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    • 4. 发明申请
    • System and method for ESD protection
    • ESD保护的系统和方法
    • US20050236673A1
    • 2005-10-27
    • US11171325
    • 2005-07-01
    • Agnes WooKenneth KindsfaterFang Lu
    • Agnes WooKenneth KindsfaterFang Lu
    • H01F17/00H01L23/50H01L23/522H01L23/60H01L23/62H01L27/02H01L27/08H03B5/12H03B5/36H03D7/16H03D7/18H03G1/00H03H11/12H03J1/00H03J3/04H03J3/08H03J3/18H03L7/10H03L7/23H04B1/28
    • H01L23/50H01F17/0006H01F17/0013H01F2017/0053H01F2021/125H01L23/5227H01L23/60H01L27/0248H01L27/0251H01L27/08H01L2924/0002H01L2924/3011H03B5/1212H03B5/1228H03B5/1243H03B5/364H03D7/161H03D7/18H03G1/0029H03H11/1291H03J1/0075H03J3/04H03J3/08H03J3/185H03J2200/10H03L7/10H03L7/23H04B1/28H01L2924/00
    • An integrated receiver with channel selection and image rejection substantially implemented on a single CMOS integrated circuit is described. A receiver front end provides programable attenuation and a programable gain low noise amplifier. Frequency conversion circuitry advantageously uses LC filters integrated onto the substrate in conjunction with image reject mixers to provide sufficient image frequency rejection. Filter tuning and inductor Q compensation over temperature are performed on chip. The filters utilize multi track spiral inductors. The filters are tuned using local oscillators to tune a substitute filter, and frequency scaling during filter component values to those of the filter being tuned. In conjunction with filtering, frequency planning provides additional image rejection. The advantageous choice of local oscillator signal generation methods on chip is by PLL out of band local oscillation and by direct synthesis for in band local oscillator. The VCOs in the PLLs are centered using a control circuit to center the tuning capacitance range. A differential crystal oscillator is advantageously used as a frequency reference. Differential signal transmission is advantageously used throughout the receiver. ESD protection is provided by a pad ring and ESD clamping structure that maintains signal integrity. Also provided are shunts at each pin to discharge ESD build up. The shunts utilize a gate boosting structure to provide sufficient small signal RF performance, and minimal parasitic loading.
    • 描述了基本上在单个CMOS集成电路上实现的具有信道选择和图像抑制的集成接收机。 接收机前端提供可编程衰减和可编程增益低噪声放大器。 频率转换电路有利地使用集成到衬底上的LC滤波器与图像抑制混合器结合,以提供足够的图像频率抑制。 过滤器调谐和电感Q补偿温度在芯片上执行。 滤波器采用多轨螺旋电感。 使用本地振荡器调整滤波器以调整替代滤波器,以及滤波器组件值期间的频率缩放与被调谐的滤波器的频率缩放。 结合滤波,频率规划提供了额外的镜像抑制。 片上本地振荡器信号产生方法的有利选择是通过PLL带外本地振荡和通过频带本地振荡器的直接合成。 PLL中的VCO使用控制电路居中,使调谐电容范围居中。 差分晶体振荡器有利地用作频率参考。 差分信号传输有利地用于整个接收机。 ESD保护由保护信号完整性的焊盘环和ESD钳位结构提供。 还提供每个引脚上的分流器,以放电ESD积聚。 分流器利用栅极升压结构来提供足够的小信号RF性能和最小的寄生负载。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Receiver circuit compensation for filter response error
    • 接收器电路补偿滤波器响应误差
    • US06847811B2
    • 2005-01-25
    • US09815203
    • 2001-03-22
    • Andreas Hofmann
    • Andreas Hofmann
    • H03D7/00H03D7/16H03J3/04H03J7/04H04B1/04H04B1/26
    • H03J7/04H03J3/04
    • A circuit configuration having a filter, for example a bandpass filter, and a method for its operation are specified, which the circuit configuration allows for compensation of a frequency error, for example between an actual mid-frequency and a nominal frequency. A first mixer, upstream of the filter and a second mixer downstream from the filter are provided. A signal and a respective oscillation frequency are each supplied to respective inputs of the first and second mixers. The oscillation frequencies are mixed as a function of the frequency error in frequency generators such that the signal at the intermediate frequency is matched to the filter characteristics of the filter which is subject to tolerances. In consequence, filters that satisfy the stringent requirements for WCDMA mobile radio applications, but by virtue of the manufacturing technique, have an excessive mid-frequency error, can be used, for example, in heterodyne receivers.
    • 规定具有滤波器(例如带通滤波器)及其操作方法的电路配置,其电路配置允许例如在实际的中频和标称频率之间的频率误差的补偿。 提供在过滤器上游的第一混合器和从过滤器下游的第二混合器。 信号和各自的振荡频率分别提供给第一和第二混频器的相应输入端。 作为频率发生器中的频率误差的函数,振荡频率被混合,使得中频处的信号与经过公差的滤波器的滤波器特性相匹配。 因此,可以使用例如在外差接收机中使用满足WCDMA移动无线电应用的严格要求但是由于制造技术而具有过高的中频误差的滤波器。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Tuned filter calibration system
    • 调谐过滤器校准系统
    • US6018702A
    • 2000-01-25
    • US102294
    • 1998-06-22
    • David A. Luiz
    • David A. Luiz
    • G01R35/00G01R23/163G01R23/165G01R27/00G01R27/28H03J1/00H03J3/04
    • G01R35/005G01R23/165H03H2210/012H03H2210/04
    • A filter calibration system uses the reflection characteristics of a tuned filter, such as a YIG-tuned filter (YTF), to establish a correspondence between a control signal applied to the filter and the passband center frequency of the filter. This correspondence enables tuning characteristic of a YTF stored during a baseline characterization of a spectrum analyzer to be corrected to compensate for temperature changes and changes in operating parameters of the spectrum analyzer. The filter calibration system uses components within the spectrum analyzer to perform the calibration so that the manufacturing cost of the spectrum analyzer is not increased. The spectrum analyzer's local oscillator provides a stimulus signal that is applied to the YTF. A mixer within the spectrum analyzer detects reflections of the stimulus signal by the YTF while control signals applied to the YTF are varied to correspondingly adjust the passband center frequency of the YTF. The detected reflections from the YTF at the various control signal levels are recorded and characteristics of this reflection response are used to map the control signal levels to the center frequencies of the YTF to compensate for changes in the tuning characteristic of the YTF.
