Document	Document Title
US08995971B2	Mobile communication terminal and web page control method thereof A method of controlling a mobile communication terminal method includes receiving Internet tag information identifying an Internet address, providing a menu screen on a display of the terminal so that a user can select representative image data that visually represents to the user the Internet address, linking the representative image data selected by the user with the Internet tag information and displaying the representative image data on a display of the mobile communication terminal.
US08995966B2	Radio interface layer design for smartphones A method and system communicates a request between a user application and a modem within a wireless communication device. A radio interface layer (RIL) architecture includes an application framework which receives a hardware specific request as a first application programming interface (API) call from the user application. In response to receiving the request, the application framework sends a corresponding, second API call to a vendor radio interface layer (Vendor RIL) which provides an interface configured for communicating with a specific type of transceiver or modem. In one embodiment, the second API call is transmitted via a Java Native interface (JNI). The JNI provides access to software programs associated with the transceiver, which programs are written in a language that is different from Java. The Vendor RIL communicates with the modem using a modem protocol software corresponding to the specific type of modem to perform commands associated with the request.
US08995964B2	Schedule managing apparatus and method in mobile terminal A mobile terminal including a broadcast receiver configured to receive broadcast program information related to available broadcast programs, a memory configured to store user-schedule information and the received broadcast program information, and a controller configured to update the stored user-schedule information to include a broadcast schedule corresponding to a broadcast program selected from the available broadcast programs included in the broadcast program information.
US08995958B2	System and method for limiting mobile device functionality The present invention relates to systems and methods that employ various mechanisms to selectively disable mobile device functionality. In general, mobile devices can be utilized to store personal and/or highly sensitive information such as bank account numbers, social security numbers, credit card numbers and the like. If the mobile device is lost or stolen, data stored within the device can be accessed by an unauthorized user; and, thus, any personal and/or highly sensitive information can be obtained. In order to mitigate unauthorized access, the subject invention provides a disabling component that communicates with the lost or stolen device to render data stored thereon inaccessible. Further, the data can be stored in local or remote locations to backup stored information, thereby creating a more robust and reliable method of storing information important to the device owner. These features provide enhancements over conventional mobile device security techniques.
US08995957B2	Communication apparatus, communication method and communication system A repeater apparatus includes a network communication unit that acquires, from a server through a network, first terminal identification information for identifying a terminal to be controlled and control information for controlling the terminal to be controlled, a near-field communication unit that acquires, by near-field communication from the terminal, second terminal identification information for identifying the terminal and stored in the terminal, and a comparison unit that decides whether the first terminal identification information agrees with the second terminal identification information. The near-field communication unit transmits the control information to the terminal by near-field communication, in the case where the comparison unit decides that the first terminal identification information agrees with the second terminal identification information.
US08995956B2	System and method for vehicle based cellular offload One or more vehicle communication systems associated with one or more vehicles may be activated. The one or more vehicles may, for example, include a gateway vehicle. A backhaul connection between a vehicle communication system associated with the gateway vehicle and a cellular infrastructure may be established. Signals from the cellular infrastructure may be received at the vehicle communication system associated with gateway vehicle. Using the vehicle communication system associated with the gateway vehicle, the signals received from the cellular infrastructure may be transmitted. Signals from one or more mobile devices may be received using the vehicle communication system associated with the gateway vehicle. The signals received from the one or more mobile devices may be transmitted to the cellular infrastructure using the vehicle communication system associated with the gateway vehicle.
US08995947B2	Configuration of display settings for broadcast messaging while roaming While a mobile wireless device (102) operates in a home region (106), the mobile wireless device (102) displays public broadcast messages in accordance with the default broadcast message display settings (244) for the home region (106). In the event that the mobile wireless device (102) transits to a different region (110) for which region-specific broadcast message display settings have not already been configured, the mobile wireless device (102) queries a user to configure the broadcast message display settings (244) to be used for the new region (110). The display settings for a given region may be stored such that when the mobile wireless device (102) enters a region previously visited, the previously-configured display settings for the previously-visited region may be automatically implemented without user prompting.
US08995945B2	Mobile communicator and system Disclosed herein is a mobile communicator that includes a speed detection system for determining whether the mobile communicator is moving faster than a threshold speed. The mobile communicator further includes a sleep mode wherein both the speed detection system and a second function of the mobile communicator are disabled. An attempt to use the second function causes the mobile communicator to enable the speed detection system. Further, the mobile communicator includes a disabling circuit configured to disable the second function of the mobile communicator if the speed detection system determines that the mobile communicator is moving faster than the threshold speed.
US08995941B2	Methods and apparatus for improved scanning of a radio frequency (RF) band for WLANs in an unknown regulatory domain Techniques are described for use in scanning by a mobile device which is configured to communicate in compliance with regulatory requirements of a regulatory domain based on country information communicated in one or more beacon frames. The mobile device scans a radio frequency (RF) band using passive scan operations on RF channels having passive scan status, where each passive scan operation involves monitoring an RF channel in attempt to decode a beacon frame. When the mobile device successfully decodes, on an RF channel for a passive scan operation, an information frame of a type that is different from a beacon frame, it changes the passive scan status of the RF channel to an active scan status and performs an active scan operation on the RF channel.
US08995934B2	Wireless communications circuitry with a triplexer for separating radio-frequency signals in adjacent frequency bands A wireless electronic device may be used to communicate using multiple wireless standards in adjacent frequency bands. The wireless standards may include Wi-Fi® and cellular standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). The wireless electronic device may be provided with wireless communications circuitry that handles Wi-Fi® and cellular signals in adjacent frequency bands such as the Wi-Fi® 2.4 GHz frequency band and LTE bands 38 and 40. The wireless communications circuitry may include a triplexer interposed between transceiver circuitry and an antenna. The triplexer may be used to handle radio-frequency signals in adjacent frequency bands by separating the radio-frequency signals into signals associated with each frequency band. The triplexer may include filters that each pass signals in a respective one of the frequency bands between the transceiver circuitry and the antenna.
US08995930B2	Method for creating a channel between femto base stations based on user equipment A method for generating a direct or indirect wireless channel between femto base stations. To relieve interference that occurs in user equipment depending on the proximity of the femto base station, a user equipment may derive to generate an inter-femto channel between the femto base stations.
US08995927B2	Communication between a receiver and a transmit controller A method for a radio control transmit controller communicating with exactly one radio control receiver is provided. Two or more identifiers are stored in a radio control transmit controller. Each identifier is an identifier of a radio control transmit controller. The transmit controller receives a link request from a first radio control receiver. The link request includes an identifier of the first receiver. The transmit controller determines if the identifier of the first receiver is in the two or more identifiers. If the identifier of the first receiver is in the two or more identifiers, the transmit controller transmits a link response to the first receiver.
US08995926B2	Methods and apparatus for performing coexistence testing for multi-antenna electronic devices Radio frequency test systems for characterizing antenna performance in various radio coexistence scenarios are provided. In one suitable arrangement, a test system may be used to perform passive radio coexistence characterization. During passive radio coexistence characterization, at least one signal generator may be used to feed aggressor signals directly to antennas within an electronic device under test (DUT). The aggressor signals may generate undesired interference signals in a victim frequency band, which can then be received and analyzed using a spectrum analyzer. During active radio coexistence characterization, at least one radio communications emulator may be used to communicate with a DUT via a first test antenna. While the DUT is communicating with the at least one radio communications emulator, test signals may also be conveyed between DUT 10 and a second test antenna. Test signals conveyed through the second test antenna may be used in obtaining signal interference level measurements.
US08995913B2	Method for performing cooperative function automatically and device using the same A method for performing a cooperative function and a device thereof are provided. It is determined whether another device is in a surrounding area of a device. When it is determined that the other device is in the surrounding area, the cooperative function is performed by the device with the other device according to a location of the other device. Accordingly, the cooperative function may be performed automatically if devices are in adjacent areas without a user's command.
US08995908B2	Mobile communications system providing enhanced out of band (OOB) bluetooth pairing and related methods A communications system may include a communications device including a first Bluetooth transceiver. The first Bluetooth transceiver may comprise a clock. The first Bluetooth transceiver may be capable of scanning a plurality of different operating frequencies for a pairing request based upon the clock. The communications device may further include an output device coupled with the Bluetooth transceiver and capable of outputting data associated with the clock via a communications path different than Bluetooth. The system may also include a mobile communications device including an input device capable of receiving the clock data from the output device via the communications path, and a second Bluetooth transceiver coupled with the input device and capable of generating the pairing request based upon the received clock data.
US08995904B2	Base station, relay station, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method This disclosure relates to a base station where the base station includes a selector that based on wireless communication states with each mobile station, selects a mobile station for which amplification is to be performed at a relay station; and a reporter that reports information related to the mobile station selected by the selector, wherein the reporter has a function of transmitting report information to the relay station and reports as the report information, the information related to the mobile station and information concerning a gain factor that is selected based on the number of mobile stations for which amplification is to be performed.
US08995901B2	Image forming apparatus and rotation control method for motor driving rotation of timing rollers An image forming apparatus having a transport device including a pair of timing rollers, operable to cause a leading edge of a recording sheet to abut a nip portion of the non-rotating timing rollers, and then initiate rotation to transport the sheet toward a transfer position, the transport device comprising: a motor transmitting rotational force to the timing rollers via a power transmission mechanism such that the timing rollers rotate; and a control unit controlling motor rotation, wherein the control unit activates the motor, causes the timing rollers to transport a first recording sheet at a first speed, and stops the motor once transportation is complete, and when a second recording sheet is to be subsequently transported at a different second speed, the control unit causes the timing rollers to execute an idle rotation at the second speed or at another speed, and then stopping, before beginning second sheet transportation.
US08995890B2	Developing device and image forming apparatus having magnetic poles to control the distribution of a magnetic attraction force A developing device includes a developing member including a magnet member on which plural magnetic poles including a developing main magnetic pole are magnetized in a circumferential direction and a developer holder that faces an image supporting member, receives the magnet member, and holds a developer, wherein a distribution of a magnetic attraction force in a circumferential direction has a gradient that increases toward a downstream end from an upstream end of a developing area in a developer transport direction of the developer holder, and the magnetic poles are magnetized on the magnet member so that the amount of the increase of the magnetic attraction force between the upstream end and a middle position of the developing area is larger than that between the middle position and the downstream end.
US08995881B2	Image forming apparatus and image carrier including a backward-rotation-suppressing mechanism An image forming apparatus includes a driving portion configured to generate a driving force, a first magnet configured to rotate when receiving the driving force from the driving portion, a second magnet that faces the first magnet with a gap interposed therebetween and is configured to rotate together with the first magnet while attracting and being attracted by the first magnet with magnetism, a rotating member configured to rotate in a predetermined direction when receiving the driving force from the second magnet, and a backward-rotation-suppressing mechanism configured to suppress rotation of the rotating member in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction.
US08995879B2	Image recording apparatus with first and second pullout units An image recording apparatus includes a first pullout unit, a second pullout unit, and a first lock mechanism. The first unit is movable along a first axis between a first retracted position where the first unit is fully retracted in the apparatus, and a first exposed position where at least one side surface thereof is fully exposed to the front of the apparatus. The second unit is movable along a second axis, which is perpendicular to the first axis, between a second retracted position where the second unit is fully retracted in the first unit, and a second exposed position where the second unit is exposed to a side of the side surface of the first unit. The first lock mechanism prevents movement of the second unit from the second retracted position to the second exposed position when the first unit is not in the first exposed position.
US08995873B2	System and method for refurbishing print cartridges and print cartridge toner blades A refurbished toner blade for a toner cartridge and a method for refurbishing a toner blade for a toner cartridge are provided. The refurbished toner blade includes a fixed portion configured for attachment to a portion of a toner cartridge, a depending portion extending away from the fixed portion, and a permanent deflection that is formed during refurbishment of the toner blade and that extends between the fixed portion and the depending portion. The refurbished toner blade is formed from a used toner blade in which the depending portion has obtained a permanent deformation in a first direction after an initial period of use. The permanent deflection deflects the depending portion in a second direction opposite the first direction.
US08995870B2	Belt cleaning device and image forming apparatus having the same A belt cleaning device includes a collection roller, a cleaning blade, a sealing member, a first thrust mechanism, and a second thrust mechanism. The collection roller collects remaining toner on an intermediate transfer belt. The cleaning blade extends along the collection roller and scrapes off the toner of a surface of the collection roller. The sealing member softly comes into contact with the surface of the collection roller and prevents counterflow of the toner. The first thrust mechanism displaces the collection roller in its rotating shaft direction by a rotational driving force transmitted to the collection roller and the second thrust mechanism thrusts the cleaning blade in the rotating shaft direction of the collection roller in a thrust cycle shorter than that of the collection roller based on the first thrust mechanism.
US08995858B2	Power supply device and image formation apparatus A power supply device includes: a power supply part to convert an AC voltage from an AC power source into a direct current and output a DC voltage; a zero cross detector to detect zero cross timings of AC voltage; and a power supply controller to control supply of the AC voltage to the power supply part and the zero cross detector based on the zero cross timing.
US08995847B2	Cartridge and image forming apparatus provided therewith A cartridge includes: a frame; a rotation body; a driving force transmission unit; a closing member; and a moving member. The frame is formed with a filling port for filling an internal space of the cartridge with a developing agent therethrough. The closing member is configured to close the filling port. The moving member is configured to be irreversibly moved to one of a covered position and an exposed position by an external driving force transmitted through the driving force transmission unit. The moving member covers at least a portion of the closing member when the moving member is at the covered position. The moving member exposes the closing member when the moving member is at the exposed position. The exposed position provides an exposing degree greater than that at the covered position.
US08995841B1	Beam path adaptation system and method for free space optical communications systems A system and method in the field of free space optical communications (FSOC) for overcoming atmospheric-induced spatial optical signal variations operates within each of two FSOC terminals that make up a bi-directional FSOC link, with each terminal providing the rapid adaptive beam path method over a much wider field of view than typically used for adaptive optical techniques. Each terminal uses a real-time adaptive beam-steering technique that continuously measures optical power and optical power gradients by the receiver optical detectors; this data is sent to a control system that automatically responds by re-aligning the optical system accordingly by maximizing the optical signal power measured by the optical power receiving detector.
US08995839B2	Method and apparatus for performing data rate conversion and phase alignment A gearbox IC is incorporated into an optical communications system to enable an optical link that incorporates the system to achieve data rates that are at least double that which are currently achievable in optical links. The gearbox IC performs data rate conversion and phase alignment. In the transmit direction, the gearbox IC receives N lanes of electrical data signals having a data rate of X Gbps and outputs N/2 lanes of electrical data signals having a data rate of 2X Gbps. In the receive direction, the gearbox IC receives N/2 electrical data signals having a data rate of 2X Gbps and converts the N/2 electrical data signals into N electrical data signals having a data rate of X.
US08995838B1	Waveguide assembly for a microwave receiver with electro-optic modulator A waveguide assembly for a use with, for example, a microwave receiver. The waveguide assembly includes: a waveguide; a tapered structure disposed within the waveguide, the tapered structure tapering in thickness from a first end with a zero height to a second end where the tapered structure has a height which nearly fills, but does not completely fill, the waveguide, to thereby define a modulator receiving space between the tapered structure and an adjacent wall of said waveguide. The second end of the tapered structure is preferably disposed adjacent an open circuited end of the waveguide. An electro-optic modulator is disposed on a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate being disposed at least partially within the modulator receiving space and the electro-optic modulator being disposed so that it is located, in use, at an antinode of a standing wave of the waveguide assembly.
US08995834B2	Blind equalization for polarization-switched QPSK optical communications An apparatus, e.g. an optical receiver, includes an optical front end and an equalizer. The front end is configured for receiving an optical signal bearing first and second symbols on respective first and second polarization channels. The equalizer is configured to 1) select a first cost function if the first symbol has greater energy than the second symbol, 2) select a second different cost function if the second symbol has a greater energy than the first symbol, and 3) based on the selected cost function, update coefficients of an adaptive filter configured to demultiplex and equalize the first and second polarization channels.
US08995827B2	System and method for finding partially disjoint paths for spare capacity allocation in shared backup path protection for dual fiber cuts System and method embodiments are provided herein to obtain minimum or optimal spare capacity allocation (SCA) using partial disjoint paths (PDP) for bi-connected network topology. Both an integer linear programming (ILP) optimization model and an approximation algorithm, referred to herein as Successive Survivable Routing (SSR), are formulated for resolving the SCA with PDP. The embodiments include assigning a working path and a primary backup path on two disjoint routes between two end nodes, and assigning a plurality of secondary backup paths that are partially disjoint and that each pass through one fiber cut group on one of the two disjoint routes and all remaining fiber cut groups on the other one of the two disjoint routes. Each of the fiber cut groups includes all fiber cut pairs on both disjoint routes that have the same effect of interrupting a flow on both disjoint routes.
US08995822B2	Sentiment mapping in a media content item A media content item is evaluated for its “sentiment states.” That is, segments of the content item are determined to be, for example, “happy,” “exciting,” “sad,” “funny,” and the like. A “sentiment map” is created that delimits segments of the content item and contains the sentiment-state keywords associated with the segments. Some maps include an amplitude for each assigned sentiment keyword and a confidence value for the segment delimitation and for each keyword. As an exemplary use of the sentiment map, an advertisement broker matches the sentiments of his advertisement offerings with segments of a content item in order to place appropriate advertisements at times when they would be most favorably received. In another example, a recommender system recommends to a user a content item whose sentiment map compares favorably to that of a content item already enjoyed by the user.
US08995804B2	Monolithic integrated structure comprising a buried heterostructure semiconductor optical amplifier and a photodetector A monolithic integrated structure comprising a buried heterostructure semiconductor optical amplifier and a deep ridge optical receiver comprising such structure are disclosed.
US08995799B2	Optoelectronic chips including coupler region and methods of manufacturing the same An optoelectronic chip including a coupler region, and a method of manufacturing the same, include a substrate; a coupler region formed of a material having a refractive index lower than the substrate and surrounded by the substrate. The coupler region includes a total reflection surface that totally reflects light incident through a surface of the substrate into the substrate or emits light guided in the substrate through the surface of the substrate.
US08995794B2	System for non-destructive image processing An image processor comprises a plurality of processing modules coupled together in series. Each of at least two of the processing modules includes an image data input to receive at least one of i) an original image or ii) image data output by a previous processing module in the series. Each of the at least two of the processing modules also includes a processing unit configured to i) detect that image data is to be generated and ii) process image data received via the at least one image data input to generate image data. Each of the at least two of the processing modules also includes a memory to store image data generated by the processing unit.
US08995793B1	Moving object super-resolution systems and methods In some approaches, super-resolution of static and moving objects can be performed. Results of moving object super-resolution may be improved by means of performing image co-registration. The quality of images of moving objects in an automated form may be improved. A sequence of images may be processed wherein objects can be detected and tracked in succeeding frames. A small region around a tracked object may be extracted in each frame. These regions may be co-registered to each other using frequency domain techniques. A set of co-registered images may be used to perform super-resolution of the tracked object. Also described are image processing systems and articles of manufacture having a machine readable storage medium and executable program instructions.
US08995782B2	System and method for enhancing the legibility of degraded images Disclosed are embodiments for a system, method, and computer program product for performing an process on an original image, the process being implemented by a computer system performs a comprising the at least one computer: performing an process on an image that renders the processed image legible than then the original image, wherein the analysis segregates dark pixels of the image from light pixels of the image. The method can comprise: first converting the image into a grayscale image. The method comprises processing a pixel area for each pixel of the image is a dark pixel or a light pixel and determining if a pixel is proximate to an edge.
US08995781B2	Method and apparatus for deblurring non-uniform motion blur using multi-frame including blurred image and noise image A method and apparatus for deblurring a non-uniform motion blur using a multi-frame including a blurred image and a noise image is provided. The apparatus may provide a clearer image by estimating non-uniform motion blur information of the blurred image using the multi-frame, and performing estimation of the non-uniform motion blur information and obtaining of a latent image iteratively, thereby improving accuracy for estimating the non-uniform motion blur information, and reducing a processing time.
US08995780B2	Compression of digital images of scanned documents A method for creating a binary mask image from an inputted digital image of a scanned document, including the steps of creating a binarized image by binarizing the inputted digital image, detecting first text regions representing light text on a dark background, and inverting the first text regions, such that the inverted first text regions are interpretable in the same way as dark text on a light background. A method for comparing in a binary image a first pixel blob with a second pixel blob to determine whether they represent matching symbols, including the steps of detecting a line in one blob not present in the other and/or determining if one of the blobs represents an italicized symbol where the other does not.
US08995779B2	Image processing device and method for generating a prediction image Generating a prediction image by performing motion compensation by using a motion vector of an encoded image, with a frame formed of a decoded image serving as a reference frame, to generate a first motion compensation image corresponding to a prediction image; and generating the prediction image by performing a filtering process on at least two motion-compensated images by using a correlation in a time direction included in the first motion compensation image and a second motion compensation image.
US08995762B2	Image processing apparatus and non-transitory computer readable medium for obtaining similarity between a local color displacement distribution and an extracted color displacement An image processing apparatus includes a color displacement calculation unit, a distribution obtaining unit, and a similarity calculation unit. The color displacement calculation unit calculates local color displacements that are color displacements locally occurring in individual regions of interest of a given image. The distribution obtaining unit obtains distribution of the local color displacements with respect to an extracted-color displacement that is a displacement of a color preset in a reference region set for the regions of interest. The similarity calculation unit calculates similarity to the extracted-color displacement for the regions of interest using the distribution.
US08995756B2	3D vision processing Methods and apparatuses are described for processing 3D vision algorithms. A 3D vision processor device comprises one or more 3D vision processing cores. Each 3D vision processing core includes one or more memory blocks for storing location values associated with 3D point cloud images and an arithmetic logic unit coupled to the one or more memory modules. The arithmetic logic unit includes a plurality of memory registers for temporarily storing location values associated with a point in a 3D point cloud image and a processing unit coupled to the plurality of memory registers for performing arithmetic operations on the location values stored in the memory registers, the arithmetic operations used for 3D vision processing algorithms. The 3D vision processing core also includes a communication link for transferring data between the arithmetic logic unit and the memory modules.
US08995744B2	Cart inspection for suspicious items Methods and apparatus provide for a Cart Inspector to create a suspicion level for a transaction when a video image of the transaction portrays an item(s) left in a shopping cart. Specifically, the Cart Inspector obtains video data associated with a time(s) of interest. The video data originates from a video camera that monitors a transaction area. The Cart Inspector analyzes the video data with respect to target image(s) associated with a transaction in the transaction area during the time(s) of interest. The Cart Inspector creates an indication of a suspicion level for the transaction based on analysis of the target image(s). Creation of a high suspicion level for the transaction indicates that the transaction's corresponding video images most likely portray occurrences where the purchase price of an item transported through the transaction area was not included in the total amount paid by the customer.
US08995737B2	Image processing apparatus and image processing method An image processing apparatus includes a planar image acquisition unit configured to acquire a planar image of a subject, a tomographic image acquisition unit configured to acquire a tomographic image indicating a polarization state of the subject based on beams of different polarizations obtained by splitting a beam into which a return beam from the subject irradiated with a measuring beam and a reference beam corresponding to the measuring beam have been combined, and a display control unit configured to cause, in a case where a designation unit designates a portion of the tomographic image indicating the polarization state displayed on a display unit, position information indicating a position corresponding to the portion designated by the designation unit to be displayed on the planar image displayed on the display unit.
US08995736B2	System and method for prostate visualization and cancer detection A method, system, and computer-readable medium for detecting a disease of a prostate. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can include receiving an image dataset acquired with at least one acquisition mode; segmenting a region of interest including the prostate from the dataset; applying conformal mapping to map the region of interest to a canonical shape; generating a 3D visualization of the prostate using the canonically mapped dataset; and applying computer aided detection (CAD) to the canonically mapped volume to detect a region of disease of the organ.
US08995734B2	Image processing method and system A method of processing image data including performing a first mapping, of a first image dataset to a first reference, performing a second mapping, of a second image dataset to a second reference, and using the first mapping and the second mapping to correlate at least one position in the first image dataset to at least one position in the second image dataset.
US08995732B2	System and method for digital tooth imaging Method and system for managing multiple impressions of a patient's jaw for an orthodontic treatment is provided. The method includes scanning at least a first impression and a second impression of same jaw for the orthodontic treatment; determining if the first jaw impression and the second jaw impression have distortion in different areas; selecting the first jaw impression or the second jaw impression as a base impression; and replacing a distorted tooth data from the base impression with data for the same tooth from a non-base impression. The method also includes scanning at least a first jaw impression for the orthodontic treatment; scanning a bite impression for the orthodontic treatment; matching the scanned first jaw impression with the scanned bite impression; comparing bite information with a tooth occlusal surface; and determining if reconstruction is to be performed on the tooth occlusal surface.
US08995724B2	Remote sensing analysis of forest disturbances The present invention provides systems and methods to automatically analyze Landsat satellite data of forests. The present invention can easily be used to monitor any type of forest disturbance such as from selective logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, natural hazards (fire, wind events, storms), etc. The present invention provides a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote sensing analysis of such disturbances.
US08995721B1	Using object appearance changes due to high reflectivity for feature detection Methods and apparatus are disclosed related to classifying illuminated objects. A computing device can receive a sequence of images including first and second images. The first image can be of an environment of a vehicle taken at a first time. The second image can be of the environment of the vehicle taken at a second time. The vehicle can include a light source that illuminates a portion of the environment. The first and second times can differ. The computing device can detect an object having a first size and a first brightness in the first image. The computing device can detect the object having a second size and a second brightness in the second image. The computing device can classify the object based on a brightness difference between the first brightness and second brightness and a size difference between the first size and second size.
US08995719B2	Techniques for improved image disparity estimation Techniques for improved image disparity estimation are described. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may comprise a processor circuit and an imaging management module, and the imaging management module may be operable by the processor circuit to determine a measured horizontal disparity factor and a measured vertical disparity factor for a rectified image array, determine a composite horizontal disparity factor for the rectified image array based on the measured horizontal disparity factor and an implied horizontal disparity factor, and determine a composite vertical disparity factor for the rectified image array based on the measured vertical disparity factor and an implied vertical disparity factor. Other embodiments are described and claimed.
US08995716B1	Image search results by seasonal time period Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for retrieving images based on a seasonal time period. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a query including image data defining an image depicting a subject. A location at which the image was captured by an image capturing device is determined. One or more additional images of the subject that were captured by an image capturing device at the identified location are identified. At least a portion of the additional images are provided in response to receiving the query.
US08995715B2	Face or other object detection including template matching A template matching module is configured to program a processor to apply multiple differently-tuned object detection classifier sets in parallel to a digital image to determine one or more of an object type, configuration, orientation, pose or illumination condition, and to dynamically switch between object detection templates to match a determined object type, configuration, orientation, pose, blur, exposure and/or directional illumination condition.
US08995705B2	Multi-layer armature for moving armature receiver A multi-layer armature for a moving armature receiver. The armature includes a first armature layer and a displacement region. The first armature layer includes a first surface and a second armature layer having a second surface positioned adjacent to the first surface. The displacement region provides relative displacement between the armature layers.
US08995704B2	Micro-speaker A micro-speaker includes a frame, a diaphragm mounted on the frame, a magnetic system received in the frame and defining a magnetic gap, a voice coil driving the diaphragm and suspended in the magnetic gap, and a suspension having a body portion and at least a pair of connecting portion extending from the body portion and mounted on the frame. The body portion of the suspension connects with the voice coil and far away from the diaphragm for cooperating with the diaphragm to fix the coil firmly, thereby ensuring the vibrating of the diaphragm is stable and balanced.
US08995698B2	Visual speech mapping Described herein are an apparatus and method for displaying the signal processing effects of a hearing upon speech. Such visual speech mapping may include displaying text corresponding to words spoken to a patient wearing a hearing aid as derived from an input signal derived from the hearing aid. The text is displayed with indicia representing the effects of the signal processing function performed by the hearing aid upon individual letters or groups of letters.
US08995689B2	Electronic device circuitry for communicating with accessories Electronic devices and accessories such as headsets for electronic devices are provided. A microphone may be included in an accessory to capture sound for an associated electronic device. Buttons and other user interfaces may be included in the accessories. An accessory may have an audio plug that connects to a mating audio jack in an electronic device, thereby establishing a wired communications link between the accessory and the electronic device. The electronic device may include power supply circuitry for applying bias voltages to the accessory. The bias voltages may bias a microphone and may adjust settings in the accessory such as settings related to operating modes. User input information may be conveyed between the accessory and the electronic device using ultrasonic tone transmission. The electronic device may also gather input from the accessory using a voltage detector coupled to lines in the communications path.
US08995685B2	Apparatus, systems and methods for limiting output volume of a media presentation device Volume limiting systems and methods are operable to limit volume output from media presentation devices. An exemplary embodiment detects a sound using a microphone, wherein the sound corresponds to an audio output of at least one controlled media presentation device, and wherein the microphone is remotely located from the at least one controlled media presentation device; compares a level of the detected sound with a predefined maximum volume limit; generates a volume output limit command in response to the detected sound exceeding the predefined maximum volume limit; and communicates the volume output limit command to the media presentation device. The media presentation device then reduces a volume level of its audio output. In some instances, volume may be limited during user specified periods.
US08995680B2	Power-saving monitoring circuit applied to an electrostatic earphone having a thin film and a plurality of electrode plates A power-saving monitoring circuit is applied in an electrostatic earphone having a thin film and a plurality of electrode plates. In the power-saving monitoring circuit, an input unit receives an audio frequency signal; an output unit outputs the audio frequency signal to the electrode plates through; a detection unit detects the audio frequency signal and generates a control signal corresponding to the audio frequency signal to control a switch unit coupled to a power supply unit; a switch unit supplies a first voltage generated by the power supply unit to the driving module; a driving module converts the first voltage into a second voltage to drive the thin film. Since the switch unit cannot supply the first voltage to the driving module through, the driving module needs not to convert the first voltage. The electrostatic earphone is driven by the audio frequency signal automatically to achieve the power-saving effect.
US08995675B2	Methods and systems for direct-to-indirect acoustic radiance transfer Methods, systems, and computer program products for simulating propagation of sound in a static scene can be operated for pre-computing a transfer operator for simulating results of sound reflection within a modeled scene, simulating distribution of sound energy from a sound source positioned within the scene, applying the transfer operator to the distribution of sound energy from the sound source to compute simulated sound at a plurality of points within the scene, and simulating collection of sound energy from the plurality of points within the scene to a listener positioned within the scene.
US08995671B2	Sound processing device, sound processing method, and sound processing program A sound processing device includes a storage unit configured to store first operation data corresponding to a motion of a mechanical apparatus and a first sound feature value corresponding to the motion in correlation with each other, a noise estimating unit configured to estimate a third sound feature value corresponding to a noise component based on a second sound feature value corresponding to an acquired sound signal, a sound feature value processing unit configured to calculate a target sound feature value from which the noise component is removed based on the second sound feature value and the third sound feature value, and an updating unit that updates the first sound feature value stored in the storage unit based on detected second operation data and the third sound feature value estimated by the noise estimating unit.
US08995670B2	Systems and methods for local and remote recording, monitoring, control and/or analysis of sounds generated in information handling system environments Systems and methods are disclosed that may be implemented to locally and remotely record, control, monitor and analyze sounds generated in an information handling system environment, e.g., such as in a server environment. Among other things, remote monitoring and observation of sound in a data center environment may be implemented to assist administrators with data center management and forensics analysis related to physical chassis events (e.g., such as chassis access and/or chassis intrusion), as well as providing live streaming, and local technician recorded sound bite capabilities. A sound policy may also be implemented involving server sound optimizations that works in conjunction with system thermal and power algorithms.
US08995668B2	Privacy management for tracked devices A system is disclosed that protects private data of users while permitting the monitoring or tracking of electronic devices that are shared for both business and private purposes. The electronic devices may be configured to selectively encrypt location data, and/or other types of data, before such data is transmitted to a monitoring center. For example, data collected or generated on a user device outside of work hours may be encrypted with a private key of the device's user prior to transmission to the monitoring center, so that the data is not accessible to the employer. Data collected or generated during work hours may be transmitted without such encryption.
