavation and a lower side of the car 3 from a phase shift between a transmitted light beam 8 and a received light beam, a test of the proper functionality of an elevator can be performed particularly rapidly, efficiently, and easily. The efficiency of the proposed method can be increased further if the optical distance sensor 7 is combined with force measuring device 12, 13.
The respective relevant cable weights can be ascertained automatically using the path measurement. Only the number of cables and the cable diameter must be input manually.
The half-load equalization can be ascertained automatically, in that the counterweight 4 is lowered onto the cushion 10 having the force measuring device 12 with the brake open. The force measuring device 12 then measures:
In the case of half-load equalization, the measured value must be 50% of the specified nominal load. The load equalization in percent:
La=(Fm/(NL*g))*100 (9)
where:
- Fp=measured force on the cushion of the counterweight
- Fm=ascertained force on the cushion without cable weights
- mFK=mass of the car
- mGG=mass of the counterweight
- La=load equalization in percent
- NL=nominal load specified in the car
- V=suspension ratio, 1:1 or 1:2
- g=acceleration of gravity
- mA=(FH−A)*sg*n
- mB=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mC=(FH−AH)*sg*n
- mD=A*sg*n.
The car weight can be ascertained automatically according to the following methods:
Method 1:
The car 3 is moved onto the cushion 11, so that a deceleration>1 g is achieved.
where:
- g=acceleration of gravity
- Fm1=measured force at time t1
- {umlaut over (s)}=deceleration at time t1
- mFK=mass of the car.
Method 2:
The counterweight 4 is moved close to the cushion 10, for example, the car 3 is moved into the uppermost stop. The brake of the drive is now opened. The counterweight 4 is braked by the force measuring device 12, which lies on the cushion 10. A deceleration a1 results at time t1. In addition, the first force Fm1 arising on the force measuring device 10 is measured at t1. In the case of a deceleration of a1<1 g, the following equations apply (with neglected cable weights and 1:1 suspension here for simplicity):
If the car 3 is stationary and the counterweight 4 rests on the force measuring device 12 on the cushion 10, the second force Fm2 can be measured and the following equation applies:
The following equation results through substitution:
where:
- mGG=mass of the counterweight
- mFK=mass of the car
- Fm1=measured first force on the force measuring device at time t1
- Fm2=measured second force on the force measuring device
- g=acceleration of gravity
- a1=deceleration at time t1.
The deceleration a1 can again be ascertained by the second derivative of the measured distance according to time.
Of course, the two methods are also capable of ascertaining the counterweight. The ascertained values such as counterweight, car weight, proportional cable weights, speed, and conveyor height are provided automatically for the calculation of the dynamic traction capacity, the traction capacity upon loading of the car 3, the over-traction capacity, and the cushion characteristic curve. The technician no longer has to look for the data in the test log book.
The braking device has been disengaged at point M1 and the safety gear has been triggered at point M2. The braking device has again been disengaged at point M3 and the braking device has been actuated at point M4. At point S6, the car 3 rests on the cushion corresponding thereto in the shaft excavation.
As can be seen from
The function of the further measuring device is now explained with reference to
Control or computer 9, respectively, continuously detects during a measurement cycle whether the receiver receives reflected laser beam 8′. As soon as the receiver does not detect the reflected laser beam 8′ it is not possible to calculate distance values. A this time an algorithm is started by which the transmitted laser beam 8 is moved to describe predetermined a tracking path on the lower side of the car 3 in order to again find a reflector plate 15.
By controlling actuators 18 the supporting plate 14 is tilted and therewith the transmitted laser beam 8 is moved to describe a tracking path on the car lower side. The movements of the actuators 18 are controlled such that the tracking path of the transmitted laser beamer 8 on the car lower side is always the same. This is achieved by correcting further values for producing control-signals for the actuators 18 by a distance value which was measured immediately before the reflected laser beam 8′ was no more detected by the receiver.
In a first step of tracking the reflector plate 15 the transmitted laser beam 8 is moved in x, −x, y and -y directions as can be seen from
If during the movement of the transmitted laser beam 8 along the path of a circle no reflection is detected then, in a third step, the transmitted laser beam 8 is moved in form of a spiral until the reflector plate 15 is found. Then the first and/or second step may be performed in order to refine the new position of the transmitted laser beam 8 with respect to the reflector plate 15.
Although the proposed tracking method has been disclosed with respect to the tilting of the supporting plate 14 on which the optical distance sensor 7 is mounted it has to be understood that the tracking of the transmitted laser beam 8 may also be carried out by other techniques, like by the movement of at least one mirror or the like.
- 1 drive pulley
- 2 cable
- 3 car
- 4 counterweight
- 5 drive and braking device
- 6 shaft floor
- 7 optical distance sensor
- 8 transmitted light beam
- 8′ reflected laser beam
- 9 computer
- 10 first cushion
- 11 second cushion
- 12 first force measuring device
- 13 second force measuring device
- 14 supporting plate
- 15 reflector plate
- 16 base plate
- 17 joint
- 18 actuator
- 19 electric motor
- A distance
- S1, S2, S3, S4 story
- Tg tangent