    • 滤波器校准系统使用诸如YIG调谐滤波器(YTF)的调谐滤波器的反射特性来建立施加到滤波器的控制信号与滤波器的通带中心频率之间的对应关系。 该对应关系使得在频谱分析仪的基线表征期间存储的YTF的调谐特性能够被校正,以补偿频谱分析仪的温度变化和操作参数的变化。 过滤器校准系统使用频谱分析仪中的组件执行校准,从而不会增加频谱分析仪的制造成本。 频谱分析仪的本地振荡器提供施加到YTF的刺激信号。 频谱分析仪内的混频器通过YTF检测刺激信号的反射,同时施加到YTF的控制信号也会相应地调整YTF的通带中心频率。 记录来自各个控制信号电平的来自YTF的检测到的反射,并且使用该反射响应的特性将控制信号电平映射到YTF的中心频率,以补偿YTF的调谐特性的变化。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Active filter resonator and system and negative resistance generator
usable therein
    • 有源滤波器谐振器和系统及负电阻发生器可用于其中
    • US5451915A
    • 1995-09-19
    • US69298
    • 1993-05-26
    • Peter J. KatzinYalcin AyasliBrian E. Bedard
    • Peter J. KatzinYalcin AyasliBrian E. Bedard
    • H03B1/00H03B5/12H03B7/06H03H5/12H03H11/52H03J3/04H03H11/04
    • H03L7/0805H03B5/1203H03B5/1228H03B5/1243H03H11/52H03H5/12H03J3/04H03B2200/004H03B2200/0086H03B2201/0208H03B2201/036H03B7/06
    • A negative resistance generator includes first and second terminals; first and second inductors connected in series between the terminals; and a semiconductor amplifying device having a first control electrode connected to the first terminal and a first active electrode connected to the second terminal and a second active electrode connected to the junction of the inductors. When employed in an active filter resonator a first variable capacitor is interconnected with the inductors for setting the resonant frequency of the resonator. The resonators may be combined in an active filter with a transmission line where each of the resonators is interconnected to the line by decreasing resistance from the input to the output in order to balance the rf currents to which the resonators are subjected. An improved dual loop active filter control system is achieved by using a master oscillator that employs a resonator that is matched to the active filter resonator in the filter and servoing the frequency and Q-factor controls so that the drive signals are compensated for temperature drifts, manufacturing tolerances, and other problems while a buffer amplifier is used between the master oscillator and the frequency and gain control loops for isolating the master oscillator reference circuit from the loading of the loops and from the perturbation introduced by the frequency reference signal; a frequency shifting circuit in the frequency control loop permits the reference signal to be shifted to a lower or higher frequency than that of the master oscillator.
    • 负电阻发生器包括第一和第二端子; 在端子之间串联连接的第一和第二电感器; 以及半导体放大装置,其具有连接到第一端子的第一控制电极和连接到第二端子的第一有源电极和连接到电感器的结的第二有源电极。 当用于有源滤波器谐振器时,第一可变电容器与电感器互连,用于设定谐振器的谐振频率。 谐振器可以组合在有源滤波器与传输线之间,其中每个谐振器通过从输入到输出的电阻减小而互连到线路上,以平衡谐振器所经受的rf电流。 通过使用主振荡器实现改进的双环有源滤波器控制系统,该主振荡器采用与滤波器中的有源滤波器谐振器匹配的谐振器,并且对频率和Q因子控制进行伺服,以便驱动信号被补偿温度漂移, 制造公差和其他问题,而在主振荡器和频率和增益控制回路之间使用缓冲放大器,用于将主振荡器参考电路与负载环路以及由频率参考信号引入的扰动隔离; 频率控制环路中的频移电路允许参考信号被转换到比主振荡器更低或更高的频率。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Overload compensation circuit for antenna tuning system
    • 天线调谐系统过载补偿电路
    • US3613008A
    • 1971-10-12
    • US3613008D
    • 1969-05-15
    • MOTOROLA INC
    • JABBAR KAMIL Y
    • H04B1/18H03G3/20H03G3/30H03J3/04H03J3/18
    • H03G3/3052H03J3/185
    • A radio receiver is supplied with signals from a high impedance capacitive antenna coupled in series with a low impedance resistive load in the form of the emitter-base circuit of a common-base RF transistor amplifier through a series-tuned circuit, including a varactor diode connected in series with an inductor. A source of DC biasing potential is provided to vary the biasing voltage on the diode in order to change its capacitance to tune the circuit over a predetermined band of frequencies. Overload compensation for the varactor diode is provided by utilizing the automatic gain control (AGC) voltage of the receiver, with the AGC voltage being applied to the base of the RF amplifier transistor to vary the biasing potential thereon. This in turn causes a corresponding variation in the impedance of the emitter-base path of the transistor with an increasing impedance being caused by increased signal levels. As a result, increasing amounts of the signal supplied by the antenna are dropped across the emitter-base path of the transistor at high signal levels, thereby limiting the RF signal level across the varactor diode to prevent rectification of high level signals thereby.