US08995663B2	Method for implementing an encryption engine by smart key device Disclosed is a method for implementing an encryption engine, which includes: when an engine binding interface is called, a hardware encryption engine establishes a connection with a hardware encryption equipment, acquires an algorithm list of said equipment, and fills a first data structure; when a key initialization interface is called, said engine, according to the transmitted first data structure, sets an encryption/decryption algorithm to be used by said equipment, and retrieves a corresponding algorithm key; and if no algorithm key is retrieved, said engine controls said equipment to create said algorithm key; when a data encryption/decryption interface is called, said engine, according to the currently set encryption/decryption algorithm and said algorithm key, controls said equipment to perform an encryption/decryption operation on the transmitted data. The present invention can add or extend the encryption/decryption algorithm that can only be implemented in hardware to a software algorithm library.
US08995661B2	Information provision system, provision information copying device, user terminal device and user management device A content encryption device generates encrypted content and an encrypted content copying device copies the encrypted content on an information storage medium. The storage medium is sold at a charge or distributed at no charge. A user gets the storage medium to connect or set it to or in a user terminal device, accesses to a user management device to receive permission by authentication information distributed together with the storage medium and presents a part or a whole of medium information to a content key distribution device. The distribution device makes a content key encryption device issue an encrypted content key on the basis of the presented information and distributes it to the terminal device.
US08995658B2	Physics-based key generation In some examples, a controller is configured to generate a key based on a physics-based output of a component. The controller may, for example, use the key to authenticate communication between at least two nodes, to encrypt data, or to decrypt data, may be generated based on a physics-based output generated a component. The output generated by the component may vary over time, such that the controller is configured to generate a different key, depending on the time at which the output from the component used to generate the key was generated by the component. In some examples, the key is not stored in a memory, and is a discrete signal that only exists in real-time while the component is active and generating the detectable output.
US08995654B2	Method for verifying correct encryption key utilization A method for sending encrypted data in response to a request for an I/O operation. The method includes the steps of requesting a data encryption key, the request including one or more identifiers unique to the I/O operation; receiving a data encryption key attached with a first key use fingerprint, independently generating a second key use fingerprint in response to the one or more identifiers; comparing the first and the second key use fingerprints; and if the first key use fingerprint matches the second key use fingerprint, using the data encryption key to encrypt the data to be sent. In one embodiment, the one or more identifiers include at least one of a target identifier, a LUN identifier, and a LBA range identifier.
US08995653B2	Generating a secret key from an asymmetric private key Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to symmetric key generation and provide a method, system and computer program product for symmetric key generation using an asymmetric private key. In one embodiment, a symmetric key generation data processing system can include a symmetric key generator configured with a programmatic interface including an input parameter for a seed, an input parameter for an asymmetric private key, and an output parameter for a symmetric key. The symmetric key generator can include program code enabled to generate the symmetric key by encrypting the seed with the asymmetric private key.
US08995651B1	Multiple algorithm cryptography system A system includes an interface module, an addressing module, and a multiplier module. The interface module is configured to (i) receive operands and configuration data for a Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) operation or an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) operation, and (ii) control access to a random access memory (RAM). The addressing module is configured to allocate memory space within the RAM for storage of the operands. The multiplier module includes a Montgomery multiplier configured to perform Montgomery multiplication operation for both the RSA operation and the ECC operation.
US08995643B2	System and method of intelligent call routing for cross sell offer selection based on optimization parameters or account-level data An apparatus and methods for a call routing system is disclosed whereby the call routing service provider is associated with a series of partners. By providing a system supporting not only the main user, but also the partners, efficiencies are gained through cost-spreading. Agents can be qualified to field calls for multiple business entities. Cross-selling and proactive servicing based on caller demographic and profile data can be effectuated. The system employs a centralized or global bank of shared Interactive Voice Response (IVR) units so that unnecessary post-routing and call site interflow are reduced. The system comprises a central server system that interfaces with a long distance provider so that route requests are received, caller data is retrieved from one or more databases, routing and handling strategies are developed, load balancing is effectuated, and calls are appropriately routed to one of a plurality of geographically separated call center systems with queues staffed by agents. Each call center system is designed to support various queues, and agents may be qualified or assigned to various queues based on their skill sets and skill levels.
US08995642B1	System and method for managing customer communications over communication channels Systems and methods for managing customer communications over communication channels are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a method for receiving consent from a customer to be contacted on the customer's cellular phone may include (1) communicating, over a first communication channel, with a customer; (2) using at least one computer processor, prompting the customer for customer consent to be contacted on the customer's cellular phone; (3) receiving, from the customer, a response to the prompt for customer consent; and (4) storing the response in a database.
US08995640B2	Call forwarding initiation system and method A method and system creates on a portable electronic device a real-time graphical view of an in-store product display that pinpoints the location of one or more target products on the product display. The graphical view is generated by capturing image data, such as a video feed of the in-store product display, and processing the data to initiate the one or more target products based on predefined product recognition criteria uniquely associated with the respective target products.
US08995637B2	System and method of advanced call routing in mass telephony conference calls The present invention relates to performing advanced call routing in a mass telephone conference call, including: checking a conferee list to determine whether a telephone number is a ported number; creating a list of carriers for each ported number on the conferee list, which provides a list of the carriers for each ported number; arranging the list of the carriers in order based upon cost, from least expensive to most expensive, for the call; placing the call to each conferee based upon the ordered list of the carriers, starting with the least expensive to the most expensive of the carriers for each ported number; and wherein when the least expensive of the carriers is unavailable, placing the telephone call to a next one of the carriers on the ordered list, from the least expensive to the most expensive of the carriers.
US08995632B1	System, method, and computer program for detecting duplicated telecommunications events in a consumer telecommunications network A system, method, and computer program product are provided for detecting duplicated telecommunications events in a consumer telecommunications network. In use, a first telecommunications event and associated first event data are received. One or more fields of data are extracted from the first event data. Additionally, a single data string is generated from the extracted one or more fields of data. Further, a hash function is utilized to create a first event signature corresponding to the single data string from the extracted one or more fields of data. In addition, a first event signature hint is extracted from the first event signature, the first event signature hint including a portion of the first event signature. Furthermore, it is determined whether the first event signature hint exists in a signature hint hash table. Responsive to determining that the first event signature hint does not exist in the signature hint hash table, the first event signature hint is stored in the signature hint hash table and the first event data associated with the first telecommunications event is stored in a telecommunications event storage. Additionally, responsive to determining that the first event signature hint exists in the signature hint hash table, it is determined whether the first telecommunications event is identical to a previously received second telecommunications event stored in the telecommunications event storage. Moreover, responsive to determining that the first telecommunications event is identical to the previously received second telecommunications event stored in the telecommunications event storage, the first telecommunications event and the second telecommunications event are designated as a duplicate event.
US08995628B2	System and method for the creation and automatic deployment of personalized, dynamic and interactive voice services with closed loop transaction processing A method and system for accomplishing closed-loop transaction processing in conjunction with interactive, real-time, voice transmission of information to a user is disclosed. A voice-based communication between a user and a first system is established and a report is transmitted to the user. The report might comprise information and at least one request for user input based on said information. In response to the report, the user can request a transaction based on said information. The requested transaction is completed automatically by connecting to a second system for processing.
US08995619B2	Personnel screening system The present specification discloses an inspection system for detecting objects being carried by a person who is moving along a pathway. The inspection system has two detection systems configured to detect radiation scattered from the person as the person moves along the pathway and an X-ray source positioned between the detection systems. The X-ray source is configured to generate a vertical beam spot pattern and does not generate beams that move horizontally.
US08995605B2	Lid frame for nuclear fuel assembly shipping container and shipping container for nuclear fuel assemblies A lid frame for a nuclear fuel assembly shipping container and a shipping container for nuclear fuel assemblies are provided. The shipping container can include a lower container in which a cradle is installed, an upper container detachably coupled to the lower container, and a base frame coupled to the cradle with at least one nuclear fuel assembly placed thereon. The lid frame can include a plurality of supports installed apart from each other so as to surround the nuclear fuel assembly placed on the base frame, and a plurality of clamps separated from each other, coupled to the plurality of supports perpendicular to the plurality of supports, rotatably hinged to the base frame, and configured to clamp the nuclear fuel assembly. The lid frame safely protects the nuclear fuel assembly that is being transported.
US08995602B2	Method of checking installed state of jet pump beam A jet pump beam (hereinafter, referred to as a beam) is fitted into a pair of projecting portions installed to a transition piece, and after the beam is arched, a beam bolt engaged with the beam is tightened. An end of the beam bolt comes in contact with a top surface of an insert member fitted into an elbow disposed between the pair of projecting portions. An ultrasonic sensor head is fixed to the beam bolt, and ultrasonic waves are sent to the beam bolt from the ultrasonic sensor in the ultrasonic sensor head. An ultrasonic measuring apparatus obtains echo intensity of each of reflected waves generated at the end of the beam bolt and a bottom surface of the insert member, and based on the echo intensities, an echo intensity ratio R is calculated. The installed state of the beam is checked using the echo intensity ratio R.
US08995600B1	CMOS interpolator for a serializer/deserializer communication application A phase interpolator (PI) is provided to adjust the phase of a clock such that the phase is aligned to an incoming data pattern from a data stream. The data can be captured from a device such as a flip-flop or the like. The present technique uses a PI (digital to phase) and a digital state machine in a feedback loop to set the correct digital code to the PI inputs to achieve an appropriate clock phase. Of course, there can be variations.
US08995598B2	Low jitter clock recovery circuit A clock recovery circuit includes a first phase detector for measuring the phase difference between a first clock signal from a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a data signal. A phase shifter responsive to a control signal based on this phase difference adjusts the phase of an incoming clock signal to yield a second clock signal. The phase difference between the first clock signal and the second clock signal is measured and the resulting signal is low-pass filtered to derive a control signal for controlling the VCO. The phase locked loop including the VCO filters out jitter.
US08995592B2	Signaling to support advanced wireless receivers and related devices and methods Various devices and methods are provided that use signaling to support advanced wireless receivers. For example, a method includes receiving an input signal at a user equipment. The input signal includes a desired signal and an interfering signal, where the desired signal defines symbols using constellations. The method also includes obtaining information identifying a wireless channel used by the interfering signal and a modulation type used to modulate data in the interfering signal. The method further includes recovering the symbols from the desired signal using the information.
US08995575B2	Modulation signals for a satellite navigation system Techniques for processing a navigation signal are disclosed. In one particular embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method processing a navigation signal, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, using a receiver, the navigation signal, the navigation signal comprising a carrier signal, a data signal and at least one ranging code modulated by at least one stepped subcarrier modulation signal, the at least one stepped subcarrier modulation signal comprising a number, m, of amplitude levels, where m>2, and wherein the amplitude levels have respective magnitudes and durations arranged to influence the power spectrum of the navigation signal is constrained in a predetermined manner, processing the navigation signal to recover the modulated at least one ranging code; and processing the recovered at least one modulated ranging code to recover at least one demodulated ranging code.
US08995573B1	Octagonal quadrature amplitude modulation Octagonal non-rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is disclosed. Grid points from a uniform rectangular grid, which includes points that have equal horizontal and vertical spacing, are selected to form a non-rectangular octagonal grid that approximates an octagonal shape. QAM symbols are mapped to respective grid points in the non-rectangular octagonal grid to form a non-rectangular octagonal QAM constellation that also approximates the octagonal shape. Input signals can then be modulated using the non-rectangular octagonal QAM constellation.
US08995569B2	Quadrature digital-IF transmitter without inter-stage SAW filter and devices using same An RF transmitter comprises a digital-to-IF circuit block configured to receive a digital in-phase baseband signal and a digital quadrature baseband signal and to up-convert the digital in-phase and quadrature baseband signals to a digital in-phase IF signal and to a digital quadrature IF signal. The wireless RF transmitter further comprises an IF-to-RF circuit block configured to convert the digital in-phase and quadrature IF signals to analog signals and to up-convert the analog in-phase and quadrature IF signals to an RF output signal. The digital-to-IF circuit block comprises pre-compensation circuitry configured to reduce analog impairments associated with the IF-to-RF circuit block.
US08995568B1	Phase transformation of repeated signals Devices, systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with phase based transformation of repeated signals are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes duplication logic configured to duplicate a string of data to form a duplicate string of data. Transformation logic is configured to modify phases associated with the string of data to generate a modified string of data. Signal generation logic is configured to generate a signal for wireless transmission where the signal having at least the modified string of data and the duplicate string of data.
US08995565B2	Distortion control device and method This invention includes a waveform analyzing means (13) for calculating an estimated value of a back-off value required by a power amplifier (2), which amplifies a high-frequency signal generated from a baseband signal (I, Q) to a predetermined transmission power, by analyzing the waveform of the baseband signal (I, Q), and a control means (14) for controlling at least one of the amplitude of high-frequency power input to the power amplifier (2) and the supply power of the power amplifier (2) on the basis of the estimated value. The invention calculates the estimated value of a back-off value by analyzing the waveform of a baseband in this manner, and hence need not generate a table in advance by calculating a back-off value for each combination of code channels. The invention can therefore be applied to even a case in which the number of code channels greatly increases, and can effectively prevent an increase in adjacent channel leakage power due to a signal obtained by multiplexing these code channels.
US08995564B2	Transmission protection for wireless communications Systems and techniques for wireless communication are described. A described technique includes performing, at a first device, a sequence with multiple second devices to protect a wireless communication neighborhood of the first device and wireless communication neighborhoods of the second devices for a transmission of a multi-user frame, the multi-user frame including spatially steered data frames that are respectively intended for the second devices; determining bandwidth availabilities for the second devices based on information received from the second devices during the sequence; selecting a bandwidth configuration for the multi-user frame based on the bandwidth availabilities to produce a selected bandwidth configuration that enables the data frames to be spatially steered and transmitted concurrently within the multi-user frame based on a common bandwidth availability among the second devices; and generating and transmitting the multi-user frame to the second devices in accordance with the selected bandwidth configuration.
US08995562B2	Method and apparatus providing protection and DC balance in a communication system A method and apparatus for controlling DC balance in a digital communication system in which data frames are transmitted, wherein the data frames include a header portion that is transmitted unscrambled and a payload portion that is scrambled before transmission. The header portion includes a frame counter field. A value for the frame counter field is randomly generated and an effect on the DC balance is estimated. It is then determined whether the estimated effect on the DC balance meets defined requirements for DC balance. When the estimated effect does not meet the defined requirements for DC balance, a new random value for the frame counter field is generated and checked. When the estimated effect meets the requirements, the randomly generated value is utilized in the frame counter field in transmitted data frames.
US08995550B2	Transmission device, reception device, communication system, and communication method High transmission efficiency is realized by allowing extension to a number of ports greater than the conventional number of ports through efficient signaling. In a communication system, the highest number of ranks that is the number of spatial multiplex of transmission data transmitted to a terminal device from a base station is 8. The base station generates control information including 3-bit rank information indicating the rank of transmission data, and transmits the transmission data, a reference signal used for demodulating a physical downlink shared channel having the transmission data mapped, and the control information. The terminal device receives the transmission data, the reference signal, and the control information to identify the reference signal using the control information.
US08995542B2	Multi transform OFDM systems and methods with low peak to average power ratio signals Various embodiments of the invention are directed to methods and systems for multi transform OFDM transmitter and receivers with low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) signals, that have high bandwidth efficiency and are computational efficient. For example, various embodiments of the transmitter may utilize an architecture comprised of a baseband modulator, a serial to parallel converter, a bank of multiplicity NT orthonormal transforms unit, a bank of multiplicity NT inverse Fourier transforms unit, a dummy symbols generator, and a minimum PAPR evaluation unit for finding the optimum transform index n0. Various embodiments of the receiver may comprise of a transform index detection unit for the detection of the transform index imbedded in the OFDM signal.
US08995535B2	Signaling signed band offset values for sample adaptive offset (SAO) filtering in video coding A method for signaling sample adaptive offset (SAO) band offset syntax elements in a video encoder is provided that includes receiving a plurality of band offset syntax elements, entropy encoding an absolute value of a magnitude of each band offset syntax element in a compressed video bit stream, and entropy encoding a sign of each non-zero band offset syntax element in the compressed video bit stream following the absolute values of the magnitudes.
US08995533B2	Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving FEC frame headers with variable header modulation A frame header of Forward Error Correction (FEC) is provided, suitable for using in the DVB-C2 Standard. In the DVB-C2 Standard, Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) or Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM) is applied to each FEC block to provide as much flexibility as possible. As a result, a frame header is attached in front of each FEC frame to inform the coding rate, modulation type and physical layer pipe identifier. Besides the signaling of physical layer related information, the FEC frame header has to provide a structure so that it can be easily and reliably detected in the receiver. Motivated by the need in DVB-C2 Standard, an efficient and reliable FEC header suitable for DVB-C2 Standard is provided in at least one implementation in this disclosure that combines use of two different modulation types for the header information. In addition, the detection Method of the FEC header is described.
US08995524B2	Image encoding method and image decoding method An example image decoding apparatus and method involves acquiring encoded data including an image code sequence corresponding to a slice of a plurality of slices obtained by dividing a picture of a moving image and first timing information indicating a first time at which the slice is to be decoded and no underflow or overflow occurs in a first virtual reception buffer from which the image code sequence is output in a slice unit. The image code sequence is decoded on the basis of the first timing information.
US08995523B2	Memory efficient context modeling In an example, aspects of this disclosure relate to a method of coding video data that includes determining context information for a block of video data, where the block is included within a coded unit of video data, where the block is below a top row of blocks in the coded unit, and where the context information does not include information from an above-neighboring block in the coded unit. That method also includes entropy coding data of the block using the determined context information.
US08995520B2	Analog continuous-time phase equalizer for data transmission In particular embodiments, a method includes receiving as an input signal a phase-distorted signal or a transmitted-data signal, the phase-distorted signal having been distorted from a phase-equalized signal by transmission across a communication channel, the transmitted-data signal comprising transmitted data; generating a non-derivative version of the input signal by applying a delay operator in a continuous-time domain to the input signal; generating a derivative version of the input signal by applying a derivative operator in a continuous-time domain to the input signal; generating a first product signal by multiplying the non-derivative version of the input signal by a first coefficient, the first coefficient being a positive number; generating a second product signal by multiplying the derivative version of the input signal by a second coefficient, the second coefficient being a negative number; and generating an output signal by summing the first and second product signals.
US08995515B2	Dynamically adjusted OFDM channel estimation filtering in OFDM communications Techniques for performing channel estimation in an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communications system include receiving a plurality of reference signals on a plurality of subcarriers, performing channel estimation to obtain a plurality of raw channel estimates based on the received plurality of reference signals, determining a number of raw channel estimates to be used for a channel estimate refinement and calculating a refined channel estimate using the number of raw channel estimates from the plurality of raw channel estimates.
US08995502B1	Transceiver with spectral analysis A transceiver for a cellular telephone network includes a transmitter and a receiver that receives transmitted signals, as well as a receiver. A spectral analyzer analyzes the received signals and a controller coupled to the spectral analyzer controls the transmitter and receiver as a function of the spectral analyzer analysis.
US08995501B2	Method and apparatus of physical layer network coding Provided is a physical layer network coding method and apparatus. A relay node determines reliabilities of symbols of nodes, based on a signal received from the plurality of nodes, and generates a transmission signal that maintains reliabilities of symbols that have high reliabilities and excludes components of symbols that have low reliabilities. The relay node generates the transmission signal that reduces an expected power of error, based on the received signal.
US08995497B2	Method for operating a secondary station The invention relates to a method for operating a secondary station, the secondary station communicating with at least one primary station by means
US08995490B2	Edge-emitting semiconductor laser diode and method for producing the same An edge-emitting semiconductor laser diode includes an epitactic semiconductor layer stack and a planarization layer. The semiconductor layer stack includes a main body and a ridge waveguide. The main body includes an active layer for generating electromagnetic radiation. The planarization layer embeds the ridge waveguide such that a surface of the ridge waveguide and a surface of the planarization layer form a flat main surface. A method for producing such a semiconductor laser diode is also disclosed.
US08995482B1	High energy semiconductor laser A high energy semiconductor laser capable of high optical efficiency includes a master oscillator coupled to a plurality of slave oscillators, each producing a laser beam that is substantially at the same wavelength as the output beam from the master oscillator. The outputs of the slave oscillators are then coherently combined to a single monochromatic beam having an optical power which is substantially greater than that of beam output from the master oscillator. The slave oscillators can be configured as ring resonators. A suitable ring oscillator can be built by arranging one or more semiconductor diode laser gain media, two or more reflecting mirrors, and at least one semireflective mirror in a ring configuration. A suitable ring oscillator can also be built by machining a solid block to include one or more semiconductor diode laser high gain regions.
US08995474B1	Sidelobe information suppression via antenna mode modulation According to one embodiment of the invention, a method of signal modulation includes modulating a signal by providing respective sets of weights to an active array antenna. Each set of weights specifies the same preferential direction for transmission by the active array antenna, but corresponds to a respective different one of a phase and amplitude of the signal in the preferential direction. The respective ones of a phase in the preferential direction provide modulation of the signal.
US08995472B2	Clock synchronization using correlation events Two clocks may be synchronized by calculating skew and offset values that may be determined from several correlation events. A correlation event may be the passing of messages in both directions between the two devices. The skew and offset values may be used to determine the time of non-correlated events. The clock synchronization may be performed on a real time basis or may be performed on a post processing basis. One method for calculating the skew and offset may use inequalities within a solution space to refine a solution set with multiple sets of correlation events.
US08995466B2	Communications methods and apparatus for using a single logical link with multiple physical layer connections A base station uses a common link layer controller for multiple physical attachment points to facilitate concurrent wireless connections between different sector physical attachment points and a wireless terminal using the same link layer link. A wireless terminal maintains multiple simultaneous wireless connections for the same link layer link. A packet of user data is fragmented into a plurality of grouping of MAC frames, thus a packet portion can be communicated over a connection. A single packet is sometimes communicated with different portions conveyed over different wireless connections. Automatic repeat request, using the common link layer controller, allows for retransmission of a packet portion over a different connection than it was initially transmitted over. A wireless terminal sends connection request messages including lists of link layer identifiers associated with the wireless terminal. A base station responds with an indication of whether logical link state was already present.
US08995463B2	Method, apparatus and system for obtaining key information during fast channel switching Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, apparatus and system for obtaining key information during fast channel switching. A fast channel switching request sent by a terminal is received; at least one data unit bearing key information is generated according to the fast channel switching request; a fast channel switching response message is sent to the terminal, where the response message carries an identifier of a first data unit bearing the key information and the number of data units bearing the key information; and the at least one data unit bearing the key information is sent to the terminal. When the key information is lost, the key information is retransmitted without a need to perform status maintenance, which improves scalability of fast channel switching.
US08995460B1	Embedded control data in communications systems Systems and methods can operate to transmit embedded control data (ECD) information within the payload of packet data. Payload packet data can contain a plurality of data elements of equal value. A transmitter can replace the repeating data elements with ECD information. A receiver can extract the ECD information and replace with the repeating data value to reconstruct the original. ECD information can be communicated between communication systems and between interfaces within a communication system.
US08995457B1	Systems and methods for modifying frames in a network device Methods and systems for a network device are provided. The network device includes a plurality of base-ports, where each base-port is coupled to a plurality of network links and each base-port has a plurality of sub-ports. The network device includes a transmit segment having a modifier shared by the plurality of sub-ports for modifying frames that are modified prior to being transmitted using the plurality of network links. The modifier uses a translation data structure to obtain information to modify a frame before transmission, where the translation data structure includes a plurality of entries, each entry stored in a queue that is uniquely identified by an identifier, and the identifier is extracted from a grant to transmit the frame and then used to obtain frame modification information from one of the plurality of entries. Frame modification when performed by the modifier depends on a frame type and sub-port configuration.
US08995456B2	Space-space-memory (SSM) Clos-network packet switch A Clos-network packet switching system may include input modules coupled to a virtual output queue, central modules coupled to the input modules, and output modules coupled to the central modules, each output module having a plurality of cross-point buffers for storing a packet and one or more output ports for outputting the packet.
US08995450B2	Home gateway expansion As described herein, a gateway device may include one or more expansion ports to add functionality. The added functionality can be of any desired type, such as adding telephone call routing capabilities, or high-definition radio capabilities. The added functionality can include new wireless communication abilities, such as adding Bluetooth capability, and the combination may allow greater networked communication.
US08995447B2	Inter-local peer group (LPG) routing method An on-demand method of routing data between a plurality of local peer groups (LPG) of plural moving nodes comprises transmitting a route request message from a source node, relaying the route request message to a native boundary node; forwarding the route request message to a foreign boundary node, determining if the destination node is within an LPG for the foreign boundary node; relaying the route request message to another boundary node if the destination node is not within the LPG, relaying the route request message to the destination node if the destination node is within the LPG, receiving the routing request message at the destination node, transmitting a routing response to the source node, relaying the routing response to the source node through a path discovered by the route request, receiving the routing response at the source node, and transmitting the data, upon receipt of the routing response.
US08995444B2	Method and system for extending routing domain to non-routing end stations A system is provided for facilitating assignment of a virtual routing node identifier to a non-routing node. During operation, the system assigns to a non-routing node coupled to a switch a virtual routing node identifier unique to the non-routing node. In addition, the system communicates reachability information corresponding to the virtual routing node identifier to other switches in the network.
US08995439B2	Control of multicast content distribution A local router stores a content distribution map that specifies a plurality of permitted multicast groups. The local router receives communications from user devices on an access-network side of the local router. Those received communications identify multicast groups for which user devices wish to receive data. The local router ascertains if those identified multicast groups are permitted multicast groups specified by the stored content distribution map. For multicast groups ascertained to be permitted multicast groups, the local router sends communications across a network-side interface requesting membership in those multicast groups. The local router may then receive data for those multicast groups and forward that data to user devices. For multicast groups identified in user device communications ascertained not to be permitted multicast groups, the local router sends no communications across the network-side interface requesting membership.
US08995438B2	Method and a device for optimizing data transfer in a wireless communication network A method for optimizing data transfer in a wireless communication network is presented. A routing protocol is run for enabling data transmission devices (101-06) to form the wireless communication network. If routing information indicates that a route from a first data transmission device (101) to a second data transmission device (104) goes via at least one third data transmission (102, 103) device, it is checked whether a direct radio link (110) from the first data transmission device to the second data transmission device could be possible. If the direct radio link is possible, a message receivable by the at least one third data transmission device is sent. The message informs the third data transmission device that data transfer from the first data transmission device to the second data transmission device is direct radio communication and no forwarding actions are needed from the third data transmission device.
US08995433B2	System and method for instant VoIP messaging Methods, systems and programs for instant voice messaging over a packet-switched network are provided. A method for instant voice messaging may comprise receiving an instant voice message having one or more recipients, delivering the instant voice message to the one or more recipients over a packet-switched network, temporarily storing the instant voice message if a recipient is unavailable; and delivering the stored instant voice message to the recipient once the recipient becomes available.
US08995425B1	Network device scheduler and methods thereof Methods and systems for a network device are provided. The network device includes a stage one arbiter for a base-port for determining if there are any pending requests; blocking any other requests from a same receive queue destined for a same sub-port, same physical transmit queue, and same virtual transmit queue when there are any pending requests; selecting a group of requests with a highest priority and available resources; selecting at least two of the highest priority requests; selecting an oldest one of the requests having the same priority when there are requests with a same priority; sending the selected requests to a stage two arbiter for the base-port; and determining if any new requests have been made or if any previously pending requests have been removed.
US08995418B2	Admission control of emergency connections Emergency or prioritized communications in a wireless communication network are handled during negotiation of access to the wireless communication network from a mobile station using dedicated emergency multiple-access sequences which are also used as communication division codes in communication with a base station of the network.
US08995414B2	Location aware background access point scanning for WLAN Respective distances between a communication device and a plurality of wireless local area network (WLAN) access points are determined. One of the plurality of WLAN access points with which the communication device is to associate is selected based on the determined distances. A background scanning process is initiated based on determined distances. The background scanning process includes at least selecting one of the plurality of WLAN access points with which the communication device is to associate based on the determined respective distances by evaluating the plurality of WLAN access points in an order based on the determined respective distances. If it is determined that a WLAN access point is acceptable, evaluation of the plurality of WLAN access points is stopped before all of the plurality of WLAN access points have been evaluated.
US08995411B2	Method and system for content-aware mapping/error protection using different spatial streams Aspects of a method and system for content-aware mapping/error protection using different spatial streams are presented. Aspects of a system for handling multimedia information in a communication system may include a transmitter that enables control of a MAC layer and/or a PHY layer, in a wireless communication device to wirelessly communicate different portions of multimedia information via different spatial streams based on content of the multimedia information. The system may also comprise a processor that enables definition of a plurality of priority classes based on the content associated with at least a portion of the multimedia information.
US08995408B2	Wireless base station and wireless communication method A resource determination unit determines at least a part of an uplink part in a switch subframe as a second resource for a wireless terminal to transmit an SRS and determines at least a part within any uplink subframe as a third resource for the wireless terminal to transmit uplink user data including a DRS for a prescribed period. A transmission path state estimation unit estimates a state of a transmission path to the wireless terminal based on the DRS included in the uplink user data after the third resource is determined. A resource notification unit forms antenna directivity based on the estimated state of the transmission path and transmits a control message for notifying the wireless terminal of the determined second resource.
US08995407B2	Neighbor discovery in a wireless system Beacons may be grouped to facilitate neighbor discovery in a wireless network. For example, neighboring access devices such as IEEE 802.11 access points may cooperate to transmit beacons in a group. In this way, a wireless device seeking to discover the neighboring access devices may scan for the beacons for a shorter period of time. An indication may be provided to enable a wireless device to more efficiently scan the beacons. For example, the indication may indicate the channel the wireless device should scan to receive the next beacon that is to be transmitted. In addition, the indication may include information relating to the transmission time of the next beacon. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.
US08995406B2	Systems and methods for reducing collisions after traffic indication map paging Systems, methods, and devices for reducing collisions in a wireless communications network are described herein. In some aspects, a processor is configured to decrementing a value of a counter if a channel of a wireless communications network is idle for at least an extended slot time. The processor may be further configured to generate a polling request and allow the transmission of the polling request to an access point over the wireless communications network when the value of the counter reaches a threshold value.
US08995404B2	Downlink communication with multiple acknowledgements Methods, systems and instructions stored on computer-readable media for generating, at a first node, a plurality of data units. The plurality of data units are spread with a common pseudo-noise (PN) code that is used by a plurality of nodes, including the first node and a second node, that are in communication with an access point. A random timing offset is determined, and a first data unit is transmitted to the access point at a first time based upon a slot start time and the random timing offset. The first data unit is transmitted while at least a portion of a second signal is transmitted from the second node such that both the first data unit and the second signal are received by the access point. The second signal is transmitted at a second time based on the slot time and a second random timing offset.
US08995402B2	Pilot design for OFDM systems with four transmit antennas Pilot, preamble and midamble patterns are provided that are particularly suited for four transmit antenna OFDM systems. Pilots are inserted in a scattered manner for each of the four antennas, either uncoded, space-time coded in pairs, space-time frequency coded in pairs, or space-time-frequency coded.
US08995396B2	Methods and devices in a wireless communication network A user equipment method and a user equipment in idle mode, for enabling the compilation of information concerning the radio coverage within a cell of a base station. The user equipment is configured to communicate with the base station. The method comprises the actions of detecting a loss of coverage and transmitting coverage information, to be received by the base station. A network node receives the coverage information from the idle mode user equipment. The received coverage information is identified as information related to the occurrence of lost coverage for the user equipment. Thereafter is the received coverage information logged and usable for adjusting the transmission power of the base station and/or for network planning purposes.
US08995395B2	Network node, user equipment and methods therein for random access handling A method in a User Equipment (150), UE, for handling random access procedure to a wireless communications network via a network node (140), the UE (150) being configured to support transmissions on a Control CHannel, CCH, on an enhanced Control CHannel, eCCH, or on both. The method comprises sending (S160) a random access preamble to the network node, and receiving (S162) a random access response from the network node on at least one of the CCH or the eCCH. The random access preamble comprising a UE indication indicating that the UE is configured to monitor transmissions on the CCH, on the eCCH or on both;A user equipment, a method in network node and a network node are also provided.
US08995393B2	Methods and network nodes for signalling of complementary assistance data A positioning node (110), a user equipment (120), a radio network node (130) and methods therein for providing complementary assistance data to be used by a user equipment (120) during a positioning session for determining a position of the user equipment (120) and for enabling continuation of the positioning session are provided. A change from a first cell to a second cell occurs during the positioning session. The user equipment (120) receives control information from the first cell before the change and from the second cell after the change. The positioning node obtains information identifying the second cell. Next, the positioning node generates the complementary assistance data relating to the second cell in advance of the change. The complementary assistance data comprises assistance data adapted to the second cell when the second cell is configured to provide control information to the user equipment (120). The positioning node sends the complementary assistance data relating to the second cell to the user equipment (120) via the radio network node (130) in advance of the change. Next, the user equipment (120) processes the complementary assistance data, thereby enabling continuation of the positioning session.
US08995387B2	Downlink multiplexing A method performed by a node of a communications system includes storing allocation data defining persistently allocated resources for use in communicating data between the node and another node of the communications system within predetermined transmission time intervals, receiving control data relating to a dynamic allocation of resources to be used in a current transmission time interval, the received control data including modulation and coding data and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) data, and determining if at least one of the modulation and coding data and the HARQ data in the received control data, includes a predefined bit pattern, and if the determining determines that the predefined bit pattern is present, then changing a setting of the stored allocation data defining the persistently allocated resources.
US08995383B2	(H)ARQ for semi-persistent scheduling A radio communications link is established between radio stations, and a semi-persistent radio resource is allocated to support data transmission over the communications link. The semi-persistent radio resource is associated with a corresponding automatic repeat request (ARQ) process identifier. Non-limiting examples of a semi-persistent radio resource include a regularly scheduled transmission time interval, frame, subframe, or time slot during which to transmit a data unit over the radio interface. Retransmission is requested of a data unit transmitted using the semi-persistent radio resource. The ARQ process identifier associated with the semi-persistent resource is used to match a retransmission of a data unit dynamically scheduled on the communications link with the requested data unit retransmission. In a preferred example embodiment, the ARQ process identifier is a hybrid ARQ (HARQ) process, where a retransmitted data unit is combined with a previously-received version of the data unit.
US08995382B2	Systems and methods for traffic policing Systems and methods for policing traffic in communications systems are described herein. According to systems and methods herein, tokens are generated for a packet data network based on a peak transmission rate associated with the packet data network. Packets are selected for transmission over the packet data network based on availability of tokens.
US08995376B2	Uplink grant, downlink assignment and search space method and apparatus in carrier aggregation Methods of mapping, indicating, encoding and transmitting uplink (UL) grants and downlink (DL) assignments for wireless communications for carrier aggregation are disclosed. Methods to encode and transmit DL assignments and UL grants and map and indicate the DL assignments to DL component carriers and UL grants to UL component carriers are described. Methods include specifying the mapping rules for DL component carriers that transmit DL assignment and DL component carriers that receive physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and mapping rules for DL component carriers that transmit UL grants and UL component carriers that transit physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) when using separate coding/separate transmission schemes.
US08995375B2	Method and apparatus for resource assignment during control channel ambiguity In one example of the teachings herein, a network base station (16, 18) includes one or more communication interfaces configured to send messages to a wireless communication device, and one or more processing circuits (36) operatively associated with the communication interface(s). The processing circuits (36) are configured to send a reconfiguration message to the device using an existing downlink control channel configuration for the device, which message indicates a new downlink control channel configuration for the device, and, during a window of control channel configuration ambiguity that arises for the device as a consequence of sending the reconfiguration message, send a control message to the device using both the existing and the new downlink control channel configurations. Such a method of operation advantageously avoids the delays that arise if new downlink control signaling towards the device (20) is deferred until receiving confirmation that the device (20) received the reconfiguration message.
US08995372B2	Apparatus and method for performing random access in a wireless communication system The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing random access in a wireless communication system. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises acquiring a time adjustment value for acquiring uplink timing via the representative CC in an uplink timing group which is set up by a predetermined condition; and updating the time adjustment value for the relevant uplink timing group by using the acquired time adjustment value.
US08995371B2	Wireless communication system, mobile station apparatus, base station apparatus, random access method, and integrated circuit The present invention enables random access which does not cause a load on a mobile station apparatus in an Advanced-EUTRA system. A wireless communication system in which a base station apparatus allocates a plurality of component carriers to a mobile station apparatus, and the base station apparatus and the mobile station apparatus perform communication via the component carriers, wherein the base station apparatus notifies the mobile station apparatus of allocation information of component carriers, setting information of a component carrier including information on random access, and setting information of a component carrier not including the information on random access; and the mobile station apparatus receives the allocation information and the setting information, and executes a random access procedure only in the component carrier in which the information on random access is included in the setting information of the component carrier, among the plurality of component carriers allocated from the base station apparatus.
US08995361B2	Multi-channel, multi-modulation, multi-rate communication with a radio transceiver Techniques for communicating via a control channel, determining a particular data channel based on the communicating, and transferring data via the particular data channel are described. One or more messages are communicated via the control channel between first and second nodes. The one or more messages may indicate a particular data channel from multiple data channels that may be utilized to transfer data between the first and second nodes. The one or more messages may also indicate a modulation technique and/or data rate that may be implemented on the particular data channel. The one or more messages may be utilized to determine the particular data channel that will be utilized to transfer the data. The first and second nodes may switch to the particular data channel based on the determination and transfer the data via the particular data channel.
US08995358B2	False detection reduction during multi-carrier operation Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate reducing false detections of control channels during blind decode when multiple component carriers are configured. A UE can perform blind detection of control channels on a plurality of carriers, wherein each control channel detected can be validated to reduce false detections. In one aspect, a reference carrier can be selected, wherein one or more detected control channels are validated so long as one detected control channel is on the reference carrier. In another aspect, control channel can be bundled such that multiple control channel detections are required for validation. Moreover, dummy control channels can be introduced that provide UE with guidance during blind decoding, as well as provide validation of detections. Further, various combinations of a reference carrier, bundling, and/or a dummy control channel can be utilized.
US08995357B2	Transmission of system information on a downlink shared channel In one embodiment, a method of transmitting system information on a down link shared channel structured as successive subframes includes transmitting (400-416) system information in regularly occurring time windows, each time window spanning some number of successive subframes. The method further includes indicating (406/408) to receiving user equipment (120) which subframes within a given time window carry system information. The method and variations of it are applied, for example, to the transmission of dynamic system information on the down link shared channel or other down link channel in a 3GPP E-UTRA wireless communication network (100).
US08995351B2	Systems, methods and computer program products for intelligent APN management in wireless communications networks Systems, methods, and computer program products are for managing APNs in a wireless communications network during a PDP context activation sequence. An exemplary method includes a radio network controller (RNC) generating an APN assignment request in response to a PDP context activation request being received from a device and sending the APN assignment request to an intelligent APN management system (iAPNMS). The method also includes determining, at the iAPNMS based upon an assignment factor, an APN to assign to the PDP context activation request and assigning the APN to the PDP context activation request. The method also includes one of the RNC and the iAPNMS modifying the PDP context activation request to include the APN, and the RNC forwarding the PDP context activation request including the APN to a serving general packet radio service (GPRS) gateway support node (SGSN) to continue the PDP context activation sequence.
US08995344B2	Assist engine for transmit and receive functions in a modular wireless network access device A wireless network access device comprising a radio interface with a serial communication line, a switch, and M serial connections to M connectors for connecting up to M corresponding detachable radio modules. The radio interface forms up to M individually addressable radio communications paths. Each radio module includes a radio configured to communicate with client devices in a coverage area and a radio processor configured to manage at least one radio receiving buffer. The radio receiving buffers store receiver buffer identifiers to corresponding received data space. A processor manages communication between the client devices that communicate with the radio modules and a data network via the radio interface and a network interface when N≦M radio modules are connected to the radio interface. An assist engine is connected in the serial connection between the processor and the switch to manage allocation of receive buffer identifiers to the radio modules.
US08995341B2	Pilot shifting In an example embodiment, a network node transmits secondary signal component of a combined wireless communication signal to a user equipment. The combined wireless communication signal includes the secondary signal component and a primary signal component. Secondary pilot resources of the secondary signal component are dynamically shifted relative to primary pilot resources of the primary signal component by an amount that is based on whether a current estimation procedure at the user equipment is a primary channel estimation procedure or a secondary channel estimation procedure. In a corresponding example embodiment, the user equipment receives the combined wireless communication signal with the dynamically shifted pilot resources. The user equipment estimates the primary channel in the primary channel estimation procedure and estimates the secondary channel in the secondary channel estimation procedure.
US08995330B2	Base station, relay station and method in mobile communication system A base station generates first setting information commonly used for establishing a logical path for communication with a user apparatus and for establishing a logical path for communication with a relay station, and second setting information used only for establishing the logical path for communication with the relay station, and transmits a second RRC message including the second setting information to the relay station after transmitting a first RRC message including the first setting information to the relay station. The first setting information includes information indicating a priority of a radio bearer in the logical path, information indicating usage of resources in SPS, information indicating resources of SRS, configuration information in a MAC sublayer, and information on change of a security encryption key in handover, and the second setting information includes at least system information and MBSFN information.
US08995317B2	Systems and methods for selecting a gateway general packet radio service (GPRS) support node In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for selecting a GGSN. The method may include obtaining a network address for a home agent; transmitting a request to a name server for a name associated with the network address; receiving from the name server in response to the request a name associated with the network address; initiating a GPRS attachment; and after initiating the GPRS attachment, initiating a PDP context activation, wherein the step of initiating the PDP context activation comprises transmitting the name to an SGSN, and the SGSN is configured to use the name to lookup an IP address of a GGSN.
US08995316B2	Mobile telephone for internet applications A control unit for a mobile telephone includes a Web server adapted to connect to a Web browser in the mobile telephone, wherein the Web server receives information and provides the information to the Web browser when connected to the Web browser.
US08995313B2	Method and apparatus for transmitting control information The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information when a plurality of cells is configured. The method includes receiving at least one of PDCCH(s) and PDSCH(s), generating reception response information about at least one of the PDCCH(s) and the PDSCH(s), and transmitting the reception response information through a PUCCH on an SR subframe.
US08995312B2	Multi-channel broadband re-configurable RF front end for software defined radio / cognitive radio Multi-channel broadband re-configurable RF Front End for Software Defined Radio/Cognitive Radio. The RF front end helps improve spectrum sensing for better spectrum utilization. The RF front end comprising of multiple channels of reconfigurable transmitters and receivers, Tx/Rx switch, reference section, control section and power section is described. The RF front-end transceiver comprises of multiple channels and adapts its parameters based on the radio environment. The RF front end works on wide bandwidth and reconfigures its parameters.
US08995301B1	Using virtual networking devices to manage routing cost information Techniques are described for providing managed virtual computer networks that have a configured logical network topology with virtual networking devices, such as by a network-accessible configurable network service, with corresponding networking functionality provided for communications between multiple computing nodes of the virtual computer network by emulating functionality that would be provided by the virtual networking devices if they were physically present. In some situations, the networking functionality provided for a managed computer network of a client includes receiving routing communications directed to the virtual networking devices and using included routing cost information to update the configuration of the managed computer network, and/or includes determining actual cost information corresponding to use of an underlying substrate network and providing routing cost information to the client that reflects the determined actual cost information, so as to enable the client to modify the configuration of the managed computer network accordingly.
US08995297B2	Method for controlling downlink transmission power and apparatus for same The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method in which a home base station performs power control and an apparatus for the same, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring information on downlink signal strength of a macrocell; and determining an upper limit of downlink transmission power of the home base station by taking into consideration of the downlink signal strength of the macrocell, wherein: when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the upper limit of the downlink transmission power of the home base station is determined to be an intermediate value among a minimum transmission power value, a maximum transmission power value, and a power control value proportional to the downlink signal strength of the macrocell; and when the predetermined condition is not satisfied, the upper limit of the downlink transmission power of the home base station is determined to be a predetermined fixed value, the predetermined condition being a value indicating the downlink signal strength of the macrocell is equal to or greater than a first threshold value.
US08995296B2	Method for computing the receive power of a non serving cell, and receiver for doing the same A method for testing a band allocated to a non serving cell for a wireless OFDM communication systems, involving the step of:—configuring the RF front end circuit to receive a wide band signal covering multiple candidates of bandwidths (BW1) which are likely to be allocated to said non serving cell;—computing the received OFDM symbols;—entering into a first loop for successively testing two consecutive bandwidth candidates (BWj), said testing comprising the steps of:—computing a first non coherent power estimation (RSRP_Excessi) of the received signal on the basis of the reference signals (RS) existing in the non overlapping range of said two consecutive bandwidth (BWi);—computing a second coherent power estimation (RSRP_ExcesSj_coh)of the received signal on the basis of the reference signals (RS) existing in the non overlapping range of said two consecutive bandwidth (BWi);—comparing said first and said second estimation and determining and determining whether the tested bandwidth (BWi) is allocated to said tested non serving cell.
US08995294B2	Control and data multiplexing in communication systems Methods and apparatus are provided for a base station to assign to a UE communicating with the base station a number of coded control information symbols being transmitted with coded data information symbols during a transmission time interval by the UE. At least one offset value is assigned to the UE. A size of data is assigned to the UE. The base station transmits information regarding the at least one offset value to the UE. The base station transmits information regarding the size of data to the UE. The number of coded control information symbols assigned to the UE for transmission of control information is determined based on the size of data and the at least one offset value. The control information includes at least one of CQI, ACK/NAK, PMI, and RI.
US08995292B2	Systems and etiquette for home gateways using white space Methods and systems for sharing white space with primary services and other emerging services are provided. Signal distribution within a specified location, such as a dwelling, is performed using a home gateway that identifies unused white space, reserves such white space spectrum, and delivers data to one or more devices at the respective location using the reserved spectrum. Signalling between the devices and the gateway is performed over a shared signalling channel, which enables the gateway to advise the devices from where and when to receive data. The gateway also uses a common spectrum reservation OFDM symbol to advise the neighbouring gateways of the local spectrum reservation.
US08995291B2	Tracking loop design for unicast and multicast/broadcast signals A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. In a first configuration, the apparatus maintains a first set of tracking loops associated with unicast signals and a second set of tracking loops associated with multicast/broadcast signals. In addition, the apparatus decoding at least one of a received unicast signal based on the first set of tracking loops or a received multicast/broadcast signal based on the second set of tracking loops. In a second configuration, the apparatus maintains a TTL and a FTL associated with unicast signals based only on received unicast signals. In addition, the apparatus receives a multicast/broadcast signal and decodes the received multicast/broadcast signal based on the TTL and the FTL maintained based only on the received unicast signals.
US08995290B2	Communication system, radio communication device, and radio communication method A radio terminal 100 includes: a radio condition information acquisition unit 105 configured to acquire radio condition information indicating a condition of a radio signal which is transmitted to or received from the radio base station; an EVDO communication unit 101 and a WLAN communication unit 103 configured to receive a communication quality deterioration notification indicating that a communication quality of a application is deteriorated in a communication target device; a storage unit 111 configured to store a handover threshold in association with the application, the handover threshold based on the radio condition information at the time point when the communication quality deterioration notification is received; and a handover controller 107 configured to execute a handover to another radio base station on the basis of the radio condition information and of the handover threshold.
US08995288B2	Method and system for a configurable communication integrated circuit and/or chipset A deployed configurable communication integrated circuit (IC) and/or chipset which may be integrated within a wireless communication and/or multi-media communication device may be operable to monitor its operating conditions, performance and/or utilization characteristics. It may send information via a wireless, optical and/or wired network to a remote analysis and/or development system and/or service, such as an engineering service, that may determine and return configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may be utilized to adjust antenna and/or MIMO, SIMO, MISO and beamforming configuration, power level, interference rejection, equalizer length, dynamic range, modulation, encoding and/or decoding, analog to digital conversion precision, error detection and/or correction parameters, MAC parameters such as timing thresholds, transmit window size and/or buffer space. The configurable communication IC and/or chipset may configure and/or reconfigure itself one or more times over a period of time while deployed in the field.
US08995272B2	Link aggregation in software-defined networks One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch capable of processing software-defined data flows. The switch includes an identifier management module and a flow definition management module. During operation, the identifier management module allocates a logical identifier to a link aggregation port group which includes a plurality of ports associated with different links. The flow definition management module processes a flow definition corresponding to the logical identifier, applies the flow definition to ports in the link aggregation port group, and update lookup information for the link aggregation port group based on the flow definition.
US08995271B2	Communications flow analysis In one implementation, a communications flow analysis system determines whether a communications flow between a source and a destination should be retained. If the communications flow should be retained, the communications flow analysis system injects an extraneous data set into the communications flow in response to determining that the communications flow should be retained.
US08995267B2	Handling of overloads and handovers in a communications network The present invention refers to handling of an overload in a communications network and to handling of handovers occurring after the handling of handovers in the communications net work, wherein said communications network is based upon a tree topology providing several levels of nodes in said communications network. According to the present invention, in formation about an overload is provided through several levels of nodes in communications network, starting from the node, with regard to which said overload has occurred, and ending with nodes being located in levels arranged upside the level, in which the overload occurred, and being connected directly or indirectly with the node, with regard to which said overload has occurred. When handling a handover from a cell in a node, which is affected by the overload, the handover will be allowed only if the cell comprises at least one node, which is also affected by the overload.
US08995265B2	Monitoring endpoint buffer occupancy to determine congestion in an ethernet network A system to improve a Converged Enhanced Ethernet network may include a controller having a computer processor connected to a layer 2 endpoint buffer. The system may also include a manager executing on the controller to monitor the layer 2 endpoint buffer by determining buffer data packet occupancy and/or rate of change in the buffer data packet occupancy. The system may further include a reporter to notify a congestion source of the layer 2 endpoint buffer based upon the buffer data packet occupancy and/or rate of change in the buffer data packet occupancy.
US08995263B2	Method and apparatus for internal/external memory packet and byte counting Systems and methods are provided for counting a number of received packets and a number of bytes contained in the received packets. A system includes a first memory disposed in an integrated circuit, the first memory being configured as a first combination counter having a first set of bits for storing a subtotal of received packets, and a second set of bits for storing a subtotal of bytes contained in the received packets. A second memory is external to the integrated circuit. The second memory is configured to store a total number of received packets and a total number of bytes contained in the received packets. Update circuitry is configured to update the total number of packets stored in the second whenever either of the first set of bits or the second set of bits overflows in the first memory.
US08995251B2	Network nodes A network node comprising at least one network interface the network node arranged to form network links to other network nodes through the or each network interface, each network link being to a neighboring one of the other network nodes, the network node arranged to determine whether data transmitted over the links to the relevant neighboring network nodes is successfully received. Should the network node make a first determination that data sent over a given network link to a neighboring node has not been successfully received, the network node temporarily disables the entry for that network link in a memory for a period of time, such that the network node does not send data to the neighboring node over the given network link during the period of time, but then subsequently re-enables the entry after the period of time has elapsed. Should the network node make a subsequent determination that data sent over the given network link to the neighboring network node has not been successfully received, the network node deletes the entry from the memory.
US08995249B1	Predicting route utilization and non-redundant failures in network environments A network analysis module may obtain information including but not limited to network traffic and topology information for a network environment including multiple separate networks and physical connections between the networks. The module generates a network topology model including but not limited to extreme-case failure or break information according to the network topology information, and applies the historical network traffic information to the network topology model to predict future expected normal traffic load and extreme-case traffic load for each route over the physical connections between the networks. Output may include one or more reports for each route, each report indicating the historical and predicted traffic levels for both normal and extreme-case scenarios of a respective route.
US08995243B2	System and method for suppressing jitter in digital data signals including image, video and audio data signals A system and method for suppressing jitter in a digital data signal in a signal processor system. The digital data signal has spaced apart byte allocation units wherein such spacing is increased such that unallocated bytes can be identified and removed from the digital data signal. The byte allocation units of the digital data signal are suppressed with a digital data signal being outputted from the signal processor system having suppressed byte allocation units to suppress the occurrence of jitter.
US08995242B1	Method and system for radial and tangential tilt calibration of optical storage systems A system and method for adjusting the radial tilt, tangential tilt, or a combination of radial and tangential tilt of an optical detection unit in an optical disc reading system can include applying different weighting factors to different signal components depending on which detection area detects the component, measuring a value of a signal characteristic, such as signal-to-noise ratio, of two signals with different sets of weighting factors, and determining an adjustment factor to the radial tilt as a function of the of the measured signal characteristic values.
US08995241B1	Apparatus for driving voice coil motor actuator Embodiments of the invention provide an apparatus for driving a voice coil motor actuator providing a driving signal to a coil for controlling a position of a lens barrel in which a magnet is equipped. The apparatus includes a plurality of hall sensors configured to detect the position of the lens barrel in which the magnet is equipped, and a voice coil motor driving integrated circuit configured to provide the driving signal to the coil based on outputs from the plurality of hall sensors and a received target position. The plurality of hall sensors are embedded in the voice coil motor driving integrated circuit along a moving direction of the magnet.
US08995238B2	Device for displaying time information A device (100) for displaying time information with the aid of an indicator member (1), including a cam (2) the profile of which includes a flank (23); a lever (4) driving the indicator member (1); a follower (3) controlling the lever (4), pressed against the cam (2) by first spring means (6), adapted, during movement of the flank (23) in a first direction of movement of the cam (2), to control movement of the lever (4) intended to drive movement of the indicator member (1), characterized in that the follower (3) controlling the lever (4) is adapted to be moved relative to the lever (4) against the return action of second spring means (5) by an action force (F) exerted by the flank (23) of the cam (2) on the follower (3) during movement of the flank (23) in a second direction of movement of the cam (2).
US08995237B2	Fluid indicator A visual indicator display device includes a bracelet, a transparent capillary chamber, and a displacement member. The transparent capillary chamber is matched to an indicia and has a primary length and a width less than the primary length. The displacement member is functionally disposed at one end of the capillary chamber and is responsive to a measureable input for moving a fluid contained therein a defined amount.
US08995235B2	Electronic timepiece An electronic timepiece can adjust the input terminal and suppress power consumption. An electronic timepiece has: a reception unit 8 that receives a satellite signal containing time information from a positioning information satellite; a power supply unit 4 having a battery that supplies drive power; a remaining capacity detection unit 5 that measures the remaining battery capacity; and a control unit 9 that controls satellite signal reception by the reception unit 8. The control unit 9 includes a timekeeping unit 91 that keeps time, a time adjustment unit 99 that adjusts the time kept by the timekeeping unit 91 based on the satellite signal received by the reception unit 8, and a prohibition period setting unit 93 that sets a prohibition period in which receiving a satellite signal is prohibited based on the remaining battery capacity measured by the remaining capacity detection unit 5.
US08995219B2	Word line driver A first circuit is coupled to a second circuit, which is coupled to a third circuit. A high voltage value of a first input signal and of a first output signal of the first circuit are equal, and are less than a high voltage value of a second output signal of the second circuit. A low voltage value of the first input signal is higher than a low voltage value of the first output signal. A high voltage value of the second output signal and of a third output signal of the third circuit are equal. The low voltage value of the first output signal, the second output signal, and the third output signal are equal.
US08995215B2	Semiconductor device and control method of the same The present invention provides a semiconductor memory and a control method therefor, the semiconductor device including a first current-voltage conversion circuit connected to a core cell provided in a nonvolatile memory cell array, a second current-voltage conversion circuit connected to a reference cell through a reference cell data line, a sense amplifier sensing an output from the first current-voltage conversion circuit and an output from the second current-voltage conversion circuit, a compare circuit comparing a voltage level at the reference cell data line with a predefined voltage level, and a charging circuit charging the reference cell data line, if the voltage level at the reference cell data line is lower than the predefined voltage level during pre-charging the reference cell data line. According to the present invention, the pre-charging period of the reference cell data line can be shortened, and the data read time can be shortened.
US08995214B2	Nonvolatile semiconductor memory According to one embodiment, a memory includes a temporary storage area which temporary stores data in a read/write operation to an array. The temporary storage area comprises a clamp FET connected between a first data bus and a second data bus, a first precharge FET connected between the first data bus and first potential, a second precharge FET connected between the second data bus and the first potential, a first storage area connected to the first data bus, and a second storage area connected to the second data bus. The control circuit is configured to generate a precharge state in which the first data bus is precharged to the first potential and the second data bus is precharged to a second potential lower than the first potential, when the data is transferred from the second storage area to the first storage area.
US08995212B2	Column repair circuit A column repair circuit of a semiconductor memory apparatus includes a plurality of mats and performs a column repair operation to replace failed cells among a plurality of memory cells provided in the mats. The column repair circuit includes two or more fuse units configured to perform the column repair operation. Each of the fuse units includes a plurality of fuses, and is configured in such a manner that m mats correspond to one fuse or n mats correspond to one fuse, where m and n are natural numbers equal to or more than 1 and different from each other.
US08995206B2	Device, method and computer readable program for accessing memory cells using shortened read attempts A device, a computer readable medium and a method that may include performing a shortened read attempt of multiple data memory cells that store data to provide an estimate of the data; wherein the shortened read attempt has a duration that is shorter than a duration of a full read attempt; performing a shortened read attempt of redundant memory cells that store redundant information to provide an estimate of the redundant information; wherein the estimate of the redundant information is indicative of an expected number of data memory cells that store a certain logic value; determining, based on the estimate of the data, an estimated number of data memory cells that store the certain logic value; comparing the expected number to the estimated number; and providing the estimate of the data as a read result if the expected number and the estimated number equal each other.
US08995205B2	Semiconductor memory device and method of testing the same Provided is a semiconductor memory device in which a plurality of first and second data lines coupled to a memory cell array are alternately arranged. The semiconductor memory device includes a first write driving circuit configured to load a plurality of first write data transmitted through a plurality of third data lines into the plurality of first data lines in response to a first write enable signal; a second write driving circuit configured to load a plurality of second write data transmitted through a plurality of fourth data lines into the plurality of second data lines in response to a second write enable signal; and a column control circuit configured to activate at least one of the first and second write enable signals during a given period, in response to a plurality of data width option modes, during a parallel test mode.
US08995204B2	Circuit devices and methods having adjustable transistor body bias Circuits, integrated circuits devices, and methods are disclosed that may include biasable transistors with screening regions positioned below a gate and separated from the gate by a semiconductor layer. Bias voltages can be applied to such screening regions to optimize multiple performance features, such as speed and current leakage. Particular embodiments can include biased sections coupled between a high power supply voltage and a low power supply voltage, each having biasable transistors. One or more generation circuits can generate multiple bias voltages. A bias control section can couple one of the different bias voltages to screening regions of biasable transistors to provide a minimum speed and lowest current leakage for such a minimum speed.
US08995195B2	Fast-reading NAND flash memory In a flash memory two or more pages in a plane are read in rapid succession by maintaining global word line voltages throughout multiple page reads, and by simultaneously transitioning the old selected word line from a discrimination voltage to a read voltage and transitioning the new selected word line from the read voltage to a discrimination voltage.
US08995193B2	NAND memory constructions and methods of forming NAND memory constructions Some embodiments include NAND memory constructions. The constructions may contain semiconductor material pillars extending upwardly between dielectric regions, with individual pillars having a pair of opposing vertically-extending sides along a cross-section. First conductivity type regions may be along first sides of the pillars, and second conductivity type regions may be along second sides of the individual pillars; with the second conductivity type regions contacting interconnect lines. Vertical NAND strings may be over the pillars, and select devices may selectively couple the NAND strings with the interconnect lines. The select devices may have vertical channels directly against the semiconductor material pillars and directly against upper regions of the first and second conductivity type regions. Some embodiments include methods of forming NAND memory constructions.
US08995192B2	Method of programming selection transistors for NAND flash memory Disclosed herein is a method that includes providing a non-volatile memory device which includes a plurality of cells, a plurality of selection transistors each having a gate and each coupled to associated one of the cells, and a selection line coupled in common to the gates of the selection transistors, applying a first program voltage to the selection line, and applying a second program voltage to the selection line when at least one of the selection transistors have not been shifted to a program condition.
US08995187B2	Nonvolatile semiconductor memory device programmable via overlapping pulse signals A method for programming a plurality of memory cells of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device comprises the steps of: dividing the plurality of memory cells into M number of groups (M is an integer); successively selecting each of the M number of groups; generating M number of successive overlapping pulse signals; and programming the memory cells of the M number of groups in response to the respective M number of successive overlapping pulse signals.
US08995182B2	Coarse and fine programming in a solid state memory Memory devices adapted to receive and transmit analog data signals representative of bit patterns of two or more bits facilitate increases in data transfer rates relative to devices communicating data signals indicative of individual bits. Programming of such memory devices includes initially programming a cell with a coarse programming pulse to move its threshold voltage in a large step close to the programmed state. The neighboring cells are then programmed using coarse programming. The algorithm then returns to the initially programmed cells that are then programmed with one or more fine pulses that slowly move the threshold voltage in smaller steps to the final programmed state threshold voltage.
US08995177B1	Integrated circuits with asymmetric transistors Integrated circuits with memory elements are provided. A memory element may include a storage circuit coupled to data lines through access transistors. Access transistors may be used to read data from and write data into the storage circuit. An access transistor may have asymmetric source-drain resistances. The access transistor may have a first source-drain that is coupled to a data line and a second source-drain that is coupled to the storage circuit. The second source-drain may have a contact resistance that is greater than the contact resistance associated with the first source-drain. Access transistors with asymmetric source-drain resistances may have a first drive strength when passing a low signal and a second drive strength when passing a high signal to the storage circuit. The second drive strength may be less than the first drive strength. Access transistors with asymmetric drive strengths may be used to improve memory read/write performance.
US08995174B2	Semiconductor integrated circuit A semiconductor device includes NAND gates and switches to form a circuit to hold data, and a capacitor electrically connected to the circuit via a transistor to store the data held in the circuit. The transistor has a channel formation region including an oxide semiconductor.
US08995170B2	Non-volatile memory device A non-volatile memory device includes: a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells each including a first variable resistance element and a first current steering element and a parameter generation circuit including a reference cell including a second variable resistance element and a second current steering element having the same current density-voltage characteristic as that of the first current steering element, wherein a conductive shorting layer for causing short-circuiting between the electrodes is formed on the side surfaces of the second variable resistance element.
US08995169B1	Method of operating FET low current 3D Re-RAM Operating ReRAM memory is disclosed herein. The memory cells may be trained prior to initially programming them. The training may help to establish a percolation path. In some aspects, a transistor limits current of the memory cell when training and programming. A higher current limit is used during training, which conditions the memory cell for better programming. The non-memory may be operated in unipolar mode. The memory cells can store multiple bits per memory cell. A memory cell can be SET directly from its present state to one at least two data states away. A memory cell can be RESET directly to the state having the next highest resistance. Program conditions, such as pulse width and/or magnitude, may depend on the state to which the memory cell is being SET. A higher energy can be used for programming higher current states.
US08995166B2	Multi-level memory array having resistive elements for multi-bit data storage A resistor array for multi-bit data storage without the need to increase the size of a memory chip or scale down the feature size of a memory cell contained within the memory chip is provided. The resistor array incorporates a number of discrete resistive elements to be selectively connected, in different series combinations, to at least one memory cell or memory device. In one configuration, by connecting each memory cell or device with at least one resistor array, a resistive switching layer found in the resistive switching memory element of the connected memory device is capable of being at multiple resistance states for storing multiple bits of digital information. During device programming operations, when a desired series combination of the resistive elements within the resistor array is selected, the resistive switching layer in the connected memory device can be in a desired resistance state.
US08995160B2	Electronic component including a matrix of TCAM cells Electronic component including a ternary content-addressable memory component, configured to compare the input data items with a set of pre-recorded reference data words; the memory component incorporates a matrix of elementary cells arranged in lines and columns; each line incorporates cells in each of which is recorded one bit of one of the reference data words; the cells of a given column are dedicated to the comparison of the same bit of the input data word; each cell incorporates: two memory points storing the data representing the reference data bit; a comparison circuit connected to the memory points, with a comparison point of which the potential represents the comparison if the input data bit and the data stored in the memory points, and also incorporating a common comparison circuit to which are connected the comparison circuits of all or part of the cells of a given column; the comparison circuit incorporates terminals to which the bit from the input data word and its complement are applied.
US08995157B2	Sensing and control for improving switched power supplies A power converter and a method of operation thereof is disclosed including an input, an output, a sensor unit, a switched power converter, and a processor module. The power converter may convert an input power into an output power. The power converter may sense real-time measurements of the input power and the output power to determine a real-time calculated efficiency. The power converter may chop the input power into sized and positioned portions of the input power based on a plurality of determined operating parameters. The power converter may determine the operating parameters based on the real-time calculated efficiency and on a plurality of other operating factors/conditions.
US08995141B1	Connector pin on springs An electronic device includes a first component electrically coupled to a second component. The first component and the second component are coupled by the base of a spring loaded connector.
US08995124B2	Cover latch of a blade server A cover latch is provided for coupling a blade server cover to a blade server when the cover latch is in a locked state. Embodiments include a locking surface and a user interface; wherein when the cover latch is in the locked state, the locking surface engages a locking surface enclosure of the blade server cover; wherein when the cover latch is in an unlocked state, the user interface is rotated into the blade server and the locking surface is rotated outward from the blade server, wherein when the locking surface is rotated outward from the blade server, the locking surface is disengaged from the locking surface enclosure of the blade server cover; and a rotational limiter hole in the cover latch that surrounds a peg of the blade server, wherein the rotation of the locking surface and the user interface is limited by the rotational limiter.
US08995118B2	Memory cards and electronic machines Provided is a memory card. The memory card includes interconnection terminals for electric connection with an external electronic machine. The interconnection terminals may be spaced from the front side of the memory card by a distance greater than the lengths of the interconnection terminals. Alternatively, the memory card may include other interconnection terminals between its front side and the former interconnection terminals. The former and latter interconnection terminals may be used for electric connection with different kinds of electronic machines.
US08995115B2	Portable computing device A portable computing device includes at least a base portion of a lightweight material that includes at least a wedge shaped top case having a trough formed at an interfacing edge thereof. The trough includes a raised portion having a first contact surface and a receiving area, and a bottom case coupled to the top case to form a complete housing for at least a portion of the portable computing device for enclosing at least a plurality of operational components and a plurality of structural components. The portable computing device also includes at least a lid portion pivotally connected to the base portion by a hinge assembly. In the described embodiments, the lid portion has a display in communication with one or more of the plurality of components in the base portion by way of or more electrical conductors that electrically connect the base portion to the lid portion.
US08995111B2	Capacitor, and manufacturing method and manufacturing program thereof A capacitor includes: an anode part that is drawn from an anode body of a capacitor element to an element end-face, to be formed over the element end-face; a cathode part that is drawn from a cathode body of the capacitor element to the element end-face, to be formed over the element end-face; an anode terminal member that is disposed in a sealing member; a cathode terminal member that is disposed in the sealing member; an anode current collector plate that is connected to the anode part, and is also connected to the anode terminal member; and a cathode current collector plate that is connected to the cathode part, and is also connected to the cathode terminal member.
US08995107B2	Modular lightning surge protection apparatus A modular lightning surge protection apparatus is applied to a single-phase three-wire power system with a line, a neutral, and a ground. The modular lightning surge protection apparatus includes a substrate, a surge protection unit, a first temperature fuse, and a second temperature fuse. The surge protection unit has a first surge protection element, a second surge protection element, and a third surge protection element to form a wye connection or a delta connection structure. Furthermore, the surge protection unit, the first temperature fuse, and the second temperature fuse are electrically connected on the substrate to form a small-scale modular circuit integration structure.
US08995106B2	Overvoltage protection system for wireless communication systems A surge suppression system provides surge protection both locally within the radio station building were the power plant and telecommunication equipment are located and remotely next to the radios and antennas located outside of the building on the communication tower. An external surge suppression unit provides a waterproof enclosure for both surge suppression devices and fiber optic connectors. A rack mountable surge suppression unit provides local in-line surge suppression protection for the electrical equipment located in the communication station. A unique surge suppression tray is hot swappable so that multiple surge suppression devices can be replaced at the same time without disrupting radio operation. Pluggable surge suppression modules can be used in both the external surge suppression unit and the rack mountable surge suppression unit.
US08995105B2	Device control modules for demand management systems A device control module for making a non-demand management system capable electrical device demand responsive to a demand management system includes a relay configured to be electrically connected to a power circuit of the electrical device to control power supply to a load device of the electrical device. The device control module includes a relay driver operated to open and close the relay and a controller operating the relay driver. The controller receives a demand state signal from the demand management system supplying power to the electrical device and operates the relay driver based on the demand state signal. The relay is configured to power off the load device of the electrical device irrespective of the main control operation of the electrical device.
US08995104B2	Electrical over-current protection device An electrical component package has integrated therein first and second pairs of electrodes, wherein the first pair of electrodes are electrically isolated from the second pair of electrodes. A thermally sensitive positive temperature coefficient (PTC) conductive element abuts the first pair of terminals. Also integrated in the package is an electrical heating element that abuts the second pair of terminals, and receives a drive current for generating heat that is transferred to trip the PTC conductive element. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.
US08995102B2	Display and electrostatic discharge protection apparatus A display and an electrostatic discharge protection apparatus are disclosed, wherein the display includes a display module, a flex flat cable, a motherboard, and an electrostatic discharge protection apparatus. The flex flat cable is electrically connected with the display module and the motherboard; the electrostatic discharge protection apparatus is disposed between the flex flat cable and the display module. The electrostatic discharge protection apparatus has an isolation board and at least one isolation pad, the isolation board includes a first surface and a second surface, and at least one part of the first surface is attached to the flex flat cable; the isolation pad comprises a first isolation surface, and the first isolation surface is combined with the second surface.
US08995098B2	Miswire protection and annunciation of system conditions for arc fault circuit interrupters and other wiring devices Electrical distribution systems, equipment and wiring devices are required to have their wiring connections properly identified to ensure proper operation of connected loads as well as the safety of users, however, errors in installation do occur. Electrical wiring errors are commonly called miswire conditions. The current invention is an integrated system and method of miswire protection and annunciation of system conditions for Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) and other wiring devices, electrical systems and equipment. Electrical code and regulatory standards require certain wiring devices to include miswire protection with their standard features. These wiring devices, among others include Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) and Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) which are required to incorporate protection from miswire conditions with other electrical faults they are designed to protect circuits from, such as and including arc, ground, overload, short circuit, and surge.
US08995097B2	High voltage DC breaker apparatus A high voltage DC breaker apparatus configured to interrupt a fault current occurring in a high voltage DC conductor comprises a mechanical interrupter, at least one semiconductor device connected in series with the interrupter, an arrester connected in parallel with the semiconductor device and an LC-circuit connected in parallel with the series connection of the semiconductor device and the interrupter. A control unit is configured to, upon detection of a fault current, control switching of the semiconductor device at a frequency adapted to the values of an inductance and a capacitance of the LC-circuit for charging the capacitance by the fault current while making the current through the interrupter oscillating with an increasing amplitude and the interrupter to open for having the mechanical contacts thereof separated when current zero-crossing is reached for obtaining interruption of the fault current through the interrupter.
US08995093B2	Pivot bearing unit for hard disk actuator In an HDD actuator pivot bearing unit 10, an axial inner surface 22a of a shield cap 22 is formed into a stepped shape so that an axial minimum gap a1 with a shield member 14e of one bearing 14 is narrower than an axial minimum gap a2 with an outer ring 14b and so that an axial minimum gap a3 with a boundary position 14b3 between an axial end face of the outer ring 14 and an annular groove 14b1 is narrower than the axial minimum gap a2 with the outer ring 14. By doing so, the amount of air passing through an interior of the bearing can be reduced to thereby reduce outparticles.
US08995091B2	Magnetic head for thermally assisted magnetic recording A slider for magnetic data recording in a thermally assisted recording system. The slider has a slider body and a magnetic recording head formed on a trailing edge of the slider body. A first terminal is formed on a trailing edge surface of the recording head, and a second terminal is formed on a backside surface both the magnetic recording head and the slider body so as to extend across both the magnetic recording head and the slider body. An electrically conductive lead formed within the magnetic recording head connects the first lead with the second lead.
US08995088B1	Heat sink for a spin torque oscillator (STO) in microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) In accordance with one embodiment, a magnetic head includes a main pole configured to emit a recording magnetic field for affecting a magnetic medium, a spin torque oscillator (STO) device in electrical communication with and positioned above the main pole in a track direction, the STO device being configured to generate a high-frequency magnetic field which is superimposed with the recording magnetic field in order to record data to the magnetic medium when current flows to the STO device, and a heat sink positioned near the STO device, the heat sink being configured to reduce a temperature of the STO device when current flows to the STO device. In another embodiment, a method includes forming a heat sink behind a STO device in an element height direction perpendicular to a media facing surface, and/or on both sides of the STO device in a cross-track direction at the media facing surface.
US08995085B2	Magnetic recording head, magnetic head assembly, magnetic recording apparatus, and magnetic recording method An example magnetic recording apparatus includes a magnetic recording medium and a magnetic recording head. The magnetic recording head includes a first magnetic pole to apply a recording magnetic field to a magnetic recording medium, a spin torque oscillator provided parallel to the first magnetic pole, a first coil which surrounds the first magnetic pole, to magnetize the first magnetic pole, and a second coil to pass a current independently of the first coil and magnetize the first magnetic pole. A signal processor writes and reads a signal on the magnetic recording medium by using the magnetic recording head.
US08995082B1	Reducing acoustic noise in a disk drive when exiting idle mode A disk drive is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk comprising a plurality of tracks, wherein each track comprises a plurality of servo sectors. When entering an idle mode, the head is floated over the disk, and when exiting the idle mode, a radial velocity of the head is measured, a seek distance is determined in response to the radial velocity, and a seek operation seeks the head the seek distance to a first track.
US08995073B1	Data storage mediums and devices having bit patterned media Apparatuses, devices, and systems are presented with servo and data pattern formation using multi-dot arrays. In one example, an apparatus may comprise a data storage medium including a first patterned array of dots of magnetic material, a second patterned array of dots of magnetic material, and a non-magnetic space located between the first patterned array and second patterned array. In another example, a system may comprise a processor configured to store data to a data storage medium, the data storage medium including a first dot composite including a first patterned array of dots of magnetic material, a second dot composite including a second patterned array of dots of magnetic material, and a non-magnetic space located between the first dot composite and second dot composite. An order in which a dot composite and a non-magnetic space occur may define the value of one bit.
US08995072B1	Servo system with signal to noise ratio marginalization A servo system includes a detector circuit operable to apply a data detection algorithm to digital data to yield hard decisions, a convolution circuit operable to yield ideal digital data based on the hard decisions and on target values, a subtraction circuit operable to subtract the ideal digital data from the digital data to yield an error signal, a scaling circuit operable to scale the error signal to yield a scaled noise signal, an adder operable to add the scaled noise signal to the digital data to yield noise-added digital data, and a second detector circuit operable to apply a second data detection algorithm to the noise-added digital data to yield output hard decisions.
US08995071B2	Monitoring of residual encrypted data to improve erase performance on a magnetic medium In one embodiment, a system includes a processor, logic in the processor and/or memory configured to determine a physical position on a magnetic medium that corresponds to an end of encrypted data written over residual unencrypted data, and logic configured to store an indicator of the physical position on at least one of the magnetic medium and a memory coupled thereto. In another embodiment, a method includes determining a physical position on a magnetic medium that corresponds to an end of encrypted data written over residual unencrypted data, storing an indicator of the physical position on at least one of the magnetic medium and a memory coupled thereto.
US08995070B2	Garbage collection based on functional block size An execution environment for functional code may treat application segments as individual programs for memory management. A larger program of application may be segmented into functional blocks that receive an input and return a value, but operate without changing state of other memory objects. The program segments may have memory pages allocated to the segments by the operating system as other full programs, and may deallocate memory pages when the segments finish operating. Functional programming languages and imperative programming languages may define program segments explicitly or implicitly, and the program segments may be identified at compile time or runtime.
US08995065B2	Imaging lens and imaging apparatus An imaging lens includes: a first lens group; a second lens group having positive refractive power; and a third lens group having negative refractive power, which are arranged in order from an object side, wherein the first lens group includes a front lens group having a negative lens in a most object side, a diaphragm, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power, wherein the second lens group includes a first lens having negative refractive power, a second lens having positive refractive power, and a third lens having positive refractive power in an order from the object side, and wherein, when focusing is performed, the second lens group is moved in an optical axis direction.
US08995064B2	Zoom lens, imaging apparatus, and method for manufacturing zoom lens Disclosed is a zoom lens having a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 is changed, a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 is changed, and the fourth lens group G4 is moved toward the object first, then moved toward an image. The third lens group G3 has a first positive lens L31, a negative lens L32 and a second positive lens L33, and the fourth lens group G4 has two lenses: L41 and L42.
US08995061B2	Speckle reduction using lenslet integrator Disclosed herein are techniques for the reduction speckle of a projection display system using novel lenslet integrators and related methods. In one embodiment, a lenslet integrator system for reducing speckle on a display screen may comprise a first lenslet array configured to receive incoming light for use in displaying an image on a display screen. Specifically, the first lenslet array has motion sufficient to reduce speckle by averaging multiple speckle patterns across its array. Such an exemplary system may also include a second lenslet array configured to receive light that is roughly focused from the moving first lenslet array, due to the motion of the first array. In addition, such systems may also include an output lens configured to receive light focused from the second lenslet array for output from the system for illumination of the display screen.
US08995057B2	Diffractive optical element and measurement instrument A diffractive optical element includes: a first diffractive element in which a plurality of basic units are two-dimensionally arranged; and a second diffractive element in which a plurality of basic units are two-dimensionally arranged, wherein when a direction in which the basic units are arranged in the first diffractive element is a first direction, a direction in which the basic units are arranged in the second diffractive element is a second direction, an angle φ between the first direction and the second direction is such that −\|φ1\|<φ<\|φ1\|, and φ≠0, sin φ1=−α/Δx where a closest distance of zero-order light generated when the diffracted light generated by the first diffractive element is further incident on the second diffractive element is Δx and a closest distance of the diffracted light and stray light generated by the second diffractive element is α.
US08995054B2	Apparatus for generating pulse train with adjustable time interval An apparatus for generating a pulse train with an adjustable time interval is provided. The apparatus, being an annular optical cavity structure, includes a seed source receiving end, a pump source receiving end, an optical coupler, an optical combiner, a gain fiber, an optical path time regulator and a beam splitter. Thus, the apparatus is capable of generating a pulse train with an adjustable time interval to increase material processing quality and speed.
US08995049B2	Method and apparatus for suppression of stimulated brillouin scattering using polarization control with a birefringent delay element A method and apparatus for suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) includes a master oscillator (MO) that generates a beam; a birefringent element that receives and transmits the beam, wherein the beam is transmitted with a transmission delay between two orthogonal axes; a polarization controller that receives the beam and transmits the beam with a desired polarization; a fiber amplifier that receives the beam, amplifies the beam, and transmits a beam; a compensating birefringent element that receives the beam, approximately removes the transmission delay between the two axes of the beam, and transmits an output beam; and a polarization detector that detects the output beam's polarization and provides feedback to the polarization controller to ensure that the polarization of the output beam is approximately equal to a desired output polarization, so as to reduce SBS.
US08995042B2	Electrochromic thin film, electrochromic device, and manufacturing method thereof An electrochromic thin film, an electrochromic device, and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The electrochromic device comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other, a first transparent electrically-conductive layer provided on the inner side of the first substrate, a second transparent electrically-conductive layer provided on the inner side of the second substrate, an organic-inorganic electrochromic thin film provided between the first transparent electrically-conductive layer and the second transparent electrically-conductive layer. The organic-inorganic electrochromic thin film is obtained by forming a mesh-like microsphere-film on the first transparent electrically-conductive layer; forming an inorganic electrochromic film in the voids of the microsphere-film and removing the microsphere-film; and making the inorganic electrochromic film and an organic electrochromic solution undergo a polymerization reaction.
US08995029B2	Ultrashort laser micro-texture printing Systems and methods for providing laser texturing of solid substrates are disclosed. The texturing may be used to provide grayscale images obtainable from substrates, which may include steel, aluminum, glass, and silicon. In some embodiments, images may be obtainable from the substrate by modifying the reflective, diffractive, and/or absorptive features of the substrate or the substrate surface by forming random, periodic, and/or semi-periodic micro-structure features on the substrate (or substrate surface) by an ultrafast laser pulse train. The ultrafast pulse train may be modulated in order to vary, for example, optical exposure time, pulse train intensity, laser polarization, laser wavelength, or a combination of the aforementioned. The ultrafast pulse train and the substrate may be scanned with respect to each other to provide different optical energies to different regions of the substrate (or substrate surface). In some embodiments, the image is provided by making one or more passes of the ultrafast laser pulse train relative to the substrate.
US08995024B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and program An image processing apparatus includes an input unit configured to input an instruction to perform color conversion, a color conversion unit to perform color conversion based on the instruction by using a first color matching profile, and a display unit configured to display a message which indicates that an effect of color conversion on the vividness of an image is small, in a case where a color difference between the image on which color conversion has been performed by using the first color matching profile and the image on which color conversion has been performed by using a second color matching profile is less than a color matching threshold value.
US08995011B2	Calibration performed in image formation apparatus to maintain image quality An image formation apparatus performs calibration to maintain image quality. An adding unit performs addition processing to add an arbitrary type of printing medium different from a printing medium designated in advance as a printing medium usable for the calibration. A storage unit stores characteristic information indicating characteristics of each of a plurality of arbitrary types of printing media added by the adding unit. A determination unit determines an arbitrary type of printing medium relatively approximate to the characteristics of the printing medium designated in advance by comparing the characteristic information of each of the plurality of arbitrary types of printing media with the characteristics of the printing medium designated in advance. A calibration performing unit performs the calibration using the printing medium determined by the determination unit.
US08994997B2	Image reading apparatus An image reading apparatus a chassis, a sheet supporting unit disposed on the chassis configured to receive a sheet of a document placed thereon, a reading unit movably disposed on the chassis and configured to read an image on the sheet placed on the sheet supporting unit while moving in a predetermined direction, a reference member provided at a side portion of the sheet supporting unit, the sheet being placed on the sheet supporting unit such that one end of the sheet contacts the reference member, and an electrostatic capacitive touch key unit disposed on a side portion of the chassis is provided. Additionally, the reference member and the electrostatic capacitive touch key unit are arranged at opposite side portions, in the predetermined direction, of the chassis.
US08994987B2	Achievement-based compensation for a print service provider A method and system for tracking and calculating achievement-based compensation for a print service provider. The method includes determining one or more print services associated with a print job to be completed, receiving information indicating at least one of the one or more print services has been completed by a worker, updating a job ticket associated with the job to be completed to indicate that at least one of the one or more print services has been completed, and determining a compensation level for the worker based upon a rate of compensation associated with the one or more completed print services. The system includes various computer system for implementing the method.
US08994985B2	Systems and methods for updating printing device capabilities Systems and methods that generate initial printing device capabilities data including one or more initial printing device capabilities based on the initial print ticket markup language data, receive second print ticket markup language data, generate updated printing device capabilities data including one or more updated printing device capabilities based on the second print ticket markup language data, and generate one or more changed printing device capabilities markup language data based on the initial printing device capabilities data and the updated printing device capabilities data, wherein the one or more changed printing device capabilities markup language data includes one or more changed printing device capabilities that indicate differences between the one or more initial printing device capabilities and the one or more updated printing device capabilities.
US08994983B2	Image processing apparatus, image processing method, image processing system, and storage medium An image processing apparatus connected to a network in which a plurality of devices having a transmission request reception function for transmitting a transmission-requested image to a designated destination is installed and including an address book used for registering destination data indicating the designated destination includes an address registration unit configured to register, in the address book, transmission request destination data designating one of the plurality of devices and the destination data in association with each other, an address designation unit configured to designate the destination data registered by the address registration unit, an image designation unit configured to designate an image to be transmitted, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the image designated by the image designation unit and the destination data designated by the address designation unit to the device designated by the transmission request destination data associated with the destination data.
US08994973B2	User terminal apparatus and method of controlling thereof A user terminal apparatus to connect to an image forming apparatus having a scan function to be driven on an operating system of Windows 8™ includes a storage to store a metro application which displays a user interface window to receive a command to perform a scan job and a V4 driver to communicate with the image forming apparatus, a user interface to perform the scan job of the image forming apparatus by utilizing the user interface window provided by the metro application, if the metro application implements, a communicating interface to request and receive address information of the image forming apparatus by utilizing the V4 driver, and a controller to control the communicating interface to transmit the command to perform the scan job to the image forming apparatus based on the received address information and to receive the scan data corresponding to the command to perform the scan job.
US08994972B2	Printing system and method for obtaining a desired or an alternative pull-printing result A printing system includes an image forming apparatus, a management server, and a print data transmission apparatus, each of which are coupled one another via a network. The print transmission apparatus transmits print data to the management server in association with a user. The image forming apparatus, including apparatus-supported setting data, (i) causes the management server to authenticate the user, and (ii) prints the print data. The management server (i) manages the print data transmitted from the print data transmission apparatus, (ii) performs authentication of the user, and changes the print data associated with the user to supported print data corresponding to the apparatus-supported setting data, and (iii) transmits the supported print data to the image forming apparatus, if the authentication of the user is successful.
US08994970B2	Information processing apparatus, control method, and storage medium An information processing apparatus includes a first selection unit configured to receive selection of a first device object having a first function of an output apparatus via a setting screen, a second selection unit configured to select a second device object having a second function of the output apparatus, which corresponds to the first device object selected by the first selection unit, and a setting unit configured to set both the first device object selected by the first selection unit and the second device object selected by the second selection unit to a virtual device object, wherein the first function differs from the second function.
US08994966B2	Method of changing position of menu in image forming apparatus and image forming apparatus configured to change position of menu A method of changing a position of a menu in an image forming apparatus includes displaying a screen of a first mode user interface having menus for a use of a function of the apparatus, selecting any one menu of the first mode user interface, shifting the selected menu to a second mode user interface, and deleting the selected menu from the screen of the first mode user interface, adding and displaying the selected menu to a screen of the second mode user interface When the first mode is a user mode, the second mode is a manger mode, and when the first mode is the administrator mode, the second mode is a user mode.
US08994954B2	System and method for stabilizing mode locked swept laser for OCT medical imaging An optical coherence analysis system uses a laser swept source that is constrained to operate in a stable mode locked condition by modulating a drive current to the semiconductor optical amplifier as function of wavelength or synchronously with the drive voltage of the laser's tunable element based on stability map for the laser.
US08994945B2	Method of treatment analysis with particle imaging A method for determining the effectiveness of the treatment of a fluid for the purpose of reducing or eliminating particles in the fluid. The method includes the steps of obtaining samples of the fluid before and after treatment, delivering the samples to a particle imaging system, obtaining image information of particles in the samples, including particle colors, and comparing the difference in particle color from the first sample to the second sample. A change in particle color detected is indicative of particle death.
US08994943B2	Selectivity by polarization Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide selectivity for imaging devices and systems. Polarization may be applied to emitted light radiation and/or received light radiation to select a desired imaging result. Using polarization, an imaging device or system can pass desired light radiation having desired information and reject unwanted or stray light radiation.
US08994938B2	Raman spectroscopy using diffractive MEMS A Raman spectrometer including a laser excitation source, edge filters, and detection optics that direct light into a spectrograph. A spectrograph containing a dispersive element and optics that directs various wavelengths of light onto a segmented diffractive MEMS light modulator array. The MEMS array, depending on actuation state, directs light either to or away from a single detector. Control electronics drive the MEMS light modulator for either sequential wavelength measurement or multiplexed wavelength measurement (Hadamard for example).
US08994936B2	Pattern matching method, apparatus and line width measuring machine The present invention discloses a pattern matching method, which is used in measurement process for line width measuring machine, comprising: reading a standard pattern used for matching on the at least one predetermined position of a measured sample; respectively comparing each standard pattern of the measured sample with prestored multiple designed original images corresponding to the standard pattern; determining that the pattern matching is successful if the standard pattern on the measured sample successfully compares with at least one designed original image, and proceeding with the subsequent line width measurement process; otherwise, determining that the pattern matching is failed. The present invention also discloses a corresponding pattern matching method and a line width measuring machine. According to the embodiment of the present invention, it can improve the accuracy and the success rate of the pattern matching when measuring the line width.
US08994933B2	Apparatus and method for characterizing a replica tape An apparatus and method are provided for characterizing a replica tape which has been embossed, compressed or cast on a surface of a material to be measured to replicate that surface. The replica tape is secured between first and second holding components such that a compressible surface of the replica tape is secured against the first holding component. A light source transmits light through the second holding component, the replica tape and the first holding component. An image sensor measures intensity of the light respectively transmitted through at least two measurement points of the compressible surface of the replica tape. A processing unit converts the measured light intensity transmitted through the at least two measurement points into at least two data values each respectively relating to a measurement statistic of the replica tape at a corresponding one of the at least two measurement points, respectively.
US08994926B2	Optical proximity sensors using echo cancellation techniques to detect one or more objects An optical sensor includes a driver, light detector and echo canceller. The driver is adapted to selectively drive a light source. The light detector is adapted to produce a detection signal indicative of an intensity of light detected by the light detector. The echo canceller is adapted to produce an echo cancellation signal that is combined with the detection signal produced by the light detector to produce an echo cancelled detection signal having a predetermined target magnitude (e.g., zero). The echo canceller includes a coefficient generator that is adapted to produce echo cancellation coefficients indicative of distance(s) to one or more objects, if any, within the sense region of the optical sensor. The optical sensor can also include a proximity detector adapted to detect distance(s) to one or more objects within the sense region of the optical sensor based on the echo cancellation coefficients generated by the coefficient generator.
US08994924B2	Movable body apparatus, movable body drive method, exposure apparatus, exposure method, and device manufacturing method A drive system drives a movable body, based on measurement results of a first measurement system which measures the position of the movable body in an XY plane by irradiating a measurement beam from an arm member on a grating placed on a surface parallel to the XY plane of the movable body. In this case, because a configuration in which the arm member irradiates a measurement beam on the grating is employed, there is no adverse effect due to the drive of the moving body, unlike the case when an encoder system is arranged on a stage surface plate. Accordingly, it becomes possible to drive the movable body with good precision.
US08994923B2	Movable body apparatus, exposure apparatus, exposure method, and device manufacturing method In measurement of a positional information in the XY plane of a fine movement stage held by a coarse movement stage, an encoder system is used including a head which is placed facing a grating placed on a surface substantially parallel to the XY plane of the fine movement stage and irradiates a measurement beam on the grating. Then, the fine movement stage is driven individually or integrally with the coarse movement stage by a drive system, based on the positional information measured by the encoder system. In this case, the head of the encoder system can be placed in proximity to the fine movement stage (the grating), which allows a highly precise measurement of the positional information of the fine movement stage by the encoder system.
US08994921B2	Scatterometer and lithographic apparatus A scatterometer for measuring a property of a substrate includes a focus sensing arrangement including an arrangement (65) that directs a first beam of radiation onto a focusing arrangement, to be detected by a focus sensor arrangement (61). A focus controller (67) provides control signals representative of the relative positions of the focusing arrangement (15, 69) and the substrate (W), which are required to focus the first beam of radiation on the substrate. An actuator arrangement adjusts the position of the focusing arrangement dependent on the control signals. An irradiation arrangement directs a second beam of radiation onto the substrate using the focusing arrangement, a measurement detector (18) detecting the second radiation beam after reflection from the substrate. A focus offset arrangement adjusts the focus produced by the focusing arrangement to compensate for an offset between the focusing of the first beam of radiation and the second beam of radiation.
US08994917B2	Temperature stabilization system to stabilize a temperature of an article An article support is constructed to support an article. The article support includes a back fill structure constructed to supply and extract a thermal buffering fluid to and from the article support. The back fill structure is connected to an extraction duct that is constructed and arranged to extract at least a gas phase of the thermal buffering fluid from the back fill structure. The back fill structure is connected to a supply duct, constructed and arranged to supply a liquid phase of the thermal buffering fluid to the back fill structure. The back fill structure is arranged to have the thermal buffering fluid brought in a combined liquid and gas phase to thermally connect with the article.
US08994916B2	Double-sided maskless exposure system and method A double-sided maskless exposure system and method consists of light sources which includes two light wavelength segments, maskless optical engines in which a 2D spatial light modulation (spatial light modulator) device, such as DMD, is generating a plurality of pixel array of the pattern, vision system, moving substrate and computer control system. The double-sided maskless exposure system at least includes two maskless optical engines with auto-calibration function which can correct any alignment error in-line. Each optical engine is for each side of the substrate. The optical engines are aligned each other in pairs and are simultaneously patterning on each side of the moving substrate. The system also includes a manipulator for moving, stepping or scanning the optical engines, relative to the substrate so that it can create a contiguous whole image on the both sides of the subject.
US08994908B2	Liquid crystal display device In a liquid crystal display device, a light shielding film, a color filter, an overcoat film, and an alignment film are formed in this order on a counter substrate. However, the alignment film is not formed in a seal portion. When the alignment film is subjected to photo-alignment with ultraviolet radiation, a portion of the overcoat film not covered with the alignment film is degraded by ultraviolet radiation. In order to prevent moisture penetrating from the degraded overcoat film from reaching the light shielding film to thereby alter the light shielding film and from causing the peeling of the light shielding film, the color filter is disposed below the overcoat film to block the moisture.
US08994903B2	Liquid crystal display A liquid crystal display includes a display panel having a plurality of pixels. The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposing each other. A liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate. A pixel electrode is positioned on the first substrate and positioned in one pixel of the plurality of pixels. An opposing electrode faces the pixel electrode with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. At least one of the pixel electrode and the opposing electrode includes a liquid crystal inclination direction determining member. A transmission region of the pixel includes a first region and a second region that have different cell gaps of the liquid crystal layer from each other and extension directions of the liquid crystal inclination direction determining member in the first region and the second region are different from each other.
US08994902B2	Transparent display device and manufacturing method thereof A display device includes; a first substrate, a second substrate disposed substantially opposite to the first substrate, a third substrate disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a color display layer disposed between the first substrate and the third substrate, the color display layer comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal, a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the color display layer, a color conversion layer disposed between the third substrate and the second substrate, and a third electrode and a fourth electrode electrically connected to the color conversion layer.
US08994897B2	Reflective liquid crystal display device and method for manufacturing the same There is provided a reflective liquid crystal display device including a first liquid crystal panel containing a first liquid crystal material that reflects light of a first color, a second liquid crystal panel containing a second liquid crystal material that reflects light of a second color and a third liquid crystal material that reflects light of a third color, the second and third liquid crystal materials positioned to be distinct from each other, and a light absorption layer that is bonded to a lower surface of the second liquid crystal panel, wherein the second liquid crystal panel is bonded to a lower surface of the first liquid crystal panel, and the first to third liquid crystal materials reflect light in a planar state and transmit light in a focal conic state.
US08994896B2	Surface light source and liquid crystal display device A light emitting device including a lens in which light radiated from a light source with a wide angle can effectively be oriented while a directional characteristic of the light source is expanded is provided, and a surface light source including the light emitting devices and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The surface light source is configured such that the plural light emitting devices are disposed in a central portion thereof. The light emitting device radiates the light on an optical axis A and around the optical axis A. The light emitting device includes a light source and a lens that radially expands the light from the light source. The lens includes a reflection unit at a bottom surface of the lens partially.
US08994895B2	Backlight module and liquid crystal display apparatus The present invention provides a backlight module and a liquid crystal display apparatus. The backlight module comprises a light guide plate; a base disposed at one side of the light guide plate; a light source disposed on the base; and a reflective element configured to reflect light rays which are emitted from the light source to a light-incident surface of the light guide plate, wherein the reflective element includes a reflective curved surface and a first reflective plane connected thereto. The backlight module and the liquid crystal display apparatus of the present invention can have a high coupling efficiency.
US08994888B2	Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same A display apparatus including a first substrate including a pixel area; a gate line disposed on the first substrate; a data line disposed on the first substrate and insulated from the gate line; an insulating layer pattern interposed between the gate line and the data line in an area where the gate line and the data line overlap; a gate insulating layer interposed between the gate line and the data line; a pixel electrode disposed in the pixel area; and a second substrate facing the first substrate.
US08994884B2	Broadcast receiver and electronic device According to one embodiment, a broadcast receiver includes a housing, a circuit board, a module, a holder, and a buffer. The housing is provided with a wall. The circuit board is housed in the housing and includes a first connector. The module includes a second connector to be electrically connected to the first connector and fits to the first connector with a gap therebetween. The module is movable between a first position where the length of connected portions of the first connector and the second connector is short and a second position where the length of the connected portions is long. The holder holds the module. The buffer is provided to the holder and is bent along with the movement of the module from the first position to the second position.
US08994880B2	System and methods for automatic power saving via device location identification A system for automatically setting a power saving mode according to a location of a device, such as a TV. The system includes an interface, e.g. GPS receiver, terrestrial broadcast receiver, network interface, etc. for coupling the device to one or more external devices; a processor; programming executable on said processor for performing the following steps: determining the location of the device via communication with the one or more external devices; establishing a power consumption mode according to the determined location of the device and one or more power consumption regulatory requirements associated with said device location; and adjusting a function of the device to modify the power consumption of the device according to said power consumption mode.
US08994879B2	Method and apparatus for audio and video synchronization timestamp rollover correction There are provided methods and apparatus for audio and video synchronization timestamp rollover correction. A synchronization apparatus includes a synchronizer for providing synchronization information for synchronizing a video stream with an audio stream during any point in a broadcast thereof irrespective of whether the video stream and the audio stream have different rollover points for their respective timestamps. The synchronization information is encoded for an out of band transmission with respect to the broadcast of the audio and video streams.
US08994874B2	Image capture apparatus and control method therefor Subject distances of a plurality of subject areas included in a captured image are computed based on a plurality of focus evaluation values indicating in-focus positions of a plurality of focus detection areas set in the captured image. Upon detection of a change in the captured image, the subject distances of the plurality of subject areas are re-computed by re-moving a focus lens. In this case, a driving range of the focus lens includes in-focus positions corresponding to previously-calculated subject distances and corresponds to the distribution of the previously-calculated subject distances.
US08994865B2	Information communication method An information communication method that obtains information from a subject includes setting an exposure time of an image sensor that, in an image obtained, a bright line corresponding to each of a plurality of exposure lines included in the image sensor appears, according to a change in luminance of the subject. A bright line image, in which the bright line is shown along with surroundings of the subject, is obtained by starting exposure of each of the exposure lines included in the image sensor at a sequentially different time. The bright line image is displayed and information is obtained when, in the bright line image, a part corresponding to the bright line is tapped, by demodulating data specified by a direction generally perpendicular to the exposure line in a pattern of the bright line corresponding to the tapped part.
US08994850B2	Apparatus and method for photographing information management A photographing information management method, which includes: judging whether there is equality between photographing position information added to an image file stored in an external storage medium which is detachably attachable to an imaging apparatus and photographing position information stored in an internal memory of the imaging apparatus; and when it is judged that the two pieces of photographing position information have the equality, displaying an image and the photographing position information of the image file on a display screen of the imaging apparatus.
US08994846B2	Image processing apparatus and image processing method for detecting displacement between images having different in-focus positions An image processing apparatus comprises an image capturing unit which captures a plurality of images having different in-focus positions; a defocus amount calculating unit which calculates a defocus amount of an image captured by the image capturing unit; a filtering unit which performs filtering on an original image according to the defocus amount calculated by the defocus amount calculating unit; and a displacement amount detecting unit which detects a displacement amount between the images having different in-focus positions using the image on which filtering was performed by the filtering unit.
US08994837B2	Image processing devices and image processing methods of moving objects In an embodiment, an image processing device is provided. The image processing device may include: a first image acquirer configured to acquire a first image of a first spatial resolution; a second image acquirer configured to acquire a second image of a second spatial resolution, wherein the second spatial resolution may be higher than the first spatial resolution; a determiner configured to determine in the first image a location of a part of the first image that corresponds to a pre-determined part of the second image based on a pre-determined similarity criterion; and a copying circuit configured to copy the pre-determined part of the second image to a location in an output image based on the determined location.
US08994835B2	Exposure control technique for image capturing apparatus and method of controlling same An image capturing apparatus receives shake information detected by, for example, a sensor which detects a shake, and determines whether the hold status of the image capturing apparatus is handheld or fixed, based on the shake information (first shake determination). Also, the image capturing apparatus sequentially acquires images output upon photoelectric conversion by charge-accumulation type photoelectric conversion elements, and determines whether the hold status is handheld or fixed, based on an image displacement between the images (second shake determination). The exposure settings at the time of image capturing are changed between the case wherein it is determined by first shake determination that the hold status is fixed, and that wherein it is determined by second shake determination that the hold status is fixed.
US08994830B2	Access to video streams on mobile communication devices A method and apparatus to provide access to video streams associated with communication channels in a communication network are described. The method may comprise monitoring selection of a communication channel by a user of a mobile communication device, identifying at least one video feed associated with the selected channel, and providing access to the mobile communication device to the selected at least one video feed. Providing access may comprise associating the selected video stream with the mobile communication device.
US08994825B2	Vehicle rear view camera system and method A computer-implemented method for reconstructing and displaying an image of an area behind a vehicle. The method includes capturing, by an image capturing device, an image of the area behind the vehicle; receiving, at a controller, the captured image; separating, by the controller, the image into three image pieces; correcting, at the controller, the middle image piece by using a distortion correction algorithm; cropping, at the controller, the first and second side image pieces into a rectangular format; converting, at the controller, the first and second image pieces into a trapezoidal format; aligning, at the controller, the two side image pieces with the corrected middle image piece; and creating, at the controller, a continuous image of the area behind the vehicle.
US08994822B2	Infrastructure mapping system and method An imaging sensor system comprising: a mount unit affixed to a vehicle or a platform and having at least three imaging sensors disposed within the mount unit, wherein a first, second and third imaging sensor each has a focal axis passing through an aperture in the mount unit, wherein the first image sensor generates a first image area of the target area comprising a first array of pixels, wherein the second image sensor generates a second image area of the target area comprising a first array of pixels, wherein the first and second imaging sensors are offset to have a first image overlap area in the target area, wherein the first sensors image data bisects the second sensors image data in the first image overlap area.
US08994819B2	Integrated optical detection system An optical detection system integrated within an electro-optical sighting and/or scanning system and a method to perform a rapid wide area search are disclosed. In one example, an integrated optics detection subsystem is configured with one-the-move processing methods to perform the optics defeat functions to during a wide area search or sector scan performed by the host electro-optical sighting system.
US08994815B2	Method of extracting contour lines of image data obtained by means of charged particle beam device, and contour line extraction device The present invention is intended to provide a contour extraction method and a contour extraction device with an objective of either suppression of unnecessary contouring processings or selective contouring of necessary portions. To attain the objective, provided are a contour extraction method, and a device, with which contours of pattern edges on an image formed based on charged particles emitted from a sample are extracted and, when contouring of a pattern located in an overlapping region provided in connecting images of plural image-capturing regions to form a synthesized image is performed, either areas of the pattern in the plurality of image-capturing regions, or a pre-set measurement portion is found, and selective contour extraction of the pattern with respect to an image of an image-capturing region is carried out either on a side where the area is large, or on a side where a measurement portion regarding the pattern is located.
US08994812B2	Optical sensor for detecting the liquid level in a container, in particular for a removable container for an electric household appliance and associated lens and method An optical sensor including a photo emitting element and a photo receiving element carried side-by-side by a supporting and feeding element either associated or associable in use with a support for a container, and a composite lens, either associated or associable with the container, designed so as to remain in use immersed in a liquid contained in the container and facing the photo emitting and photo receiving elements; the lens including: a first cylindrical body made of a light-permeable material, mountable in use vertically from the top of the container facing the photo emitting and photo receiving elements to a bottom wall of the container; and a second cylindrical body, arranged concentrically with and outside the first body and open towards the bottom wall; respective side walls of the first and second cylindrical bodies having the same length, that of the second body being separated from that of the first body by a predetermined annular clearance, and being made so as to be at least partially reflecting towards the first cylindrical body.
US08994810B2	Magnification observation device Provided is a magnification observation device capable of easily moving an observation object in a desired direction even when a stage is rotated, and capable of preventing a desired region of the observation object from going outside an imaging region due to rotation of the stage. The observation object is placed on the placement surface of the stage. The observation object is imaged by an imaging unit, to acquire image data of the imaging region. Based on the image data acquired by the imaging unit, an image of the observation object is displayed by the display part as an observed image. The stage is moved relatively with respect to the imaging unit along an xt-axis and a yt-axis. In this case, moving amounts along the xt-axis and the yt-axis are controlled based on a rotational angle detected by a rotational angle detecting part.
US08994806B2	Microscope apparatus chronologically storing different types of image information A microscope apparatus organizes and stores a plurality of types of image information acquired by a plurality of image acquisition methods at different timings. The microscope apparatus includes a time counting unit for counting time, a plurality of different image acquisition units, and a storage unit for storing image information, when acquired by any one of the image acquisition units, and timing information counted by the time counting unit, by having them associated with each other. Even if the image acquisition units acquire different types of image information at different timings, the timing information can be used to call up the image information stored in the storage unit in a chronological order.
US08994798B2	3D TV display system with sensor detecting an optical tool A wall fixture supports at least one display screen and a display shelf. The display shelf is located adjacent the display screen and includes a holder for housing a pair of three-dimensional (3D) glasses that are tethered to the holder The display screen displays two-dimensional (2D) media content. In response to receiving an indication from a presence sensor that the 3D glasses located in a glasses holder of the display shelf have been removed from the glasses holder, 3D media content is displayed on the display monitor.
US08994787B2	Video signal processing device and video signal processing method A video signal processing device processes a 3D video signal including a left-eye image and a right-eye image. The video signal processing device includes an OSD control unit generating a left-eye superimposition image and a right-eye superimposition image, an OSD superimposing unit superimposing the left-eye superimposition image on the left-eye image and the right-eye superimposition image on the right-eye image, so as to generate an output image, and a video output unit providing the output image. The OSD control unit includes a first register holding a left-eye parameter for generating the left-eye superimposition image, and a second register holding a right-eye parameter for generating the right-eye superimposition image. The OSD control unit generates the left-eye superimposition image and the right-eye superimposition image by shifting positions of pixels in a predetermined image based on the left-eye parameter and the right-eye parameter.
US08994776B2	Customizable robotic system A telepresence robot uses a series of connectible modules and preferably includes a head module adapted to receive and cooperate with a third party telecommunication device that includes a display screen. The module design provides cost advantages with respect to shipping and storage while also allowing flexibility in robot configuration and specialized applications.
US08994769B2	Optical writing head and image forming apparatus An optical writing head allows the formation of a light collective spot with a small diameter and the acquisition of a deep focal depth to go together. An optical writing head includes a light emitting element array in which a plurality of light emitting elements is arranged, and a lens system including a lens array configured to concentrate luminous flux radiated from the light emitting element to a predetermined image plane, in which the lens system is telecentric on the image side and satisfies the following conditional expression, where a wavelength at which luminous flux radiated from the light emitting element has a peak light intensity is λ0, axial chromatic aberration of a wavelength having a light intensity approximately 0.81 times the peak light intensity is Δsk, and the numerical aperture of the lens system on the image side is NA. Δ sk > λ 0 2 ⁢ 1 NA ⁡ ( λ 0 ) 2
US08994759B2	Display A display capable of performing optimum stereoscopic display according to a view position is provided. A display includes: a display section including a plurality of first pixels to a plurality of nth pixels, where n is an integer of 4 or more, and displaying a plurality of perspective images assigned to the first to nth pixels; a detection section detecting a view position of a viewer; and a display control section varying the number of the plurality of perspective images assigned to the first to nth pixels and varying a correspondence relationship between the first to nth pixels and the perspective images, according to the view position of the viewer.
US08994751B1	Method and system for placing an object on a user A method, system and computer program product for placing an image of an object on an image of user is provided. First, image boundaries are detected in the image of the user and converted into a set of line segments. A pair of line segments is evaluated according to a function that combines subscores of the pair of line segments to produce a score. The subscores of the line segments are computed based on various properties such as orientation difference, extent, proximity to the center of the image, bilateral symmetry, and the number of skin-colored pixels. A pair of line segments with the highest score is chosen as the boundaries for the image of the user and is used to determine the position, orientation, and extent of the object. The image of the object is then transformed according to the determined parameters and combined with the image of the user to produce the desired result.
US08994749B2	Methods, apparatus and systems for generating searchable electronic records of underground facility locate and/or marking operations Generating a searchable electronic record of a locate operation performed by a locate technician. The locate operation comprises identifying, using at least one physical locate mark, a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility within a dig area, wherein at least a portion of the dig area may be excavated or disturbed during excavation activities. A bare grid is displayed on display device and, via a user input device associated with the display device, at least one digital representation of the at least one physical locate mark is added to the displayed bare grid so as to generate a marked-up grid including the at least one digital representation of the at least one physical locate mark. Information relating to the marked-up grid is electronically transmitted and/or stored so as to generate the searchable electronic record of the locate operation.
US08994747B2	Superimposed display of image contours Disclosed are computer-implemented methods, systems, and computer program products for displaying superimposed image contours. A first centroid or center-of-mass of a contour extracted from a first image that depicts a moving object as the object appeared at a first time is calculated. A second centroid or center-of-mass of a second contour extracted from a second image that depicts the object as the object appeared at a second time is also calculated. The second image depicts the object in substantially the same plane as the first image. The first and second contours are displayed with the respective first and second centroids or centers-of-mass positioned at a common location. In some implementations, the images are ultrasound images depicting, for example, a human heart. The images can be transgastric short axis views of the human heart.
US08994745B2	Information processor, information processing method and program Provided is an information processor, including a selection section that selects a set of content data satisfying a predetermined condition from a group of content data each associated with a piece of positional information representing a position in a feature space prescribed based on a predetermined feature amount as metadata, and a display format selection control section that selects a display format for displaying at least a part of the feature space and the set of the content data selected by the selection section in accordance with a display screen. The display format selection control section is configured to display an object which includes a direction indicator indicating a direction of existence of the set of the relevant content data within the display screen, and further integrate the relevant plurality of direction indicators into a new direction indicator to display the new direction indicator on the display screen.
US08994744B2	Method and system for mastering and distributing enhanced color space content A method and system for mastering and distributing enhanced color space content for different display devices (target color space) having display capabilities beyond that of CRT color space. The content creator(s) establishes base or reference color space and enhanced color space data for each target color space. The enhanced color space data is stored as metadata and transmitted over an enhanced color channel separately from the base/reference color space. Both the base/reference data and metadata are encoded before transmission and decoded on the consumer side either by a separate decoder or a display device having an integrated decoder. In other aspects of the invention, auxiliary data relating to the target color space, such as, for example, brightness, luminance, contrast and other display settings can be transmitted over the enhanced color channel and decoded to control the target color space settings (i.e., display settings). The color adjustment metadata could be included in the auxiliary data or maintained separate from the same depending on the desired implementation.
US08994743B2	Virtual cellular staining Systems and methods are used to display cell structures of a biological cell. A plurality of cell structures of a biological cell is stored and for each cell structure of the plurality of cell structures one or more stain colors are stored. A selected cell structure is received from an input device. One or more stain colors of the selected cell structure are retrieved. The one or more stain colors of the selected cell structure are displayed. A selected stain color is received from the input device. The selected cell structure is displayed in the selected stain color in an exemplary cell image. Further, a three-dimensional image of a biological cell is stored. The three-dimensional image is displayed on a display that includes a touch screen. A movement selection is received from the touch screen. The three-dimensional image is displayed on the display according to the movement selection.
US08994734B2	Package definition system A method and system for defining a package uses a graph representation of the package to create and implement a package generation rule set. The graph representation uses links and nodes to represent the relationships between various facet, edges and functional elements of the package.
US08994722B2	Method for enhancing depth images of scenes using trellis structures An image for a virtual view of a scene is generated based on a set of texture images and a corresponding set of depth images acquired of the scene. A set of candidate depths associated with each pixel of a selected image is determined. For each candidate depth, a cost that estimates a synthesis quality of the virtual image is determined. The candidate depth with a least cost is selected to produce an optimal depth for the pixel. Then, the virtual image is synthesized based on the optimal depth of each pixel and the texture images. The method also applies first and second depth enhancement before, and during view synthesis to correct errors or suppress noise due to the estimation or acquisition of the dense depth images and sparse depth features.
US08994720B2	Diagnosis assisting apparatus, diagnosis assisting program, and diagnosis assisting method Providing a diagnosis assisting apparatus that allows, in a diagnostic screen of a tubular tissue, easy understanding of the positional relationship between a curved cutting surface represented by a CPR image and the tubular tissue. Extracting a tubular tissue region representing a tubular tissue from volume data obtained by imaging and setting a core line to the tubular tissue, generating a CPR image which includes the core line and a longitudinal section of the tubular tissue region, obtaining the longitudinal section from the CPR image generation means, generating a pseudo three-dimensional image that includes a mark representing the obtained longitudinal section, as well as the tubular tissue in the extracted tubular tissue region based on the volume data, and displaying the pseudo three-dimensional image.
US08994719B1	Matching views between a two-dimensional geographical image and a three-dimensional geographical image An apparatus determines a matching viewpoint for a geographical area displayed in two-dimensional geographical image and a corresponding three-dimensional geographical image. The apparatus may include a memory operative to store a two-dimensional geographical image and a three-dimensional geographical image. The memory may further store a transformation extension operative to interact with a host application to determine three-dimensional geographical image parameters for generating the three-dimensional geographical image from two-dimensional geographical image parameters for generating the two-dimensional geographical image. The apparatus may further include a processor operative to receive a geographical identifier for a geographical location, transmit the geographical identifier to receive two-dimensional geographical image instructions for displaying the two-dimensional geographical image, display the two-dimensional geographical image, and invoke the transformation extension to determine the three-dimensional geographical image parameters from the displayed two-dimensional geographical image. After invoking the transformation extension, the processor may then display the three-dimensional geographical image.
US08994714B2	Method and system for display calibration with feedback determined by a camera device In a class of embodiments, a method and system for calibrating a display using feedback indicative of measurements of light, emitted from the display (typically during display of a test pattern), by a camera device whose camera has a sensitivity function that is unknown a priori but which is operable to measure light emitted by a display in a manner emulating at least one measurement by a reference camera having a known sensitivity function. Typically, the camera device is a handheld camera device including an inexpensive, uncalibrated camera. In another class of embodiments, a system including a display (to be recalibrated), a video preprocessor coupled to the display, and a feedback subsystem including a camera device operable to measure light emitted by the display. The feedback subsystem is coupled and configured to generate preprocessor control parameters in response to measurement data (indicative of measurements by the camera device) and to assert the preprocessor control parameters as calibration feedback to the preprocessor. The preprocessor is operable to calibrate (e.g., recalibrate) the display in response to the control parameters by filtering input image data (e.g., input video data) to be displayed, for example to automatically and dynamically correct for variations in calibration of the display.
US08994704B2	Latch circuit and display device using the latch circuit A latch circuit includes an input transistor, a retention capacitor connected between an electrode of the input transistor and a first latch control line, a first transistor having an electrode connected to the first latch control line and a gate connected to the electrode of the input transistor, a second transistor having a gate connected to another electrode of the first transistor and an electrode is connected to the second latch control line, a third transistor having a gate connected to the another electrode of the first transistor and an electrode connected to another electrode of the second transistor and another electrode connected to an output terminal.
US08994701B2	Backlight unit having light emitting diode A backlight unit has a Light Emitting Diode (LED). The backlight unit includes a base member, and a light source unit provided on the base member and including p light source blocks, where p is a natural number equal to or greater than 2. The light source blocks are sequentially arranged to emit light, and each of the light source blocks includes at least one LED package. The LED package includes an LED configured to generate light in response to a driving voltage applied from the outside. A main lead is connected to the LED and configured to apply the driving voltage to the LED. At least one sub lead is separated from the main lead and configured to provide the driving voltage to an adjacent light source block.
US08994695B2	Methods and apparatus for sensing touch events on a display Methods and apparatus provide for a touch sensitive display, in which a transparent layer is disposed over a display layer; light is directed to propagate into and/or through the transparent layer; scattered light is measured in response to an object touching a surface the transparent layer and disturbing the propagation of the light therethrough; and one or more positions at which the object touches the transparent layer are computed based on signals obtained by the step of measuring the scattered light.
US08994687B2	Mutual-capacitance touch sensing device and electronic system including the same A mutual-capacitance touch sensing device including a touch panel, a plurality of driving electrodes and a plurality of sensing electrodes is provided. The touch panel is substantially parallel to a reference plane. The driving and sensing electrodes are arranged to from a matrix including a plurality of sensing units. Each of the sensing units is associated with at least one driving electrode and at least one sensing electrode. A gap is formed between the at least one driving electrode and the at least one sensing electrodes. A projection length of the gap on the reference plane is longer than a total length of two diagonal lines in each of the sensing units.
US08994684B2	Method of detecting a touch image and display apparatus for performing the same A method of detecting a touch image includes; driving a light source to detect a first touch information corresponding to a first light amount sensed by a first sensing section connected to odd-numbered gate lines, during an odd-numbered frame, and driving the light source to detect a second touch information corresponding to a second light amount sensed by a second sensing section connected to even-numbered gate lines, during an even-numbered frame, and detecting a touch image using the first touch information and the second touch information, so that influences from external light is reduced.
US08994678B2	Techniques for programmable button on bezel of mobile terminal A terminal and a method for a programmable button on a bezel of the terminal are provided. For a mobile terminal comprising a touch sensor, a first display and at least one second display disposed at the bezel, the bezel at least partially surrounding the first display, the method includes mapping an object displayed on the first display to a button on the at least one second display, displaying the button on the at least one second display, and when the displayed button is actuated, performing an action corresponding to the object.
US08994677B2	Touch sensing structure A touch sensing structure including a central area and a border area, including: a display panel, including: first substrate; and a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, wherein the second substrate comprises in the border area a recess that partially exposes the first substrate; a main flexible printed circuit (FPC) and a touch flexible printed circuit (FPC) laterally juxtaposed in the border area, wherein the main FPC is bonded to an exposed portion of the first substrate and electrically connected to a first driving element, wherein the touch FPC is bonded to the second substrate and electrically connected to a second driving element; and a touch sensing unit disposed on the second substrate and electrically connected to the touch FPC.
US08994669B2	Display with in-cell touch sensor The present invention discloses a display with in-cell touch sensors comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and a touch sensor disposed on the second substrate. A thin-film transistor (TFT) array is disposed on a surface of the first substrate, and a color pixel array is disposed on a surface of the second substrate. The TFT array faces and is aligned with the color pixel array. The touch sensor comprises a plurality of electrodes, a plurality of first leads, and a plurality of first pads. Each of the first leads is connected to one of the electrodes and one of the first pads. There are a plurality of second pads, a plurality of second leads, a plurality of connecting wires, and a plurality of terminal pads. Each of the second leads connects one of the second pads and one of the connecting wires. At least one of the connecting wires simultaneously and electrically connects several of the second leads. Each of the connecting wires electrically connects at least one of the terminal pads. Each of the first pads electrically connects one of the second pads.
US08994668B2	Electrooptic device having input function Disclosed herein is an electrooptic device having an input function including: an electrooptic panel; a touch panel having an input position detecting electrode in an input area aligned to an image display area of the electrooptic panel; and a wiring board connected to any one of the electrooptic panel and the touch panel, the wiring board having a touch sensor located outside the input area of the touch panel as viewed from an input surface of the touch panel.
US08994666B2	Tactile touch-sensing interface system A user-configurable, tactile interface system that includes mechanical buttons with several mounting options, and several methods to interface with touch-sensing devices. A user can activate a touch on a touch sensing device by pressing a physical pad, which may be textured, or raised.
US08994663B2	Authentication at a self-service terminal A method and apparatus for authenticating a customer at a self-service terminal are described. The method comprises: receiving a stroke delineated by the customer; matching the delineated stroke to a defined shape; and providing feedback to the customer to indicate that the delineated stroke has been matched to a defined shape. These steps are repeated until a complete sequence of defined shapes has been entered. The method further comprises converting the defined shape sequence to a sequence of characters; encrypting the sequence of characters; and transmitting the encrypted sequence of characters to a host for authentication.
US08994661B2	User interface device having capacitive trackball assembly A user interface device (100) includes a capacitive trackball assembly (108) having a conductive trackball (110) and one or more conductive plates (210, 310, 410, 510, 610) proximate to a surface of the conductive trackball (110), thereby enabling the conductive trackball assembly (108) to operate as a capacitive touch sensor. Each user contact point with the conductive trackball (110) modifies the effective capacitance of the conductive trackball assembly (108). The user interface device (100) senses the effective capacitance of the conductive trackball assembly (108) to discern the number of user contact points on the conductive trackball (110) and uses this information, along with other parameters, such as a concurrent sensed rotation vector of the conductive trackball (110), to identify a user command intended by the user. The identified user command may be transmitted to a controlled system (740) to effectuate or modify an operation at the controlled system (740).
US08994659B2	Methods for shape detection correlated with position detection and systems for processing the same A shape object, methods, and systems for using the shaped object in interactive computer gaming is disclosed. The shape object includes a line segment having a length that extends between a first end and a second end, and the line segment is flexible into a plurality of positions, where each of the plurality of positions define a shape of the line segment. The shape object further includes an optical fiber integrated along the line segment and an interface connectable to the line optical fiber of the line segment. The interface is at the first end of the line segment. The interface includes a circuit for communicating optical signals to the optical fiber, where the circuit is configured to identify the shape and changes in the shape of the line segment over time. Further included is a circuit for wirelessly transmitting the shape of the line segment to a computer that is remote from the line segment. The first end of the line segment is configured for placement at a known separation to a tracked object that is separately tracked in three dimensional space.
US08994653B2	Handheld device with notification message viewing Displaying information related to a message on a display screen of a handheld electronic device. In response to a movement of the handheld electronic device from an initial position to a first orientation, displaying on the display screen a first notice related to the message.
US08994648B2	Processor interface An interface is for inputting data into a processor. The interface has a three-dimensionally shaped input surface and comprises an array of sensors responsive to forces applied to the input surface and providing an input to the processor capable of registering the magnitude of the forces applied to the array of sensors and interpreting the location of pressure on the input surface, and a three-dimensionally shaped layer of soft resilient material arranged between the three-dimensionally shaped input surface and the array of sensors and capable of transmitting forces exerted on the three-dimensionally shaped input surface to the sensors.
US08994647B2	Input device, wearable computer, and input method A low-cost input device suitable for a wearable computer is provided. An input method suitable for operating a wearable computer is provided. A wearable computer including the input device is provided. An input device 100 for outputting a control command γ to an external output device 40 includes a sensor 10 configured to be worn in or on a natural orifice of the body and sense a change in a shape of the natural orifice, and a controller 20 configured to control the external output device 40 based on a sensor signal α from the sensor 10. Here, the change in the shape of the natural orifice is caused by a predetermined action which is performed by a user wearing the sensor 10 with the intention of operating the external output device 40.
US08994646B2	Detecting gestures involving intentional movement of a computing device A computing device is described herein which accommodates gestures that involve intentional movement of the computing device, either by establishing an orientation of the computing device and/or by dynamically moving the computing device, or both. The gestures may also be accompanied by contact with a display surface (or other part) of the computing device. For example, the user may establish contact with the display surface via a touch input mechanism and/or a pen input mechanism and then move the computing device in a prescribed manner.
US08994645B1	System and method for providing a virtual object based on physical location and tagging A computer-implemented system and method for providing a virtual object based on physical location and tagging are provided. A set of virtual objects are maintained in a database on a mobile computing device. Each virtual object includes an action associated with an identifier and coordinates for one or more physical locations. A physical location of the mobile computing device is tracked and an identification tag within range of the mobile computing device is identified. The mobile computing device's physical location and the identification tag are respectively evaluated against the coordinates and the identifiers for the virtual objects in the database. For each of the coordinates and identifiers matched to the physical location and the identification tag, the action associated with the correspondingly matched virtual object is performed using the mobile computing device.
US08994640B2	Low motion blur liquid crystal display One embodiment of the present invention sets forth a technique for reducing motion blur in a liquid crystal display (LCD) by pulsing each frame with a relatively short pulse of backlight illumination while driving pixels within the LCD with compensated intensity values to account for LCD settling time and vertical position. An LCD drive compensation unit implements the disclosed technique to generate an intensity value for each pixel that is scanned into the LCD. The technique advantageously reduces motion blur while preserving uniform vertical display accuracy.
US08994639B2	LED backlight driving circuit, backlight module, and LCD device The invention provides an LED backlight driving circuit, a backlight module, and an LCD device. The LED backlight driving circuit includes an LED light string; an input end of the LED light string is directly connected with an input end of a power source, and an output end of the LED light string is coupled with a buck module. In the invention, because the output end of the LED light string is in series connected with the buck module, the LED light string is connected in series between an input voltage and an output voltage, and a part of LEDs are directly supplied by the input voltage without the first stage conversion. Thus, the energy supplied by the buck module is reduced, the conversion efficiency is improved, the energy efficiency is increased, the requirement of the buck module to withstand voltage is reduced, and the device standard is decreased, thereby favoring cost reduction.
US08994637B2	Image display systems, shift registers and methods for controlling shift register An image display system includes a gate driving circuit and a data driving circuit. The gate driving circuit generates gate driving signals to drive pixels in a pixel array. The data driving circuit generates data driving signals to provide data to the pixels. At least one of the gate and data driving circuits includes a shift register. The shift register includes flip-flops coupled in serial. Each flip-flop generates output signals in response to an input signal, and is reset in response to a reset signal. One of the flip-flops receives a first output signal of a last stage flip-flop as the reset signal thereof, and at least one flip-flop following the flip-flop receiving the first output signal of the last stage flip-flop receives a second output signal of the flip-flop receiving the first output signal of the last stage flip-flop as the reset signal thereof.
US08994635B2	Display device The invention provides an image display device capable of reducing the transmission delay of a scanning signal. A plurality of scanning signal lines are wired in one pixel circuit row. Pixel circuits of the pixel circuit row are connected to any of the plurality of scanning signal lines.
US08994634B2	Display device Disclosed is a display device. The display device includes first and second substrates, a plurality of gate lines and data lines, a connection line, a signal line, and a first bridge. The first and second substrates face each other. The gate lines and data lines are formed on the first substrate to define a plurality of pixels by an intersection therebetween. The connection line is formed on the first substrate to be electrically connected to the gate line. The signal line is formed on the second substrate for supplying a signal to the gate line. The first bridge is formed on the second substrate for electrically connecting the signal line and the connection line.
US08994622B2	Semiconductor device and method of driving the semiconductor device Display irregularities in light emitting devices, which develop due to dispersions per pixel in the threshold value of TFTs for supplying electric current to light emitting elements, are obstacles to increasing the image quality of the light emitting devices. An electric potential in which the threshold voltage of a TFT (105) is either added to or subtracted from the electric potential of a reset signal line (110) is stored in capacitor means (108). A voltage, in which the corresponding threshold voltage is added to an image signal, is applied to a gate electrode of a TFT (106). TFTs within a pixel are disposed adjacently, and dispersion in the characteristics of the TFTs does not easily develop. The threshold value of the TFT (105) is thus cancelled, even if the threshold values of the TFTs (106) differ per pixel, and a predetermined drain current can be supplied to an EL element (109).
US08994615B2	Apparatus and methods for driving solid-state illumination sources A method for driving a solid-state illumination source to emit light having a brightness determined by a control value involves selecting a control mode based at least in part on the control value. In one embodiment a constant current is supplied to the solid-state illumination source for control values in a low range, a frequency-modulated (FM) current is supplied to the solid-state illumination source for control values in a mid range and a pulse-with modulation (PWM) current is supplied to the solid-state illumination source for control values in an upper range.
US08994610B2	User configurable headset A headset is described. The headset includes a frame configured to be worn substantially behind the ears of a user. The frame includes a top surface having a first plurality of attachment features and a bottom surface having a second plurality of attachment features. A boom is mechanically coupled to the frame. The boom supports an electronic device. A band is configured to be worn substantially across the crown of the head of the user. The band can be detachably coupled to the first plurality of attachment features such that the boom is oriented on a first side of the frame in a first mode of operation. The band can be detachably coupled to the second plurality of attachment features such that the boom is oriented on a second side of the frame in a second mode of operation.
US08994604B2	Coupled multiband antennas The present invention consists of an antenna comprising at least two radiating structures, said radiating structures taking the form of two arms, said arms being made of or limited by a conductor, superconductor or semiconductor material, said two arms being coupled to each other through a region on first and second superconducting arms such that the combined structure of the coupled two-arms forms a small antenna with a broadband behavior, a multiband behavior or a combination of both effects. According to the present invention, the coupling between the two radiating arms is obtained by means of the shape and spatial arrangement of said two arms, in which at least one portion on each arm is placed in close proximity to each other (for instance, at a distance smaller than a tenth of the longest free-space operating wavelength) to allow electromagnetic fields in one arm being transferred to the other through said specific close proximity regions. Said proximity regions are located at a distance from the feeding port of the antenna (for instance a distance larger than 1/40 of the free-space longest operating wavelength) and specifically exclude said feeding port of the antenna.
US08994585B2	Fine grained duty cycling and timing control for pulsed radar A method is provided. A first edge on a first gating signal is generated, and a local oscillator and a shared clocking circuit with the first edge on the first gating signal. A second edge on a second gating signal is generated following the first edge on the first gating signal, and a receiver circuit is activated with the second edge on the second gating signal, where the receiver circuit includes a mixer. A transmit pulse following the first edge on the first gating signal is generated with the transmit pulse having a third edge. A switch that short circuits outputs of the mixer is then released following the later of the third edge of the transmit pulse and a delay.
US08994579B2	RF pulse signal generation switching circuit, RF pulse signal generating circuit, and target object detecting apparatus An RF pulse signal generation switching circuit for controlling an output of a power FET for amplifying a high frequency signal to generate an RF pulse signal that is the high frequency signal pulse formed into a pulse-wave shape is provided. The circuit includes first and third n-type FETs of which gates are inputted with a control pulse that supplies a rise timing and a fall timing of a pulse, and a second n-type FET of which a gate is connected with a drain of the first FET. A source of the first FET and a source of the third FET are grounded, respectively. The drain of the first FET is applied with a first drive voltage via a resistor. A drain of the second FET is applied with a second drive voltage. A source of the second FET is connected with a drain of the third FET and the connection point therebetween is connected with the power FET. A capacitor is connected between the connection point and an end of the resistor from which the first drive voltage is applied.
US08994567B2	Radio frequency circuit A digital-to-analog conversion circuit operates by selectively discharging members of a plurality of capacitors. Charging of the capacitors occurs during a reset period while digital-to-analog conversion occurs as the capacitors are discharged. Those capacitors that are discharged are selected from the plurality of capacitors based on a digital input. The analog output includes the charge discharged from the capacitors. The capacitors are optionally divided into separate capacitor banks.
US08994559B1	Signal pylon A pylon is provided for providing visual signals to race participants. The pylon includes a base. A shell is carried on the base. The shell is formed having an outer wall surrounding an internal chamber. The internal chamber includes a wedge-shaped portion which carries a wedge-shaped luminaire. An upwardly-extending tube is carried by the base. The tube is nested within the internal chamber and carries the shell. A power source is provided which provides electricity to the luminaire. A wireless transmitter is provided which is used by a user to turn the luminaire on and off, which luminaire provides visual signals to the race participants.
US08994557B2	Modular collision warning apparatus and method for operating the same A collision warning apparatus, to be mounted to a vehicle, has a roof mount unit (40), to be fixed to the vehicle's roof, as well as a cabin mount unit (41) to be located in the driver's cabin. A digital transmission line (42) is provided for connecting the two. The roof mount unit (40) houses the antennas as well as the analog circuitry of the apparatus, while the cabin mount unit (41) comprises a display (26). The data sent through the transmission line (42) is digital, which allows to make the transmission line thin and flexible. The roof mount unit (40) has a magnet (43) and batteries (48) mounted in its base section (46), with the lighter components, in particular the antennas (30a, 31a, 32a) located in its head section (47).
US08994544B2	System including an indicator responsive to an electret for a power bus An indicator system for an alternating current power bus includes an electret operatively associated with the alternating current power bus. The electret includes an output having an alternating current voltage when the alternating current power bus is energized. A rectifier includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the electret and an output having a direct current voltage responsive to the alternating current voltage of the output of the electret. An indicator includes an input electrically interconnected with the output of the rectifier and an indication output responsive to the direct current voltage of the output of the rectifier.
US08994543B2	Diagnosis and maintenance device for a switchgear assembly and corresponding switchgear assembly A diagnosis and maintenance device is provided for a switchgear assembly, for example, a low-voltage switchgear assembly. The diagnosis and maintenance device includes a data processing device and at least one first, internal interface device, which is connected to at least one connected and communication-capable apparatus in the switchgear assembly in a communicating manner and polls and/or processes the diagnosis and maintenance information and/or status information of the connected and communication-capable apparatus and provides said information in an accessible manner as usable and/or human-readable information and/or outputs and/or displays said information as usable and/or human-readable information. A switchgear assembly having such a device is also provided.
US08994539B2	Alarm and diagnostics system and method for a distributed-architecture heating, ventilation and air conditioning network The disclosure includes an HVAC data processing and communication network, and a method of manufacturing the same. In one embodiment the HVAC data processing and communication network includes a system device and a user interface. The system device is configured to store alarm data in local memory in response to an alarm event. The user interface is configured to send an alarm request message to the system device, and to receive an alarm reporting message including alarm data from the system device via a data bus.
US08994533B2	Conditional RFID A RFID tag includes an RF transceiver; logic to operate the RF transceiver to respond to a received signal with a unique radio frequency id; logic to compare information in the received signal with conditional response criteria; and logic to determine if data has been received and written into a writable memory area by the RFID tag, and to respond to the received signal only if the data has been received and stored in the writable memory area and matches the conditional response criteria.
US08994531B2	Merchandise sensor and method for protecting an item of merchandise A merchandise sensor for protecting an item of merchandise displayed on a merchandise display security device from theft includes sensor electronics and a sensor element operably coupled to the sensor electronics. The sensor element provides an output value in an initial stable state before an interaction state and in a subsequent stable state following the interaction state. The sensor electronics compares the output value of the sensor element in the subsequent stable state and the output value of the sensor element in the initial stable state to determine whether a change in the output value indicates an alarm condition. In the event that the output value of the sensor element in the subsequent stable state is not within a predetermined tolerance bandwidth of the output value of the sensor element in the initial stable state, the sensor electronics activates an alarm in response to the alarm condition.
US08994525B2	Method for testing notification appliances in alarm systems A method for testing notification appliances in an alarm system and creating a record of such testing including the steps of placing an alarm system in a test mode, actuating an input device of a notification appliance in the alarm system a first time, whereby a notification feature of the notification appliance is activated for a test period, and automatically entering a waiting period after expiration of the test period. The method may further include actuating the input device of the notification appliance a second time during the waiting period, whereby a pass signal is transmitted from the notification appliance, and creating a record of the pass signal. The method may further include transmitting a fail signal from the notification appliance after expiration of the waiting period if the input device of the notification appliance was not actuated during the waiting period and creating a record of the fail signal.
US08994524B2	Pulsed indication unit for vehicle An indication unit for vehicles is suggested, which comprises at least one LED and at least one electrical circuit in a housing. The indication unit is connected to a first control, which is arranged in the vehicle, and connected to an LED driver circuit. A second control circuit, which is arranged in or on the housing of the indication unit, operates the LED with pulse-width modulated signals.
US08994520B2	Visual driver information and warning system for a driver of a motor vehicle The invention describes a visual driver information and warning system for a driver of a motor vehicle, which driver information and warning system comprises an information display device, at least one data detection means for information relating to the surrounding area and at least one data interchange device for information relating to the surrounding area, wherein a two-dimensional projection of at least one three-dimensional model of an actually existing, stationary or moving object which cannot be seen by the driver is displayed to the driver.
US08994496B2	Encrypted communications for a moveable barrier environment An at least partially secure communication environment is provided in which accessory devices can be communicated with and controlled in the context of a movable barrier operator system. In one example approach, a gateway device can be configured to coordinate and control such communications in a secure manner. Three example approaches to such a communication environment include: a gateway device's receiving an accessory device control signal and sending a rolling code based accessory command signal to a target accessory device; receiving a rolling code based accessory device control signal and sending a command signal to an accessory device; and receiving a rolling code based accessory device control signal and sending a rolling code based accessory command signal to a target accessory device. Combinations are possible. An integrated system provides for automatic functioning of one device in response to status changes of one or more other devices.
US08994494B2	Vehicle security system A vehicle is disclosed which includes a controller having at least one of a vehicle security module and a playback module. The vehicle security module may operate in a secure once mode of operation or in a secure all mode of operation. The playback module records ride information associated with the vehicle. The ride information may be provided to an external device.
US08994493B2	Control network system A control network system may control a control target by using control data. The control network system may include a wireless field device that transmits the control data through a wireless communication, a relay apparatus that relays the control data from the wireless field device, the relay apparatus including a storage unit that stores identification data of the wireless field device, the storage unit storing a flag associated with the identification data, the flag showing a progress state of commissioning of the wireless field device, and a host system that receives the control data from the wireless field device through the relay apparatus, the host system including a control unit that discontinues operation of controlling the control target when the flag is in a nonsteady state.
US08994490B2	Chip resistor with outrigger heat sink A surface mount chip resistor for increasing power handling capabilities of radio frequency (RF) circuits and for minimizing parasitic capacitance and inductance effects, the chip resistor includes a ceramic substrate having a main portion and an outrigger. A resistor element is between an input contact and an output contact on a top surface of the main portion. A ground plane attachment area is on a top surface of the outrigger. The ground plane attachment area is mounted to a ground plane of a circuit board to provide a heat pathway for dissipating heat generated by the resistor element.
US08994488B2	Transformer power splitter having primary winding conductors magnetically coupled to secondary winding conductors and configured in topology including series connection and parallel connection A transformer power splitter has a plurality of output ports and an input port. The transformer power splitter includes a plurality of primary winding conductors and a plurality of secondary winding conductors. The secondary winding conductors are electrically connected to the output ports respectively. Each of the secondary winding conductors is electrically connected between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of a corresponding output port. The primary winding conductors are magnetically coupled to the secondary winding conductors respectively. The primary winding conductors are configured in a topology including series and parallel connections between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the input port.
US08994487B2	Transformer A transformer includes a bobbin, at least one primary winding coil, at least one secondary winding coil, and a magnetic core assembly. The bobbin includes a main body, plural extension structures, and plural pin groups. The main body includes a channel, plural winding sections, a first connecting seat, and a second connecting seat. The plural extension structures are connected with the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, respectively. In addition, each of the plural extension structures has a notch and a stepped structure, and the stepped structure comprises plural stepped parts. Each of the primary winding coil and the secondary winding coil includes plural outlet terminals. The plural outlet terminals of the secondary winding coil are respectively disposed on the plural stepped parts of the stepped structure and fixed on the pin group which is disposed on one of the extension structures.
US08994485B2	Magnetic-anisotropic plastically deformed body, method for producing the same, and electromagnetic apparatus using the same A material containing a soft magnetic substance is subjected to a plastic deformation such as a roll processing to obtain a rod-shaped body. Then, the rod-shaped body or a shaped body obtained by processing the rod-shaped body into a shape other than a flat plate shape is subjected to a heat treatment in the presence of a magnetic field. The rod-shaped body or the shaped body is made magnetic-anisotropic by the heat treatment thereby to obtain a magnetic-anisotropic plastically deformed body.
US08994483B2	Electromagnetic actuator comprising permanent magnets and mechanical load interrupter actuated by such an actuator The invention relates to a novel permanent magnet electromagnetic actuator with triggering speed and drive torque improved relative to those of the prior art. The main target application is actuating an electromechanical switch-disconnector specifically for performing the operations to disconnect a mechatronic circuit-breaker for breaking high-voltage direct currents.
US08994479B2	Surface acoustic wave device A surface acoustic wave SAW (SAW) device has a substrate and a filter provided at the substrate. The filter has a plurality of interdigital transducers (IDT) electrodes arranged along a propagation direction of a SAW. Each of the plurality of IDT electrodes has an electrode finger group including a plurality of electrode fingers which extent in a direction orthogonal to the propagation direction and are arranged along the propagation direction. At least one of the plurality of IDT electrodes has a wide pitch section including an adjacent first and second electrode finger among the plurality of electrode fingers. The interval between the first electrode finger and the second electrode finger is larger than the average value of the intervals between the remaining electrode fingers of the plurality of electrode fingers.
US08994475B2	Vehicle-mounted noise filter A vehicle-mounted noise filter which suppresses electric field coupling between input and output terminals in the FM radio band, thereby allowing noise attenuation performance, which should originally be provided to a noise filter circuit, to be exhibited even in the FM radio band. The vehicle-mounted noise filter comprises a coil (1) obtained by winding a conductive wire around a magnetic core, input and output terminals (2, 3) electrically connected to both terminals of the coil, and a shielding member (4). The shielding member (4) is made of a conductive member which is grounded and disposed so as to shield the electric field between the input and output terminals (2, 3). The noise filter can also be configured using a capacitor having one terminal electrically connected to the coil (1) and the other terminal grounded.
US08994469B2	Suppression of far-end crosstalk and timing jitter by using rectangular resonators Rectangular-shape resonators as guard traces formed in a region between the victim and aggressor lines are disclosed. No shorting-vias or resistors are required. The rectangular resonators are found to have functions of improving far-end crosstalk (FEXT) and timing jitter in both frequency domain and time domain if the parameters are appropriated selected.
US08994463B2	Push-push oscillator circuit A push-push oscillator circuit with a first oscillation branch with a first active device and a first tank adapted to provide a signal having a fundamental frequency f0, a second oscillation branch with a second active device and a second tank symmetrical to the first oscillation branch and adapted to provide a signal having the fundamental frequency f0. Output branches are coupled to the first oscillation branch and the second oscillation branch to provide signals having the second harmonic frequency 2f0 of the fundamental signal based on the signals having the fundamental frequency f0 and/or to provide signals having the fundamental frequency f0; The push-push oscillator circuit further comprises at least one terminal branch with a terminal adapted to provide a component of a differential signal having the second harmonic frequency 2f0 or the fundamental frequency f0. The at least one terminal branch comprises a RF stub.
US08994462B2	Circuit and method of frequency jitter, and application thereof in switched-mode power supply (SMPS) The present invention is to provide a frequency jitter circuit and a method for generating frequency jitter. The frequency jitter circuit, comprising: an oscillating circuit, configured to generate an oscillating frequency output signal; a decoding circuit, configured to be controlled by said oscillating frequency output signal for generating several pulse output signals; a delay circuit, through which said oscillating frequency output signal is passed for generating a frequency jitter output signal that is delayed a period of time compared to said oscillating frequency output signal. Application of the invention into switched-mode power supply might reduce EMI average noise in the switched-mode power supply, and smooth energy spectrum density.
US08994458B2	Oscillator based frequency locked loop A method includes determining a control setting and selectively stopping oscillation of an oscillator after a time period. The oscillator is configured to remain in an active mode after the time period. The method further includes applying the control setting to the oscillator.
US08994457B2	Transimpedance amplifier A method of forming a circuit includes forming a transimpedance amplifier having a first input node and a second input node. The method also includes forming a feedback circuit having a first transistor having a drain terminal connected to the first input node, a source terminal, and a gate terminal, a second transistor having a drain terminal connected to the second input node, a source terminal, and a gate terminal, and a third transistor having a drain terminal connected to the source terminal of the first transistor and the source terminal of the second terminal.
US08994451B1	RF amplifier An RF amplifier suitable for use in an RF transceiver has a circuit including a first transistor pair with the collector of each coupled to one of the two differential output nodes and a common base. A pair of Ft doublers is provided with the emitter of each Ft doubler coupled to one of the transistors in the first transistor pair. Each Ft doubler has a common emitter and a base coupled to one of the differential input nodes. As such, the first transistor pair and the Ft doubler pair are cascode-coupled to provide a wide bandwidth, high gain, and high input impedance RF amplifier.
US08994448B2	Systems and methods for generation of internal chip supply bias from high voltage control line inputs Systems and methods for generating internal chip supply bias from high voltage control line inputs are presented. One of a plurality of the high voltage control lines is selected and accordingly internal path switching circuitry is enabled to pass the selected high voltage control line while protecting the associated components from over-stress.
US08994447B2	Voltage regulation method and corresponding HPM, chip, and chip system The application discloses a voltage regulation method, and a corresponding HPM, chip, and chip system. The method is used to regulate a working voltage of the chip, which includes an AVS module and at least one HPM. The method includes: outputting, by the AVS module, a clock signal to the HPM; generating, by the HPM, a corresponding pulse signal according to the clock signal and at least performing first delaying for the pulse signal to acquire a first actual output value and performing second delaying for the pulse signal to acquire a second actual output value; and fitting, by the AVS module, the first and second actual output values at least according to weights of the first and second actual output values to acquire a fitting output value and determine, by comparing the fitting output value with a predetermined reference value, whether to regulate the working voltage of the chip.
US08994440B2	Voltage select circuit and intergrated circuit including the same A voltage select circuit includes a plurality of first transfer elements configured to transfer respective operating voltages to a first output terminal, a transfer select circuit unit configured to output a first voltage necessary to transfer an operating voltage, selected from among the operating voltages, to at least one first transfer element in response to a plurality of enable signals, and a control circuit configured to boost the first voltage to a second voltage in response to the plurality of enable signals.
US08994435B2	Switching core layout Traditionally, mixers have been arranged symmetrically around the input signal, which has resulted in problems due to self-mixing or feed-through by the local oscillator signal. Here, however, the arrangement for a mixer has been changed to generally avoid self-mixing of the local oscillator signal. In particular, transistors in the switching core are merged according to the portion of the local oscillator signal received. This, in turn, results in the conductors, which carry the different portions of the local oscillator signal, being separated (or not having any crossings) so as to generally eliminate self-mixing or feed-through of the local oscillator signal. Complex IQ mixers realized using this arrangement benefit from improved sideband suppression and image rejection.
US08994434B2	Coincident tracking turn-on for mixed voltage logic A method for dealing with high inrush current when voltage is applied to mixed voltage logic integrated circuits is disclosed. A depletion N-Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) or junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is added to a linear voltage regulator in mixed voltage logic integrated circuits. The Field Effect Transistor (FET) is utilized to allow the core voltage to come up with Input/Output voltage prior to turn-on of linear voltage regulator. Turn-on state of FET allows the core voltage to rise with Input/Output voltage until the FET threshold is reached across the gate. When threshold is reached, the FET turns off to allow linear voltage regulator turn on and take over supply power.
US08994429B1	Energy efficient flip-flop with reduced setup time Embodiments of a flip-flip circuit are disclosed that may allow a reduction in data setup time and lower switching power. The flip-flop circuit may include an input circuit, an output circuit, a clock circuit, and a feedback circuit. The clock circuit may be operable to generate internal clocks dependent upon received data, and the generated internal clocks may enable the feedback and input circuits.
US08994423B2	Phase-locked loop apparatus and method A PLL includes an oscillator, a time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a system for the remaining functionality. The TDC measures the oscillator's phase against a reference clock. The measured phase has an integer part obtained from a modulus-K counter, and a fractional part measured by a fine TDC. The system compares the measured phase with a desired phase, and filters it to obtain a parameter that controls the oscillator frequency. The TDC may also include a synchronization block to align the fine TDC and a pulse hider to reduce the power used by the fine TDC. The system may include an integrator to calculate the integer part of the desired phase, a second integrator to calculate the fractional part, and an interpolator for an even finer fraction. A method to obtain fast lock includes using the phase error rate of change to control the oscillator frequency.
US08994413B2	Method for driving power semiconductor switches A method for driving a controllable power semiconductor switch, having a first input terminal and first and second output terminals coupled to a voltage supply and a load, the first and second output terminals providing an output of the power semiconductor switch, includes adjusting a gradient of switch-off edges of an output current and an output voltage of the power semiconductor switch by a voltage source arrangement coupled to the input terminal. A gradient of switch-on edges of an output current and an output voltage is adjusted by a controllable current source arrangement that is coupled to the input terminal and generates a gate drive current. The profile of the gate drive current from one switching operation to a subsequent switching operation, beginning at a rise in the output current and ending at a decrease in the output voltage, is varied at most within a predefined tolerance band.
US08994409B2	Stimulator and method for processing a stimulation signal Various embodiments provide a method for processing a stimulation signal. The method may include monitoring an output voltage on an electrode, the electrode being provided with the stimulation signal; determining whether the output voltage is lower than a threshold voltage; if it is determined that the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, modifying the waveform of the stimulation signal; and providing the modified stimulation signal to an object via the electrode.
US08994407B1	Method and system for removing a pulse having a different pulse width relative to that of other pulses in a clock signal of an analog to digital converter A system includes an ADC that, based on a first clock signal, converts an analog signal into a digital signal. A first circuit generates a second clock signal based on the digital signal. An interpolator generates a phase delayed version of the second clock signal and a third clock signal. The third clock signal is generated based on the second clock signal and the phase delayed version and includes transitioning from the second clock signal to the phase delayed version. The third clock signal includes pulses each having a first pulse width and a pulse having a second pulse width. The second pulse width is different than the first pulse width due to the transition from the second clock signal to the third clock signal. A second circuit removes the pulse having the second pulse width from the third clock signal to generate the first clock signal.
US08994403B2	Apparatus and method for signal transmission over a channel Apparatus and methods related to data transmission are disclosed. One such apparatus includes a transmitter, a receiver, and a channel. The transmitter includes a pair of current sources and a pair of switches. Each of the switches conducts one of the current sources to the channel in response to input data. The receiver includes a first node configured to receive a signal over the channel. The receiver also includes a resistance generating a voltage drop between the first node and a second node. The receiver further includes a first transistor and a second transistor that are together configured to provide a voltage level to the second node based at least partly on the voltage drop. The resistance provides a negative feedback to center the mean signal level, thereby reducing intersymbol interference.
US08994395B2	Methods and devices for mitigating ESD events Various embodiments are described and illustrated for mitigating a potential system or screen freeze during an electrostatic discharge.
US08994373B2	Magnetic resonance system and method to adjust at least one shim current and an associated RF center frequency during an interleaved multislice MR measurement of a moving examination subject In a method and system to adjust at least one shim current in a shim channel of a magnetic resonance apparatus and an associated RF center frequency for the radio-frequency system of the magnetic resonance apparatus during an interleaved multislice MR measurement of a moving examination subject, in which MR measurement at least two excitations are implemented for complete acquisition of the desired data of a slice of the examination subject that is to be measured, the multislice MR measurement is implemented such that phase discontinuities between measurement data acquired after individual excitations are avoided.
US08994364B2	Power supply controlling apparatus, and non-transitory computer readable recording medium A power supply controlling apparatus including: a measurement portion that measures electric power information concerning electric power supplied to another apparatus, a storing control portion that stores the electric power information measured by the measurement portion and measurement time when the electric power information is measured, into a volatile storage, and stores the electric power information and the measurement time stored into the volatile storage, into a nonvolatile storage in desired timing; and a supplement portion that, when a first power supply is turned off and turned on again, supplements to the volatile storage electric power information and time concerning electric power assumed to be supplied to the another apparatus between final measurement time in a plurality of pieces of measurement time stored in the nonvolatile storage and time when the first power supply is turned on again.
US08994362B2	RF power detection circuit with insensitivity to process, temperature and load impedance variation A circuit includes a multiplier circuit including a mixer configured to multiply a first differential input signal and a second differential input signal. The mixer includes a plurality of transistors including control terminals. The control terminals of the plurality of transistors receive a bias signal and the first differential input signal. A bias circuit is configured to generate the bias signal. The bias signal generated by the bias circuit is based on a voltage threshold of one of the plurality of transistors and a product of constant reference current and a bias resistance.
US08994360B2	Microorganism number measurement device A microorganism number-measuring apparatus includes: a container holder for holding container having an opening in the upper surface of the container, with the opening being positioned upward; and a rotary driver for rotating a liquid accommodated in container held by the holder, about the rotary axis in the up-and-down direction. Moreover, the apparatus includes: an electrode inserting part for inserting measurement chip to a position from above container held by the holder, via the opening, with the position being closer to the container's inner surface than to the container's center axis and being away from the container's inner surface with a predetermined distance; and a measurement unit for measuring microorganisms using measurement electrode of measurement chip inserted into container by the electrode inserting part. The electrode inserting part holds measurement chip, in a state of measurement electrode facing the container's inner-surface.
US08994358B2	Method and apparatus for automating the counting of sharps using RFID tags In accordance with the teachings described herein, systems and methods are provided for counting sharps returned to a container. An example method of counting sharps returned to a container having at least two layers of penetrable conductive material includes periodically checking a plurality of circuits formed by the first and second layers of material to determine if each circuit is open or closed, and keeping a count of the number of closed circuits.
US08994353B2	Power converter with a pulse-width limiter that limits a drive signal pulse width according to the input voltage A power converter includes a control circuit provided with a set signal generator, a current command generator, a reset signal generator, a drive signal generator, and a pulse-width limiter. The set signal generator generates a set signal at every predetermined cycle. The current command generator generates a current command based on an output voltage command and an output voltage. The reset signal generator generates a reset signal based on an input current and the generated current command. The drive signal generator generates a drive signal which turns on in synchronization with the generated set signal to turn on a switching element and which turns off in synchronization with the subsequently generated reset signal to turn off the switching element. The pulse-width limiter limits a pulse-width of the drive signal according to an input voltage and the output voltage, or according to the input voltage and the output voltage command.
US08994344B2	Multiphase transformer for a multiphase DC-DC converter A multiphase DC-DC converter is provided that includes a multiphase transformer, the multiphase transformer including a plurality of input voltage terminals and an transformer output voltage terminal, each input voltage terminal associated with a corresponding phase. Each phase is assigned to an input voltage terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals to minimize a ripple current at the input voltage terminals of the multiphase transformer.
US08994341B2	Battery charging circuit and electronic device A battery charging circuit comprises: a first voltage regulator, wherein the first voltage regulator has a control input designed for reception of a signal generated by a current metering circuit; the current metering circuit; and a terminal for connecting a battery. An electronic device, in particular a mobile device, comprises a battery charging circuit as defined above.
US08994340B2	Cell temperature and degradation measurement in lithium ion battery systems using cell voltage and pack current measurement and the relation of cell impedance to temperature based on signal given by the power inverter A method and system for determining the temperature of cells in a battery pack, without using temperature sensors, by measuring the impedance of the cells and using the impedance to determine the temperature. An AC voltage signal is applied to the battery pack, and a time sample of voltage and current data is obtained. The voltage and current data is narrowed down to a simultaneous time window of interest, and a fast fourier transformation is performed on the windowed voltage and current data to identify voltage and current magnitudes at one or more specific frequencies. The voltage and current magnitudes are used to determine the impedance at the one or more frequencies. Finally, the impedance is used to determine the temperature of the cell or cells using a look-up table, where the impedance, the frequency, and a state of charge are used as input parameters for the look-up.
US08994337B2	Balancing method and balancing system of battery pack A balancing method and balancing system of a battery pack is disclosed. The method includes and the system is capable of determining whether a voltage change of the battery pack is greater than a threshold during a charging or discharging period, and balancing the battery cells based on the voltage change being greater than a threshold.
US08994334B2	Battery state-of-charge calculation device The battery state-of-charge calculation device (100) is provided with a SOCV calculation unit (5) which outputs a first state of charge calculated based on voltage data, a SOCI calculation unit (6) which outputs a second state of charge calculated based on current data, an estimated impedance voltage calculation unit (12) which calculates an impedance voltage value based on an effective state of charge and the current data, a static determination unit (7) which determines that the impedance voltage value remains static for a predetermined time or longer in a range identified by a predetermined threshold value and outputs the determination result; and a SOC decision unit (20) which, based on the determination result, outputs the first state of charge as the effective state of charge where the impedance voltage value is static and outputs the second state of charge as the effective state of charge where the impedance voltage value is not static.
US08994332B2	Battery heating circuits and methods using voltage inversion based on predetermined conditions Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit, comprising a switch unit 1, a switching control module 100, a damping component R1, an energy storage circuit, and an energy superposition unit; the energy storage circuit is configured to connect with the battery to form a loop, and comprises a current storage component L1 and a charge storage component C1; the damping component R1, the switch unit 1, the current storage component L1, and the charge storage component C1 are connected in series; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch unit 1, and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1, so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit.
US08994328B2	Electric vehicle, electric-vehicle charging stand and communication system therebetween Disclosed are an electric vehicle (EV), an EV charging stand, and a communication system therebetween, the EV including a charge control unit configured to detect a preparation state for charging a battery and output a resistance varying signal according to the detected state, and a resistor unit configured to vary a resistance value in response to the resistance varying signal, thus changing a voltage value of a state signal transmitted to the EV charging stand, and the EV charging stand including a comparator configured to receive a stage signal from the EV, compare a voltage value of the received state signal with a reference value, and output a signal in response to a result of comparing, and a control unit configured to receive the signal from the comparator and detect a preparation state for charging the battery of the EV.
US08994326B2	Resonance-type non-contact power supply system Movable body equipment is provided with: a secondary-side resonance coil, which receives power from a primary-side resonance coil of power supply equipment; a rectifier, which rectifies the power received by the secondary-side resonance coil; and a secondary battery, to which to which the power rectified by the rectifier is supplied. A resonance-type non-contact power supply system is provided with: state of charge detection units, which detect the state of charge of the secondary battery; and an impedance estimation unit, which estimates an impedance estimation value for the secondary battery on the basis of the state of charge of the secondary battery. When the absolute value of the difference between the impedance estimation value and the current impedance value of the secondary battery exceeds a threshold, a determination unit determines that a foreign body is present between the primary-side resonance coil and the secondary-side resonance coil.
US08994323B2	Charging circuit and control method therefor A charging circuit includes a power path control unit which switches a first switch connected between a system connection terminal and a battery connection terminal on while not charging, and switches the first switch on and a second switch connected between an external power supply input terminal and the system connection terminal on while charging so as to supply power to a system and charge a battery. A voltage difference between the external power supply input terminal and the battery connection terminal is detected, a current flowing between the external power supply input terminal and the system connection terminal is detected, and it is determined that an external power supply is disconnected based on the detection results of the voltage differences and the current.
US08994321B2	Method and system for rationing charge or energy provided to a portable device A charging method and system for rationing charge or energy supplied by a host to a portable device. The system includes a power switch connected to a current sensing module that detects instantaneous current drawn by the portable device. A current register connected to the current sensing module stores the instantaneous current value. A timing module generates timing information. A cumulative charge value obtained by multiplying the instantaneous current value with the timing information is stored in a charge register. Further, a cumulative energy value may be obtained by multiplying the cumulative charge value with a detected voltage value. A threshold database stores a threshold value, and a rationing module connected to the host and the charge register continuously compares the cumulative charge value and/or the cumulative energy value with the threshold charge value. A control signal is generated when the threshold charge value is exceeded.
US08994300B2	Battery module, and electric vehicle, movable body, battery system, power storage device, and power supply device including the same A plate-shaped portion of each of separators has a cross-sectional shape bent in a concavo-convex shape in a vertical direction. The plate-shaped portion of each of the separators has a flat cross-sectional shape. The plurality of separators are arranged parallel to one another to alternately line up. One surface of each of the battery cells abuts on the plate-shaped portion of the separator, and the other surface abuts on the plate-shaped portion of the separator. Thus, a spacing between the battery cells, which are adjacent to each other with the separator sandwiched therebetween, becomes equal to the thickness of the plate-shaped portion, and a spacing between the battery cells, which are adjacent to each other with the separator sandwiched therebetween, becomes equal to the thickness of the plate-shaped portion.
US08994295B2	Commission of distributed light fixtures of a lighting system Apparatuses, methods, apparatuses and systems for commissioning a light fixture are disclosed. One method includes receiving, by the light fixture, a message from a central controller, wherein reception of the message puts the light fixture into a known condition, establishing communication between the light fixture and a user, and communicating, by either the light fixture or the user, a location of the user at a time of the established communication, to the central controller, thereby allowing the central controller to record a location of the light fixture.
US08994293B2	Single phase bridgeless boost converter for LED lighting applications A circuit serving as a power source for light-emitting diode (LED) lighting applications, the circuit comprising a boost converter comprising a pair of boost field-effect transistors (FETs) and a boost inductor coupled to the pair of boost FETs, wherein an input voltage feeding the boost converter has a sinusoidal waveform, and wherein a half cycle of the input voltage is represented by a plurality of time slices, and a controller coupled to the boost converter and configured to determine a current time slice in the plurality of time slices, generate one or more output signals based at least in part on the current time slice and without a need to compute any multiplier function involving the input voltage, and control states of the boost FETs using the one or more output signals.
US08994292B2	Adaptive lighting system An adaptive lighting system having a detection unit by which one or more extrinsic variables, that is variables occurring outside the adaptive lighting system, can be detected and can be transmitted, preferably in the form of at least one electric signal, to an evaluation and control unit, to the evaluation and control unit by which a control signal can be generated from the transmitted extrinsic variable(s) and can be transmitted to one or more adaptive light source(s) and to the one or more adaptive light source(s) which is/are designed to vary one or more it its/their emission properties on the basis of the transmitted control signal.
US08994291B2	Chaotic approach to control of lighting At least one controllable source of visible light is configured to illuminate a space to be utilized by one or more occupants. A controller causes the source(s) to emit light in a manner that varies at least one characteristic of visible light emitted into the space over a period of time at least in part in accordance with a chaotic function.
US08994277B2	LED device, LED driving circuit and method A light-emitting diode (LED) driving circuit includes an LED control circuit and a power stage circuit. The LED control circuit shifts an input pulse width modulation (PWM) signal toward a higher frequency direction in a frequency domain to generate an output PWM signal having a duty cycle substantially the same as a duty cycle of the input PWM signal. The power stage circuit outputs an LED driving current according to the output PWM signal.
US08994275B2	Non-contact and non-disposable electric induction LED lamp A non-contact and non-disposable electric induction LED lamp includes a power source and a luminous-radiating unit combined together. The power source is formed with a power source module electrically connected with a first electric induction plate, while the luminous-radiating unit is provided with a second electric induction plate corresponding with the first electric induction plate and electrically connected with an LED module. Thus, the electricity of the power source can be transmitted to the luminous-radiating unit via electromagnetic induction produced between the first and the second electric induction plates to enable the LED module to emit light. The LED lamp of this invention can partially be replaced conveniently and has water proof and dustproof effects.
US08994260B1	Structure and method for single crystal silicon-based plasma light source and flat panel display panels and micro plasma sources Silicon substrate having (100) crystal orientation can be wet etched to form (111) sharp tip pyramids. The sharp tip pyramids can be used to fabricate electrodes for flat panel displays, such as a plasma display panel or a field emission display.
US08994254B2	Vibrating piece having a support arm section including mount sections in a mount region thereof A piezoelectric vibrator is provided in which a piezoelectric vibrating piece is accommodated in a package, the piezoelectric vibrating piece including: a pair of vibrating arm sections; a base section to which each base end of the pair of vibrating arm sections is connected; and a support arm section that is connected to the base section between the pair of vibrating arm sections and extends from the base section to the same side as the vibrating arm sections, in which the piezoelectric vibrating piece is supported within the package in mount sections provided in the support arm section, and in which the mount sections are provided in a region which is defined between a position of which a distance from an end section of the base section opposite to the side where the support arm section is connected to the side of a leading end of the support arm section is 25% of a width dimension of the base section along the width direction and a position of which the distance is 65% of the width dimension.
US08994248B2	Proximity sensor used by an operation robot and method of operating the proximity sensor Described is a proximity sensor used by an operation robot that may measure a proximity distance to an object using an ultrasonic wave in a device such as an operation robot, an endoscope, and the like, and a method of operating the proximity sensor which may be used by an operation robot. The proximity sensor used by the operation robot may include an inner wall provided in a circular structure to secure a cavity within the circular structure, a piezoelectric polymer film disposed outside the inner wall to generate an ultrasonic signal, and to sense the ultrasonic signal, and an outer wall disposed outside the piezoelectric polymer film to propagate the ultrasonic signal via an open window, thereby preventing a collision between devices or an unnecessary contact, and providing a more stable operation environment.
US08994244B2	Motor stator with reduced coil configuration A motor is provided for use in a machine. The motor includes a segmented stator comprising magnetically isolated core segments.
US08994238B2	Energy conversion device [Problem] To allow for an increase in the output of an energy conversion device having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a ring shape. [Solution] A cover (3) is attached to a ring-shaped magnet holder (2) in which permanent magnets (1) are housed. An extended portion of the cover (3) is supported by a wheel (6). The wheel (6) is in contact with the extended portion of the cover (3) and the bottom surface of a case (5). Thereby, the magnet holder (2) can be rotated lightly even when the weight of the magnet holder (2) increases with the increase in the number of the permanent magnets (1) housed in the magnet holder (2). Thus, an energy conversion device (100) can produce more energy from the energy supplied, and thereby enhance the output.
US08994234B2	Linear actuator A linear actuator displaces a relative position between a guide rail and a slide table, which is arranged in confronting relation to the guide rail. Projections are formed on opposite end sides of the guide rail, the projections extending along a direction of displacement and projecting toward the slide table. The slide table is disposed between the projections on the opposite end sides of the guide rail, with rigid balls being interposed therebetween. Guide grooves and guide grooves, which rollably support the balls, are provided on the projections on the opposite end sides of the guide rail and on the slide table. The guide grooves and the guide grooves apply, on the balls, a pressure caused by a magnetic attractive force of permanent magnets.
US08994228B2	Proximity switch having wrong touch feedback A proximity switch assembly and method are provided having wrong touch feedback. The switch includes a plurality of proximity switches each including proximity sensors providing a sense activation field. Control circuitry processes the activation field of each proximity switch to sense activation, detects an allowed activation of one of the proximity switches and further detects an attempted activation that is not allowed. The switch further includes an output coupled to a device to perform a function when an allowed activation is detected. The switch includes one or more user perceived feedback devices for generating user perceived feedback when an attempted activation that is not allowed is detected.
US08994224B2	Solar roof shingles and underlayment with wireless power transfer A system of solar roof shingles and underlayment with wireless power transfer between the solar roof shingles and the underlayment is disclosed. Each roof shingle has a solar collector array coupled to a wireless resonator. The solar collector array establishes a voltage in response to exposure to sunlight and the wireless resonator converts the voltage to a transmittable electromagnetic signal. The signal is transmitted to resonant devices embedded in the underlayment beneath the shingles The resonant devices may be resonant capture devices that convert the received electromagnetic signal back to a usable voltage, or they may be wireless repeaters that retransmit the electromagnetic signal to remote resonant capture devices, which then convert it to a voltage. This voltage is placed on an electrical grid and made available at a remote location for use, storage, or placement on the public electrical grid.
US08994223B2	Systems and methods for self powered electronic devices Disclosed is a self-powering system for electronic circuits by detecting and converting the energy of electric field lines provided from the generator of device in the proximity of the electronic circuit. The harvesting of electric field energy by using means of capacitive coupling (contactless or (in-) direct contact) to field inducing power sources replaces or reduces the need of batteries e.g. for mobile devices, medical sensors, energy efficient circuits (e.g. stand-by) or (near field-) communication devices. A wide range of applications and technical solutions from smart labels, e-ink devices, shutter glasses, or electronic sensors up to electronic devices of any kind, can use the invention's means to power (integrated) circuits microcontrollers, light emitting items (LED) or any circuit where batteries or other power sources can be replaced by the innovation.
US08994216B2	Power conversion apparatus A power conversion apparatus includes an inverter for converting DC power to AC power for supply to a load, a converter for converting AC power from an AC power supply to DC power for supply to the inverter, a DC voltage converter for converting a voltage value of power stored in a storage battery to supply DC power from the storage battery to the inverter when power supply from the AC power supply is faulty, and a filter including a reactor and a capacitor, for removing harmonics generated by the inverter. The inverter includes a three-level circuit which is a multi-level circuit.
US08994208B2	Backup power for overvoltage protection for electric vehicle In a first aspect, the invention is directed to a circuit for powering a gate drive for an electric motor for a vehicle with an electric motor. The circuit provides a primary power supply and a secondary power supply that powers the gate drive in the event the primary power supply fails. The primary power supply may draw power from the 12V battery on the vehicle. The secondary power supply may draw power from a high voltage battery pack on the vehicle that is normally used to provide power to the electric motor. By providing the secondary power supply to the gate drive, a 3-phase short can be applied to the motor in the event that it is needed as a safety measure even if there is a failure in the primary power supply.
US08994207B2	System for generating electrical energy from low speed wind energy by means of two systems of drive blades The invention relates to a system for generating electrical energy from wind energy, said system being characterized in that the design makes use of small air currents and does not require a large amount of air in order to generate electrical energy or power. This system incorporates two generating technologies designed based on the vertical rotation axis concept, achieving movement that is independent of wind direction. The invention combines two technologies, namely: one based on drag forces, ideal for low speed conditions; and another based on lift force, which is best for high speed work.
US08994204B2	High efficiency waterwheel apparatus having track-type blades and a track-type blade set thereof The invention relates to a high efficiency waterwheel apparatus having track-type blades and a track-type blade set thereof, which includes at least one track disk, a plurality of moving elements and a plurality of blades. The track disk has at least one track surrounding a central axis of the track disk. The moving elements move in the track. The blades are connected to the moving elements. The blades are pushed by water flow to revolving around a central axis. The moving elements connected to the blades are guided by a track so that the blades have different angles while revolving to different positions of the track. Thus, the blade set rotate at a variable angular velocity. When the track-type blade set is applied for power generation, the power generation efficiency is improved in a low-speed ocean current.
US08994194B2	Semiconductor device having Au—Cu electrodes, and method of manufacturing semiconductor device A method of manufacturing a biosensor semiconductor device in which copper electrodes at a major surface of the device are modified to form Au—Cu alloy electrodes. Such modification is effected by depositing a gold layer over the device, and then thermally treating the device to promote interdiffusion between the gold and the electrode copper. Alloyed gold-copper is removed from the surface of the device, leaving the exposed electrodes. The electrodes are better compatible with further processing into a biosensor device than is the case with conventional copper electrodes, and the process windows are wider than for gold capped copper electrodes. A biosensor semiconductor device having Au—Cu alloy electrodes is also disclosed.
US08994190B2	Low-temperature flip chip die attach A mechanism for electrically coupling a semiconductor device die to a semiconductor device package substrate that avoids introduction of excessive temperature induced stresses to the semiconductor device die interconnect is provided. In one embodiment, the semiconductor device die is mechanically attached to the package substrate (or another semiconductor device die) at room temperature through the use of a plug-in socket or wedge connection having corresponding mating features formed on the die and substrate. The mechanical interconnect features can be formed on the die and substrate interconnects using an electroplating process. The surfaces of the semiconductor device die and package substrate can then be coupled using an underfill material. A low-temperature solid state bonding process can then be used to diffuse the materials forming the plug and socket features in order to form the electrical connection.
US08994186B2	Thin-film transistor element and method for producing same, organic el display element, and organic el display device A thin film transistor element includes: a gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode; an insulating layer; partition walls; and an organic semiconductor layer. The partition walls define a first aperture. Within the first aperture, at least a part of the source electrode and at least a part of the drain electrode are in contact with the semiconductor layer. In plan view of the bottom of the first aperture, the center of the total of the areas of the source electrode and the drain electrode is offset from the center of the area of the bottom in a given direction.
US08994181B2	Bond pad structure to reduce bond pad corrosion Mechanisms of forming a bond pad structure are provided. The bond pad has a recess region, which is formed by an opening in the passivation layer underneath the bond pad. An upper passivation layer covers at least the recess region of the bond pad to reduce trapping of patterning and/or etching residues in the recess region. As a result, the likelihood of bond pad corrosion is reduced.
US08994166B2	System for clamping heat sink A system for clamping a heat sink that prevents excessive clamping force is provided. The system may include a heat sink, a semiconductor device, a printed circuit board, and a cover. The semiconductor device may be mounted onto the circuit board and attached to the cover. The heat sink may be designed to interface with the semiconductor device to transfer heat away from the semiconductor device and dissipate the heat into the environment. Accordingly, the heat sink may be clamped into a tight mechanical connection with the semiconductor device to minimize thermal resistance between the semiconductor device and the heat sink. To prevent excessive clamping force from damaging the semiconductor device, loading columns may extend between the cover and the heat sink.
US08994156B2	Semiconductor device packages with solder joint enhancement elements Electronic devices including a semiconductor device package, a substrate, and first and second solder joints. The semiconductor device package includes a die pad, leads and enhancement elements surrounding the die pad, a chip electrically connected to the leads, and a package body encapsulating the chip, portions of the leads, and portions of the enhancement elements, but leaving exposed at least a side surface of each enhancement element. Side surfaces of the enhancement elements and the package body are coplanar. The substrate includes first pads corresponding to the leads and second pads corresponding to the enhancement elements. The first solder joints are disposed between the first pads and the leads. The second solder joints are disposed between the second pads and the enhancement elements. The second solder joints contact side surfaces of the enhancement elements. The surface area of the second pads is greater than the surface area of the corresponding enhancement elements.
US08994154B2	Proximity sensor having light blocking structure in leadframe A semiconductor proximity sensor (100) has a flat leadframe (110) with a first (110a) and a second (110b) surface, the second surface being solderable; the leadframe includes a first (111) and a second (112) pad, a plurality of leads (113, 114), and fingers (115, 118) framing the first pad, the fingers spaced from the first pad by a gap (116) which is filled with a clear molding compound. A light-emitting diode (LED) chip (120) is assembled on the first pad and encapsulated by a first volume (140) of the clear compound, the first volume outlined as a first lens (141). A sensor chip (130) is assembled on the second pad and encapsulated by a second volume (145) of the clear compound, the second volume outlined as a second lens (146). Opaque molding compound (150) fills the space between the first and second volumes of clear compound, forms shutters (151) for the first and second lenses, and forms walls rising from the frame of fingers to create an enclosed cavity for the LED. A layer (180) of solder is on the second leadframe surface of the pads, leads, and fingers.
US08994151B2	Semiconductor device having plural patterns extending in the same direction A photomask has a mask blank and a light shielding film formed on the mask blank. The light shielding film includes a plurality of opening traces extending in a first direction. An end of a first opening trace in the first direction and an end of a second opening trace in the first direction are in different positions in the first direction. The second opening trace adjoins the first opening trace.
US08994148B2	Device bond pads over process control monitor structures in a semiconductor die A semiconductor die includes a semiconductor substrate having an edge region surrounding an active region, the active region containing devices of an integrated circuit. The semiconductor die further includes interconnect wiring over the active region in an interlayer dielectric and electrically connected to the devices in the active region, and ancillary wiring over the edge region in the interlayer dielectric and isolated from the interconnect wiring and the devices in the active device region. The interlayer dielectric is passivated, and bond pads are provided over the interconnect wiring and electrically connected to the interconnect wiring through openings in the passivation over the active region. Additional bond pads are provided over the ancillary wiring and are electrically connected to the interconnect wiring through additional openings in the passivation over the active region.
US08994143B2	Semiconductor device with SEG film active region A semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. A barrier film is formed in a device separating structure, and the device separating structure is etched at a predetermined thickness to expose a semiconductor substrate. Then, a SEG film is grown to form an active region whose area is increased. As a result, a current driving power of a transistor located at a cell region and peripheral circuit regions is improved.
US08994130B2	Magnetic memory element and magnetic memory A magnetic memory element includes: a first magnetization free layer formed of a ferromagnetic material having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; a second magnetization free layer provided near the first magnetization free layer and formed of a ferromagnetic material having in-plane magnetic anisotropy; a reference layer formed of a ferromagnetic material having in-plane magnetic anisotropy; and a non-magnetic layer provided between the second magnetization free layer and the reference layer. The first magnetization free layer includes: a first magnetization fixed region of which magnetization is fixed, a second magnetization fixed region of which magnetization is fixed, and a magnetization free region which is connected to the first magnetization fixed region and the second magnetization fixed region, and of which magnetization can be switched. The second magnetization free layer is included in the first magnetization free layer in a plane parallel to a substrate. The second magnetization free layer is provided in a first direction away from the magnetization free region in the plane.
US08994116B2	Hybrid gate process for fabricating FinFET device Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device that includes forming first and second fins over first and second regions of a substrate, forming first and second gate structures over the first and second fins, the first and second gate structures including first and second poly gates, forming an inter-level dielectric (ILD) over the substrate, performing a chemical mechanical polishing on the ILD to expose the first and second poly gates, forming a mask to protect the first poly gate of the first gate structure, removing the second poly gate thereby forming a first trench, removing the mask, partially removing the first poly gate thereby forming a second trench, forming a work function metal layer partially filling the first and second trenches, forming a fill metal layer filling a remainder of the first and second trenches, and removing the metal layers outside the first and second trenches.
US08994096B2	Multi-transistor memory cell with an enhancement junction field effect transistor (JFET) as the access gate transistor The invention relates to a multi-transistor, e.g. a two-transistor memory cell with an enhancement junction field effect transistor (JFET) as the access gate transistor. In one embodiment, the JFET is provided as a self-aligned JFET. Accordingly, and advantageous over the prior art, the invention allows for a method for manufacturing a multi-transistor, e.g. a two-transistor memory cell comprising a JFET as the access transistor without adding any additional masks and/or processing steps. Such a multi-transistor, e.g. a two-transistor memory cell according to invention, provides an improved reliability.
US08994087B2	Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a substrate and a first transistor. The substrate has a major surface. The first transistor is provided on the major surface. The first transistor includes a first stacked body, first and second conductive sections, a first gate electrode, and a first gate insulating film. The first stacked body includes first semiconductor layers and first insulating layers alternately stacked. The first semiconductor layers have a side surface. The first conductive section is electrically connected to one of the first semiconductor layers. The second conductive section is apart from the first conductive section and electrically connected to the one of the first semiconductor layers. The first gate electrode is provided between the first and second conductive sections and opposed to the side surface. The first gate insulating film is provided between the first gate electrode and the first semiconductor layers.
US08994083B2	X-Y address type solid state image pickup device and method of producing the same In an X-Y address type solid state image pickup device represented by a CMOS image sensor, a back side light reception type pixel structure is adopted in which a wiring layer is provided on one side of a silicon layer including photo-diodes formed therein. and visible light is taken in from the other side of the silicon layer, namely, from the side (back side) opposite to the wiring layer. wiring can be made without taking a light-receiving surface into account, and the degree of freedom in wiring for the pixels is enhanced.
US08994079B2	Graphene electronic devices having multi-layered gate insulating layer A graphene electronic device includes a multi-layered gate insulating layer between a graphene channel layer and a gate electrode. The multi-layered gate insulating layer includes an organic insulating layer and an inorganic insulating layer on the organic insulating layer.
US08994078B2	Semiconductor device A semiconductor device includes a cell region and a contact region, the cell region including a functional unit including a gate electrode, a source and a drain electrode, and the contact region including a gate pad. The gate electrode, the gate pad and the source electrode are disposed on a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate, and the drain electrode is disposed on a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate, the second main surface being opposite to the first main surface. A shielding member is disposed between the gate pad and the drain electrode, the shielding member being electrically connected to the source electrode.
US08994076B2	Chemically-sensitive field effect transistor based pixel array with protection diodes Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
US08994075B1	Heterojunction bipolar transistor geometry for improved power amplifier performance A heterojunction bipolar transistor includes a base mesa, an emitter assembly formed over the base mesa, and a base contact. The emitter assembly includes multiple circular sectors. Each circular sector is spaced apart from one another such that a sector gap is formed between radial sides of adjacent circular sectors. The base contact, which is formed over the base mesa, has a central portion and multiple radial members. Each radial member extends outward from the central portion of the base contact along a corresponding sector gap. As such, each of the circular sectors of the emitter assembly is separated by a radial member of the base contact. The number of circular sectors may vary from one embodiment to another. For example, the emitter assembly may have three, four, six, or more circular sectors.
US08994070B2	Reduction of edge effects from aspect ratio trapping A device includes a crystalline material within an area confined by an insulator. In one embodiment, the area confined by the insulator is an opening in the insulator having an aspect ratio sufficient to trap defects using an ART technique. Method and apparatus embodiments of the invention can reduce edge effects in semiconductor devices. Embodiments of the invention can provide a planar surface over a buffer layer between a plurality of uncoalesced ART structures.
US08994063B2	Organic light emitting diode display and method of manufacturing the same An organic light emitting diode display includes a flexible substrate, an organic light emitting diode disposed over the flexible substrate, and an encapsulation film disposed over the flexible substrate to encapsulate the organic light emitting diode, with the organic light emitting diode interposed between the encapsulation film and the flexible substrate. A thermal conduction layer contacts the flexible substrate, wherein the thermal conduction layer faces the organic light emitting diode and the flexible substrate is interposed between the thermal conduction layer and the organic light emitting diode. A first film is disposed over the encapsulation film, and a second film is disposed over the thermal conduction layer.
US08994053B2	Semiconductor light emitting device and method of fabricating the same Provided are a semiconductor light emitting device and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor light emitting device includes: a light emitting structure comprising a first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer under the first conductive type semiconductor layer, and a second conductive type semiconductor layer under the active layer; a reflective electrode layer under the light emitting structure, and an outer protection layer at an outer circumference of the reflective electrode layer.
US08994052B2	High-efficiency light-emitting device and manufacturing method thereof A light-emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer; an active layer formed on the first semiconductor layer; a second semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; and a first pad formed on the second semiconductor layer, wherein the second semiconductor layer comprises a first region right under the first pad and a plurality of voids formed in the first region, wherein the region outside the first region in the second semiconductor layer is devoid of voids, and an area of the first region is smaller than that of the first pad in top view and the area of the first pad is smaller than that of the second semiconductor layer in top view, and the light emitted from the active layer is extracted from a top surface of the second semiconductor layer opposite the first semiconductor layer.
US08994049B2	Light emitting component and manufacturing method thereof A light emitting component, and more particularly to a white light emitting component with high light emitting efficiency are provided. The white light emitting component with high light emitting efficiency has properties of high driving voltage, high color render index and concentrated optical density. The light emitting component includes a plurality of different light emitting diode chip groups for emitting a number of lights in different wavelength ranges and a wavelength conversion fluorescent material. A manufacturing method by stacking miniature light emitting diode chip groups to form the white light emitting component is also provided.
US08994046B2	Light emitting diode device for clamping electrically conductive element A light emitting diode (LED) device comprises a first lead frame, a second lead frame, a LED die and at least one bump. The LED die is fixed on and electrically connected to the first lead frame. The second lead frame separated from the first lead frame with a distance is connected to the LED die. The bump disposed on at least one of the first lead frame and the second lead frame to identify a gripping space for allowing an electronic element inserted or gripped therein.
US08994041B2	Photodiode array module and manufacturing method for same This photodiode array module includes a first semiconductor substrate 2 having a first photodiode array that is sensitive to light of a first wavelength band, a second semiconductor substrate 2′ having a second photodiode array that is sensitive to light of a second wavelength band, and a third semiconductor substrate 3 which is formed with a plurality of amplifiers AMP and on which the first and second semiconductor substrates 2, 2′ are placed side by side without overlapping, and which connects each photodiode to the amplifier AMP via a bump. In adjacent end portions of the first semiconductor substrate 2 and the second semiconductor substrate 2′, stepped portions are formed, which thus allows performing measurement with low noise even when respective pixels are aligned successively over both substrates.
US08994028B2	Display device including at least six transistors By applying an AC pulse to a gate of a transistor which easily deteriorates, a shift in threshold voltage of the transistor is suppressed. However, in a case where amorphous silicon is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor, the occurrence of a shift in threshold voltage naturally becomes a problem for a transistor which constitutes a part of circuit that generates an AC pulse. A shift in threshold voltage of a transistor which easily deteriorates and a shift in threshold voltage of a turned-on transistor are suppressed by signal input to a gate electrode of the transistor which easily deteriorates through the turned-on transistor. In other words, a structure for applying an AC pulse to a gate electrode of a transistor which easily deteriorates through a transistor to a gate electrode of which a high potential (VDD) is applied, is included.
US08994023B2	Thin film transistor array substrate and method of fabricating the same A thin film transistor array substrate capable of reducing degradation of a device due to degradation of an oxide semiconductor pattern and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The thin film transistor array substrate may include an insulating substrate on which a gate electrode is formed, a gate insulating film formed on the insulating substrate, an oxide semiconductor pattern disposed on the gate insulating film, an anti-etching pattern formed on the oxide semiconductor pattern, and a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the anti-etching pattern. The oxide semiconductor pattern may include an edge portion positioned between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the edge portion may include at least one conductive region and at least one non-conductive region.
US08994022B2	Method of evaluating a semiconductor wafer dicing process Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method of evaluating a semiconductor wafer dicing process, comprising providing evaluation lines extending in at least one scribe line of the wafer, dicing the wafer in the scribe line, evaluating the length of the evaluation lines, providing an information about their length, and using the information to evaluate the dicing process.
US08994015B2	Organic light-emitting display device An organic light-emitting display device includes a display substrate comprising a plurality of pixel regions at least partially defined by a plurality of non-pixel regions; a sealing substrate facing the display substrate; and a spacer on one of the non-pixel regions of the display substrate between the display substrate and the sealing substrate to maintain a space between the display substrate and the sealing substrate. The plurality of pixel regions include a first pixel; a second pixel spaced apart from the first pixel and having a center corresponding to a first corner of a virtual rectangle having a center corresponding to a center of the first pixel; and a third pixel spaced apart from the second pixel and having a center corresponding to a second corner adjacent to the first corner of the virtual rectangle. The spacer is adjacent to the second pixel.
US08994005B2	Vertically correlated clusters of charged quantum dots for optoelectronic devices, and methods of making same Devices (e.g., optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and infrared or THz photodetectors) with a nanomaterial having vertically correlated quantum dots with built-in charge (VC Q-BIC) and methods of making such devices. The VC Q-BIC material has two or more quantum dot layers, where the layers have quantum dots (individual quantum dots or quantum dot clusters) in a semiconductor material, and adjacent quantum dot layers are separated by a spacer layer of doped semiconductor material. The VC-QBIC nanomaterial provides long photocarrier lifetime, which improves the responsivity and sensitivity of detectors or conversion efficiency in solar cells as compared to previous comparable devices.
US08993999B2	Semiconductor light emitting device and method for manufacturing same According to an embodiment, a semiconductor light emitting device is configured to emit light by energy relaxation of an electron between subbands of a plurality of quantum wells. The device includes an active layer and at least a pair of cladding layers. The active layer is provided in a stripe shape extending in a direction parallel to an emission direction of the light, and includes the plurality of quantum wells; and the active layer emits the light with a wavelength of 10 μm or more. Each of the cladding layers is provided both on and under the active layer respectively and have a lower refractive index than the active layer. At least one portion of the cladding layers contains a material having a different lattice constant from the active layer and has a lower optical absorption at a wavelength of the light than the other portion.
US08993996B2	Superlattice structure A superlattice layer including a plurality of periods, each of which is formed from a plurality of sub-layers is provided. Each sub-layer comprises a different composition than the adjacent sub-layer(s) and comprises a polarization that is opposite a polarization of the adjacent sub-layer(s). In this manner, the polarizations of the respective adjacent sub-layers compensate for one another. Furthermore, the superlattice layer can be configured to be at least partially transparent to radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation.
US08993988B2	Device for ultraviolet light emission Devices and uses of said devices for transmitting UV light over a broad area and for a long distance to inactivate microbes and non-microbial sources. The device is activated by a variable or dynamic logic process that controls activation of the device, such that activation is automatic and only when there is either a predetermined target or an absence of an action or activity within an effective range of the device. The device comprises at least one ultraviolet light emitting source emitting ultraviolet light in a range from about 10 to 400 nanometers and a lens formed of an ultraviolet light transmissive material. The at least one ultraviolet light emitting source is embedded within the lens. The lens may be formed into a functional or ornamental shape and does not filter or refract significantly the ultraviolet light emitted from the at least one ultraviolet light emitting source.
US08993986B2	Electron beam emitter with a cooling flange, and a method of cooling an electron beam emitter An electron beam emitter comprises a housing enclosing a cathode capable of emitting electrons within the housing and a window for allowing the emitted electrons to exit the housing, wherein the housing has an opening adapted to be at least partly engaged with a high voltage connector assembly, the assembly being adapted to connect the cathode to a power supply, the electron beam emitter further comprising a cooling flange surrounding the opening and having an interior channel extending between an inlet port and an outlet port for receiving cooling fluid for cooling the high voltage connector assembly. The invention further relates to a method of cooling an electron beam device.
US08993982B2	Switchable ion gun with improved gas inlet arrangement A switchable ion gun switchable between a cluster mode setting for producing an ion beam substantially comprising ionised gas clusters and an atomic mode setting for producing an ion beam substantially comprising ionised gas atoms, comprising: a source chamber having a first gas inlet; a gas expansion nozzle for producing gas clusters in the presence of gas atoms by expansion of a gas from the source chamber through the nozzle; an ionisation chamber for ionising the gas clusters and gas atoms; wherein the ionisation chamber has a second gas inlet for admitting gas directly into the ionisation chamber to form ionised gas atoms; and a variable mass selector for mass selecting the ionised gas clusters and ionised gas atoms to produce an ion beam variable between substantially comprising ionised gas clusters and substantially comprising ionised gas atoms.
US08993976B2	Energy sensors for light beam alignment An apparatus includes a drive laser system producing an amplified light beam of pulses that travels along a drive axis; a beam delivery system that directs the amplified light beam of pulses toward a target region; a target material delivery system that provides a target mixture containing a target material in the target region; two or more sensors radially separated from a main axis that crosses the target region, the two or more sensors being configured to detect energy of ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation emitted from a plasma state of the target material when the amplified light beam of pulses intersects the target mixture; and a controller that receives the output from the two or more sensors. The controller is configured to estimate a relative radial alignment between the target mixture and the drive axis within the target region based on an analysis of the detected energy.
US08993974B2	Color time domain integration camera having a single charge coupled device and fringe projection auto-focus system A detector (550) for detecting light (248B) from a light source (248A) comprises a single array of pixels (574) and a first mask (576). The single array of pixels (574) includes a plurality of rows of pixels (574R), and a plurality of columns of pixels (574C) having at least a first active column of pixels (574AC) and a spaced apart second active column of pixels (574AC). The first mask (576) covers one of the plurality of columns of pixels (574C) to provide a first masked column of pixels (574MC) that is positioned between the first active column of pixels (574AC) and the second active column of pixels (574AC). Additionally, a charge is generated from the light (248B) impinging on the first active column of pixels (574AC), is transferred to the first masked column of pixels (574MC), and subsequently is transferred to the second active column of pixels (574AC).
US08993966B2	Flame sensor integrity monitoring A flame detector includes a medium wavelength infrared bolometer having an array of pixel elements disposed within a housing. Optics supported by the housing and disposed with respect to the bolometer direct infrared radiation from a flame to the pixel elements of the array and direct radiation from a separate background object to the pixel elements of the array. Electronics are coupled to receive signals from the bolometer and programmed to track an intensity of radiation from the background object to monitor transmission of radiation through the optics.
US08993964B2	System and method for detecting contaminants in a sample using near-infrared spectroscopy A system and method for detecting a contaminant in a sample. The contaminant may comprise melamine or a derivative thereof and the sample may comprise a feed material. The method may comprise illuminating a sample to thereby generate a first plurality of interacted photons, collecting the interacted photons, passing the interacted photons through a tunable filter, and detecting the interacted photons to generate a near infrared data set representative of the sample. This near infrared sample may comprise a hyperspectral near infrared image. The method may further comprise fusing said near infrared data set with a Raman data set representative of sample. A system may comprise an illumination source, one or more collection optics, a tunable filter, and a detector configured to generate a near infrared data set. The system may further comprise a second detector configured for generating a Raman data set representative of a sample.
US08993963B2	Mounting structures for multi-detector electron microscopes A detector support for an electron microscope including a detector support ring and flexible elements, wherein a first end of each of the flexible elements is connected to the support ring, and wherein the detector support ring and the flexible elements are configured to support at least two detectors in a circumferential arrangement around an optical axis of the electron microscope such that an optical axis of each of the at least two detectors intersects the optical axis of the electron microscope and a target point of the at least two detectors is maintained relatively constant over a temperature change.
US08993961B2	Electric charged particle beam microscope and electric charged particle beam microscopy The electric charged particle beam microscope includes an electric charged particle source; a condenser lens converging electric charged particles emitted from the electric charged particle source on a specimen; a deflector scanning the converged electric charged particles over the specimen; a control unit of the deflector; a specimen stage on which the specimen is mounted; a detector detecting the electric charged particles; a computer forming an image from a control signal from the deflector and an output signal from the detector; and a display part connected with the computer. The control unit of the deflector can change the scan rate of the electric charged particles. A first rate scan image is obtained at a first rate and a second rate scan image is obtained at a second rate slower than the first rate.
US08993960B2	Beam imaging sensor The present invention relates generally to the field of sensors for beam imaging and, in particular, to a new and useful beam imaging sensor for use in determining, for example, the power density distribution of a beam including, but not limited to, an electron beam or an ion beam. In one embodiment, the beam imaging sensor of the present invention comprises, among other items, a circumferential slit that is either circular, elliptical or polygonal in nature.
US08993958B2	Analyzing target analytes in a sample using mass spectroscopy A method for determining an amount of an analyte in a sample by mass spectrometry can include the steps of (i) ionizing an analyte from the sample and a deuterated analog of the analyte, to produce an analyte ion and a deuterated analog ion, where the deuterated analog undergoes fragmentation and deuterium scattering during mass spectrometry; (ii) measuring an analyte ion signal and a deuterated analog ion signal by mass spectrometry, where the deuterated analog ion signal is measured using a mass transition resulting from fragmentation and deuterium scattering; and (iii) determining an amount of analyte in the sample using the analyte ion signal and the deuterated analog ion signal. Corresponding kits can include instructions for carrying out the method, together with a deuterated analog of the analyte selected to undergo fragmentation and deuterium scattering during mass spectrometry and exhibit a mass transition resulting from fragmentation and deuterium scattering.
US08993947B2	Microwave energy interactive insulating sheet and system A microwave energy interactive insulating structure comprises a layer of microwave energy interactive material supported on a first polymer film layer, a moisture-containing layer joined to the layer of microwave energy interactive material, a second polymer film layer joined to the moisture-containing layer in a predetermined pattern to define a plurality of closed cells between the moisture-containing layer and the second polymer film layer, and an aperture extending through the first polymer film layer, the moisture-containing layer, and the second polymer film layer.
US08993946B2	Single-mode microwave popping device The present invention relates to an apparatus for popping kernels, comprising a heating chamber configured to contain kernels, a microwave emitter configured to produce microwave energy within the heating chamber and heat the kernels, a single-mode resonant microwave applicator configured to generate a stable focused high intensity microwave region within the heating chamber, and an air blower configured to create airflow within the heating chamber sufficient to move the kernels within the heating chamber.
US08993944B2	Microwaveable packaging for food products including a frozen component Packaging and a dessert food product combines a hot portion and a cold portion. In one embodiment, the dessert combines hot pie with a topping of ice cream in a single package. In one aspect of the invention, the microwaveable food product and package incorporates a food package that simultaneously includes various susceptor films that allow for differential heating of food. The susceptor film(s) shield the cold-portion food products from being heated in the microwave while they provide even heating of the hot portion of the product. The packaging provides a quick, convenient and tasty dessert with minimal effort. In another aspect of the present invention, the pie and ice cream formulation has been optimized to maintain superior flavor and texture properties after freezing and microwave reheating.
US08993939B2	Resistance heater A resistance heater is shown and described. The resistance heater may include a body. The body may include at least one heating surface, the heating surface being generally smooth and generally flat and a recess formed in the body, at least a portion of the body having a cross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of: generally U shape, generally I-shape, and generally H-shape, and where the cross-sectional shape extends along at least a portion of the body.
US08993931B2	Rotary drier for plants for the production of bituminous macadams with the use of recycled materials A rotary drier for plants for the production of bituminous macadams with the use of recycled materials comprises a hollow rotary cylinder (2), heating means (9) connected to one end (4) of the cylinder (2), an aggregates infeed section (7) connected to one end of the cylinder (2), a dried material outfeed section (8) connected to the other end and an insertion section (24) for inserting recycled cut material into the cylinder (2), the insertion section being connected to an intermediate portion of the cylinder (2). The insertion section (24) comprises a plurality of radial openings (31) distributed circumferentially on the cylinder (2) inner surface (18) and covered by a covering structure (33) which also comprises a plurality of separator plates (34) circumferentially distributed along the cylinder (2) inner surface (18) so that between each pair of adjacent separator plates (34) there is at least one radial opening (31), the separator plates forming a plurality of first channels (35) for guided insertion of the cut material into the cylinder (2). There are also means (32) for feeding the cut material to the openings (31), said means being located on the outside of the cylinder (2). The covering structure (33) is fastened to the cylinder (2) inner surface upstream of the openings (31), extending in the material feed direction and is distanced from the cylinder (2) inner surface (18) downstream of the openings (31) for putting the openings (31) in communication with the inside of the cylinder (2).
US08993922B2	Laser processing method and device A laser processing method which can efficiently perform laser processing while minimizing the deviation of the converging point of a laser beam is provided.This laser processing method comprises a displacement acquiring step (S07 to S11) of irradiating an object to be processed with a rangefinding laser beam for measuring a displacement of a main surface of the object while converging the laser beam with a lens and acquiring the displacement of the main surface along a line to cut while detecting reflected light reflected by the main surface in response to the irradiation; and moves the processing objective lens and the object relative to each other along the main surface, while adjusting the gap between the processing objective lens and the surface according to the displacement acquired by the displacement acquiring step, thereby forming the modified region along the line to cut.
US08993919B2	Laser source and laser beam machine The present application discloses a laser source for emitting laser light onto a work-piece. The laser source includes a generator configured to generate the laser light, and an adjuster configured to adjust an output of the laser light. The adjuster situated between the generator and the work-piece reduces output density of the laser light on the work-piece.
US08993918B2	Spot-welding method and spot-welding device When spot-welding a workpiece including a thin plate, a first thick plate, and a second thick plate, the workpiece is clamped by a fixed electrode in contact with the second thick plate, a movable electrode in contact with the thin plate, and control-pressure applying unit set adjacent to the movable electrode and in contact with the thin plate. Pressure is applied to the second thick plate by the fixed electrode, and pressure and control pressure are respectively applied by the movable electrode and the control-pressure applying unit to the thin plate. The pressure from the fixed electrode is controlled to be smaller than the pressure from the movable electrode. The current density between the thin plate and the first thick plate increases.
US08993916B2	Variable venting and damping arc mitigation assemblies and methods of assembly Equipment protection systems, arc containment devices, and methods of assembling arc containment devices are disclosed. In one example, an electrical isolation structure includes a conductor base, a cover coupled to the conductor base and defining an isolation chamber, a containment shield disposed on the conductor base within the isolation chamber, and a biasing assembly positioned between the cover and the containment shield. The containment shield defines a containment chamber configured to enclose the plurality of electrode assemblies. The containment shield is configured to at least partially contain the arc products within the containment chamber. The biasing assembly is configured to permit the containment shield to move away from the conductor base to thereby define a gap between the conductor base and the containment shield to enable at least some of the arc gases to vent from the containment chamber.
US08993913B2	Cover glass pressure button A cover glass pressure button (CGPB) is disclosed for an electronic device that has an image display module which is protected by a cover glass. When the cover glass is pressed, the CGPB senses the pressure to output a corresponding physical parameter to a control circuit for triggering a function of the image display module.
US08993912B2	Switching apparatus A switching apparatus for an electrical switching device, the switching device including a rotor housing rotatable between an open position and a closed position; at least one contact arm with a moving contact; and a switching unit with a switching lever, movable between an ON position and an OFF position, a switching frame, and a lever mechanism in functional contact with the switching frame and the rotor housing such that movement of the switching lever into the ON position allows the rotor housing to be moved into the closed position and movement of the switching lever into the OFF position allows the rotor housing to be moved into the open position. The lever mechanism includes at least one stop, configured to prevent movement of the switching lever into the OFF position, independently of the movement of the rotor housing, when the rotor housing is in the closed position.
US08993907B2	Silicide micromechanical device and methods to fabricate same A miniaturized electro-mechanical switch includes a moveable portion having a contact configured to make, when the switch is actuated, an electrical connection between two stationary points. At least the contact is composed of a fully silicided material. A structure includes a silicon layer formed over an insulator layer and a micromechanical switch formed at least partially within the silicon layer. The micromechanical switch has a conductive structure, and where at least electrically contacting portions of the conductive structure are comprised of fully silicided material.
US08993880B2	Dye-sensitized solar cell and method for preventing elution of catalyst from catalyst electrode Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of −2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of −2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum], or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.
US08993876B2	Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same A solar cell includes a silicon semiconductor substrate; an emitter layer formed on a surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate; an antireflection layer formed on the emitter layer: and a front electrode electrically connected to the emitter layer by penetrating the antireflection layer. The front electrode includes a finger line and a busbar electrode electrically connected to the finger line, and the busbar electrode includes at least a first electrode line and a second electrode line electrically connected to each other. The first and second electrode lines have a width same as or larger than a width of the finger line, and the first and second electrode lines have the width of 100 μm or less.
US08993875B2	Solar battery module and method for manufacturing the same Provided is a solar battery module wherein solar battery cells are electrically connected to each other by using a wiring board having a predetermined wiring pattern formed on a resin base material. A method for manufacturing such solar battery module is also provided. In the wiring board of the solar battery module, a direction wherein a design margin is small is permitted to be a direction wherein the thermal contraction ratio of the resin base material is small, by the shape of an electrode pattern on the solar battery cell and that of the wiring pattern on the wiring board. At the time of manufacturing such solar battery module, temperature in a heat treatment step is set at 100° C. or higher but not higher than 180° C. Electrode designing at a fine pitch is made possible and the solar battery module exhibits high solar battery characteristics, even when the solar battery cells are connected by using wiring boards composed of various types of resin materials having thermal compression ratio not sufficiently low.
US08993870B2	Solar tracker for photovoltaic power generation A solar tracker is provided to fix an altitude angle until the altitude of the sun secedes from a predetermined range after matching the altitude through once driving of one shaft that tracks the altitude angle and to drive only the other shaft that tracks an east-west azimuth angle in daily repetition in a state where the altitude angle of the sun, which is repeatedly changed according to seasons of the year in the range of the winter solstice having the lowest altitude angle and the summer solstice having the highest altitude angle, has an extremely small diurnal change, whereas the azimuth angle of the sun is repeatedly changed in one direction, that is, from sunup to sundown, in a day. Accordingly, consumption of firm power of a driving unit for tracking the sun can be minimized, and the operating and management costs of the device can be reduced.
US08993864B1	Support device for harmonica and microphone A device structured to support a harmonica and a microphone. The device includes a base, a microphone retainer secured to the base, and a harmonica securement mechanism secured to the base adjacent the microphone retainer.
US08993862B2	Retractable stringed musical instruments and method for operating same The present invention is directed a retractable stringed musical instrument, and more particularly, to a stringed musical instrument having a tailpiece, a body coupled to the tailpiece, a neck coupled to the body and a fingerboard coupled to the neck. The fingerboard and the neck adjustably extendable and retractable relative to the tailpiece. The retractable stringed instrument further comprises a bridge coupled to the body where the bridge vertically movable upon retraction of the fingerboard and the neck to enable the fingerboard to move over the bridge.
US08993857B1	Maize hybrid X08D419 A novel maize variety designated X08D419 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X08D419 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X08D419 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X08D419, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X08D419. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X08D419.
US08993847B2	Drought tolerant plants and related constructs and methods involving genes encoding ferrochelatases Isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides and recombinant DNA constructs useful for conferring drought tolerance, compositions (such as plants or seeds) comprising these recombinant DNA constructs, and methods utilizing these recombinant DNA constructs. The recombinant DNA construct comprises a polynucleotide operably linked to a promoter that is functional in a plant, wherein said polynucleotide encodes a ferrochelatase.
US08993845B2	Microprojectile bombardment transformation of Brassica The invention relates to the genetic manipulation of plants, particularly plants of the genus Brassica. Methods are provided for producing transgenic Brassica plants involving the introduction of a DNA construct by microprojectile bombardment into pre-incubated microspores, microspore-derived embryos and microspore-derived hypocotyls. The methods find use in the development of improved agricultural varieties of Brassica plants through the incorporation of desirable agronomic traits.
US08993843B2	Control of fruit dehiscence in plants by indehiscent1 genes The present application provides methods and compositions that modulate fruit dehiscence in plants.
US08993826B2	Nano flex HLW/spent fuel rods recycling and permanent disposal Methods for converting toxic waste, including nuclear waste, to quasi-natural or artificial feldspar minerals are disclosed. The disclosed methods may include converting, chemically binding, sequestering and incorporating the toxic waste into quasi-natural or artificial Feldspar minerals. The quasi-natural or artificial feldspar minerals may be configured to match naturally occurring materials at a selected disposal site. Methods for the immediate, long term, quasi-permanent disposal or storage of quasi natural or artificial feldspar materials are also disclosed.
US08993823B2	Olefin metathesis process using a catalyst containing tungsten fluorine bonds A process for the metathesis of olefins has been developed. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst at metathesis conditions. The catalyst comprises a tungsten compound, which contains at least one tungsten-fluoro bond, dispersed or grafted onto a support. A specific example of the catalyst is the compound WOF(CH2CMe3)3 grafted onto a silica support. The feedstock comprises a first and a second olefin wherein the second olefin has a carbon number of at least two greater than the first olefin and the product is an olefin with a carbon number intermediate between the first and second olefin. Specifically the process produces propylene from ethylene and butylene.
US08993820B2	Alkylation process The present invention provides an improved process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound from an at least partially untreated alkylatable aromatic compound having catalyst poisons, wherein said alkylatable aromatic compound stream is treated to reduce catalyst poisons with a treatment composition having a surface area/surface volume ratio of greater than or equal to 30 in−1 (12 cm−1) in a treatment zone separate from an alkylation reaction zone under treatment conditions including a temperature of from about 30° C. to about 300° C. to form an effluent comprising said treated alkylatable aromatic compound.
US08993812B2	Method for preparing 2-methyl-4-phenylbutan-2-OL A method of preparing 2-methyl-4-phenylbutan-2-ol from a Grignard-type reaction of a benzylmagnesium halide with isobutylene oxide, and the use of the 2-methyl-4-phenylbutan-2-ol as a fragrance or flavoring, cosmetic agent, or detergent component.
US08993803B2	Method for producing phosgene A process for preparing phosgene by reaction of a feed stream (1) obtained by combining and mixing a chlorine feed stream (2) and a carbon monoxide feed stream (3), with the carbon monoxide being introduced in a stoichiometric excess over chlorine, in catalyst tubes filled with beds of activated carbon in a reactor R having a bundle of catalyst tubes,to give a product gas mixture (4)which is separated into a liquid, phosgene-comprising product stream (5) and an offgas stream (6) comprising carbon monoxide which is discharged via a pressure-regulating valve, where the reaction of the feed stream (1) in the reactor R and the separation of the product gas mixture (4) are carried out under a pressure in the range from 2.0 to 6.0 bar gauge pressure, whereinthe excess of carbon monoxide in the feed stream (1) to the reactor R is regulated by continuously measuring the flow and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the offgas stream (6), calculating the actual value of the excess of carbon monoxide in the feed stream (1) to the reactor R from these measurements in combination with the continuously measured values for the flow of the carbon monoxide feed stream (3) and the flow of and the chlorine concentration in the chlorine feed stream (2) and matching this to the intended value of the excess of carbon monoxide in the feed stream (1) to the reactor R by adapting the flow of the carbon monoxide feed stream (3), is proposed.
US08993802B2	Sodium diformate production and use The invention relates to a method for producing and using a solid sodium diformate having a high formic acid content, to the use thereof in animal foods in the form of an acidifier, preservatives, ensilage auxiliary agents, fertilizers, and a growth and productivity-stimulating agent and the inventive animal food additives containing sodium diformate.
US08993798B2	Isomerized alpha olefin sulfonate and method of making the same The present invention is directed to an isomerized alpha olefin sulfonate and a method of making the same wherein the isomerized alpha olefin sulfonate is derived from sulfonating an isomerized alpha olefin with sulfur trioxide in the presence of air thereby producing an isomerized alpha olefin sulfonic acid, wherein the isomerized alpha olefin is derived from the isomerization of C12-C20 normal alpha olefins; and neutralizing the isomerized alpha olefin sulfonic acid with a source of an alkali metal or ammonium or substituted ammonium ion.
US08993793B1	Multifunctional mesoporous silica catalyst The present invention provides bifunctional silica mesoporous materials, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles (“MSN”), having pores modified with diarylammonium triflate and perfluoroaryl moieties, that are useful for the acid-catalyzed esterification of organic acids with organic alcohols.
US08993779B2	Positive allosteric modulators of MGLUR2 The present invention is directed to benzimidazolone derivatives which are positive allosteric modulators of the mGluR2 receptor, useful in the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which the mGluR2 receptor is involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved, such as schizophrenia.
US08993774B2	Process for production of aromatic alcohol or heterocyclic aromatic alcohol A process of production of an aromatic alcohol or a heterocyclic aromatic alcohol, containing a step of reacting an aromatic amine or a heterocyclic aromatic amine having an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic aromatic ring having thereon at least one substituent —CHR1NR2R3 (wherein R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group), with an alcohol, in the presence of a basic catalyst.
US08993768B2	Tropolone compounds for treating or preventing retroviral infection Disclosed are compounds that inhibit RNase H activity of retroviruses, for example, a compound of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, stereoisomers, and prodrugs thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as methods of use, and treatment or prevention of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
US08993758B2	Substituted quinoxalines and uses thereof Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I) and methods of inhibiting IKKβ and the NF-κB signaling and mTOR pathways.
US08993755B2	Modulators of toll-like receptor 7 The present application includes a compound of Formula I or II: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, compositions containing such compounds, therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds with at least one additional active agent.
US08993748B2	Process for the preparation of trivalent iron complexes with mono-, di- and polysaccharide sugars Process for the preparation of trivalent iron complexes with mono-, di- and polysaccharide sugars, consisting of the activation of the sugar by oxidation with nascent bromine generated in situ by reaction between an alkaline or alkaline earth bromine and an alkaline hypochlorite, the complexation of the activated sugar in solution with a ferric salt dissolved in an aqueous solution, the purification of the resulting solution through ultrafiltration and finally the stabilization of the trivalent iron-sugar complex by heating at a temperature between 60° C. and 100° C. for a period between 1 and 4 hours at a pH between 9.0 and 11.0.
US08993747B2	Process for improved production of alkali cellulose and cellulose derivatives The present invention relates to a process for the production of alkali cellulose for the production of alkali cellulose and, optionally, cellulose ethers from cellulose in the presence of alkali and, if applicable, with alkylating and/or hydroxyalkylating agent(s) comprising the reaction of a cellulose with an alkali metal hydroxide, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is mixed with cellulose in a mixing apparatus, the mixing apparatus (1) having an upper region (20, 102a, 202a) with a first cross-section and a lower region (21, 102b, 202b) with a second cross-section, the second cross-section being the same as or smaller than the first cross-section and comprising at least one non-horizontally oriented mixing device (23, 27, 121, 221, 224).
US08993729B2	Tissue specific expression of antibodies in chickens Transgenes encoding exogenous antibodies are stably integrated into donor cells and are present in the somatic tissue of chimeric birds. The transgenes encode exogenous antibodies and are preferably expressed in the oviduct for collection in the egg. Tissue specificity is provided by selecting the content of the transgene accordingly. Birds whose genome is comprised of trangene-derived exogenous antibody-encoding DNA express exogenous antibodies having desirable chemical properties with increased therapeutic utility compared to antibodies derived from bacterial expression systems.
US08993728B2	Anti-human CLCP1 antibody and use thereof The present invention provides novel antibodies that recognize the extracellular domain of a human CLCP1 antigen; nucleic acids encoding the antibodies; vectors carrying the nucleic acids in an expressible manner; transformed cells containing the vectors; methods for producing the antibodies; diagnostic methods for cancer or prognosis of cancer, immunohistological or immunocytological assay methods, and kits for determining the expression level of CLCP1 in cells or tissues, all of which use the antibodies; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies; agents for treating or preventing CLCP1-expressing cancer; agents for inhibiting growth, migration, invasion, or metastasis of CLCP1-expressing cancer cells; immunostaining agents for staining CLCP1-expressing cancer cells; and agents for treating or preventing CLCP1-expressing tumor. The present invention also provides methods of screening for candidate substances that inhibit cancer cell growth, invasion, migration, or metastasis, or candidate substances having cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
US08993725B2	Notch-based fusion proteins and uses thereof This invention provides a method for treating a subject having a tumor and a method for inhibiting angiogenesis in a subject, both comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition of matter comprising the extracellular domain of a Notch receptor protein operably affixed to a half-life-increasing moiety. This invention also provides a composition of matter comprising the extracellular domain of Notch4 receptor protein operably affixed to a half-life-increasing moiety. This invention further provides an article of manufacture. Finally, this invention provides a replicable vector which encodes a polypeptide comprising the extracellular domain of a Notch receptor protein operably affixed to a half-life-increasing moiety, a host vector system which comprises such replicable vector and a method of producing such polypeptide.
US08993712B2	Method for producing biocidal polyguanidine, and biocidal polyguanidine The inventions relate to antiseptic agents and the method for producing thereof and can be used as a broad-spectrum disinfectant in medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture etc.The method for producing of biocidal polyguanidine that comprises condensation polymerization of hexamethylenediamine with guanine salt additionally uses hydrazine hydrate during the condensation polymerization process, at the following ratio of components, mass %: hexamethylenediamine 20-55 guanidine salt 25-65 hydrazine hydrate the rest. Biocidal polyguanidine obtained by means of the abovementioned method, with the following formula: where n—the number of links A in a single unit of the polymer chain, n=1-3; m—the number of links B in a single unit of the polymer chain, m=2-10; z—the number of single units in the polymer chain, z=4-20; Acid—an acid. The inventions allow obtaining a biocidal polyguanidine with high level of broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
US08993708B2	Carbazole polymer A carbazole polymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula 1 and having excellent one electron oxidation-state stability, wherein, in Formula 1, R1-R4 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1-60 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1-60 carbon atoms, or similar, Cz represents a divalent group including a carbazole skeleton represented by Formula 2, and Ar represents a divalent aromatic ring or similar; wherein, in Formula 2, R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-60 carbon atoms, or similar, R6-R11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or similar, and m represents an integer 1-10.
US08993699B2	Photosensitive resin composition for microlens There is provided a photosensitive resin composition for a microlens. A photosensitive resin composition for a microlens, comprising a component (A), a component (B) and a component (C), wherein the component (A) is a polymer having a maleimide structural unit of Formula (1), the component (B) is a cross-linking agent, and the component (C) is a photosensitizing agent.
US08993693B2	Ethylene copolymers with a novel composition distribution and processes for making the same A Ziegler-Natta catalyzed ethylene copolymer having a novel composition distribution in which comonomers are incorporated into the high molecular weight polymer molecules and distributed evenly among the entire polyethylene chains, and a method for making the same are provided. The resins having a novel composition distribution have controlled molecular weight distribution which is narrower than conventional ZN-ethylene copolymers but broader than single-site catalyzed ethylene copolymers. The resins having a novel composition distribution exhibit a superior tear strength and impact strength.
US08993692B2	Self limiting catalyst composition for ethylene polymerization A process for polymerizing ethylene to produce an ethylene-based polymer including contacting ethylene with a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, an alkylaluminum cocatalyst and a self limiting agent selected from the group of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, substituted cycloaliphatic or aromatic esters, anhydrides and amides such that the self limiting agent reduces polymerization rates to no greater than 40% of the polymerization rate in the absence of the self limiting agent at temperatures equal to or greater than 120° C. is provided.
US08993691B2	Lightweight particles and compositions containing them Disclosed are particles that have an exterior surface coated with a thin polymeric coating, such as a coating that includes a sulfur-containing polymer. Also disclosed are compositions, such as fuel-resistant sealant and coating compositions, which include such particles. Aerospace vehicles having an aperture at least partially sealed with a sealant deposited from such a sealant composition are also disclosed.
US08993686B2	Multiamino acid-based poly(ester amide)s Biodegradable saturated and unsaturated polyester amides (PEA)s made from multiamino acid monomers and methods of making biodegradable saturated and unsaturated PEAs.
US08993680B2	Hyperbranched polyethylenes and a process for making A process for making a hyperbranched polyethylene. The process has the steps of (a) reacting a multifunctional acrylate monomer with an α,ω-diene monomer in the presence of a first catalyst to form an alternating acrylate/diene copolymer and (b) reacting the alternating acrylate/diene copolymer with a late transition metal α-diimine catalyst to form a multi-nuclear initiator for chain walking polymerization of ethylene. There is also a process for forming a multi-nuclear initiator. There is also a hyperbranched polymer.
US08993673B2	Water-based coating composition and method of forming multilayered coating film An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition with excellent finished appearance and removability in bell cleaning, and a method for forming a multilayer coating film having excellent smoothness by a 3-coat-1-bake method including successively applying an aqueous first colored coating composition, an aqueous second colored coating composition, and a clear coating composition to a substrate, and heat-curing the resulting three layers of the multilayer coating film all at once. The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition containing an acrylic resin (A), a curing agent (B), and a urethane resin emulsion (C) with a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 50,000, the urethane resin emulsion (C) being prepared using constituent components containing a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component as starting materials, wherein the polyisocyanate component contains an alicyclic diisocyanate, and the polyol component contains a polycarbonate diol in an amount of 50 mass %, based on the total amount of the polyol component.
US08993671B2	Poly(aliphatic ester)-polycarbonate copolymer/polylactic acid blend The present invention is directed to a blended composition comprising one or more polycarbonates wherein at least one of the polycarbonates is a polyesterpolycarbonate having at least one unit derived from a soft block ester unit, e.g., sebacic acid, and at least one unit derived from bisphenol A, and a polylactic polymer wherein the composition has an overall biocontent of at least 10% according to ASTMD6866.
US08993668B2	Polyvinyl ester dispersions, process for preparation thereof and use thereof What are described are polyvinyl ester dispersions which are prepared in a multistage process and have a low content of polymerized acids or acid anhydrides. They can be obtained by a multistage process in which a polyvinyl ester dispersion is obtained in a first stage, monomers in dissolved or pure form are added to the reaction mixture in a second stage and then the polymerization is started again. The polymer dispersions obtained in this way are notable for a low coagulum content and for increased tensile strengths of the films formed therefrom.
US08993663B2	Acrylic block copolymers for aerosols and aerosol adhesives An aerosol is described comprising a composition comprising an acrylic block copolymer, a solvent, and a propellant. An article is described comprising the aerosol contained within a pressurized containment vessel comprising a valve. An aerosol mist is also described comprising droplets of an adhesive composition, wherein the adhesive composition comprises an acrylic block copolymer, a glass transition temperature modifier, and optionally an additive.
US08993660B2	Antistatic thermoplastic compositions The instant invention pertains to the use of an antistatic composition comprising a polar thermoplastic polymer and an ionic liquid as antistatic additive for non-polar thermo-plastic or elastomeric polymers. Further aspects of the invention are a process for the preparation of an antistatic non-polar thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer which process comprises incorporating therein a mixture of a polar thermoplastic polymer and an ionic liquid and the composition of a polar thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid and a non-polar thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer.
US08993659B2	Rubber composition and pneumatic tire A rubber composition contains diene-based rubber, silica, a sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, and an amine compound. The amine compound is indole, indigo, and derivatives thereof each of which is represented by a predetermined formula. The content of the silica is 20 to 120 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the diene-based rubber. The content of the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent is 3 to 15 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the silica. The content of the amine compound is 0.5 to 20 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the silica. By the use of the rubber composition with this composition, a tire having improved dispersibility of silica, excellent wet performance, and excellent rolling resistance and showing a suppressed decrease in reinforcing property can be produced.
US08993644B2	Medical devices formed from recycled medical waste and methods of manufacture Methods of reclaiming plastic from plastic medical waste containers containing medical waste and manufacturing recycled medical devices are described. Recycled medical devices made from plastic medical waste containers containing medical waste are also described.
US08993642B2	Method for producing hydrocarbon oil, fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction device, and hydrocarbon oil production system The present invention provides a process for producing a hydrocarbon oil by performing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction using a reactor for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis including a reaction apparatus having a slurry containing catalyst particles and a gaseous phase located above the slurry to obtain a hydrocarbon oil, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is performed while controlling a temperature of the slurry so that a difference T2−T1 between the average temperature T1 of the slurry and a temperature T2 at the liquid level of the slurry in contact with the gaseous phase is 5 to 30° C.
US08993638B2	Brominated nitroalkanol compositions and their use as biocides Provided are biocidal compositions comprising: tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane; and a brominated nitroalkanol compound of formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein. The compositions are useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water-containing systems.
US08993634B2	Methods and use of compounds that bind to Her2/neu receptor complex This application describes pharmaceutical compositions, kits, and methods for inhibiting cell proliferative disorders, especially those disorders characterized by overactivity and/or inappropriate activity of a receptor tyrosine kinase, including Her2 related cancers, and methods for imaging an Her-2 expressing tumor.
US08993630B2	Substituted sulphonamido phenoxybenzamides The present invention relates to substituted sulphonamido phenoxybenzamide compounds of general formula (I): in which A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and n are as defined in the claims, to pharmaceutical compositions and combinations containing said compounds, to methods of preparing said compounds, and to the use of said compounds or compositions for treating hyper-proliferative and/or angiogenesis disorders, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.
US08993629B2	Viscoelastic system for drift reduction The invention relates to a viscoelastic system for drift reduction for pesticidal formulations, and the use thereof, wherein said formulation comprising at least one nitrogen-based cationic surfactant and at least one pesticide, wherein said pesticide contains at least one acid functional group associating with said cationic surfactant thereby forming a viscoelastic formulation.
US08993616B2	(aza)indole derivative and use thereof for medical purposes The present invention provides compounds useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with abnormal serum uric acid level which has a uricosuric activity or the like. The present invention relates to (aza)indole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) having xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with abnormality of serum uric acid level, prodrugs thereof, or salts thereof. In the formula (I), T represents nitro or cyano and the like; ring J represents aryl or heteroaryl and the like; Q represents carboxy or 5-tetazolyl and the like; Y represents H, OH, NH2, halogen, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy and the like; X1, X2 and X3 independently represent CR2 or N; R1 and R2 independently represent halogen, cyano, haloalkyl, A-D-E-G, —N(-D-E-G)2 and the like, in the formula, A represents a single bond, O, S and the like; D and G independently represent optionally substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, heterocycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene and the like; E represents a single bond, O, S, COO, SO2 and the like.
US08993615B2	Compositions and methods for treatment of neurodegenerative disease Compounds, compositions, kits and methods for treating conditions related to neurodegeneration or ocular disease, are disclosed.
US08993609B2	Compounds for treating papilloma virus infection The present invention relates to polyamide compositions and therapies for treating cells and subjects infected with papilloma virus.
US08993599B2	Pharmaceutical formulations useful for inhibiting acid secretion and methods for making and using them In one general aspect of the present invention, pharmaceutical formulations comprising both a proton pump inhibitor microencapsulated or dry coated with a material that enhances the shelf-life of the pharmaceutical composition and one or more antacid are described. In another general aspect of the present invention, pharmaceutical formulations comprising both a proton pump inhibitor microencapsulated or dry coated with a taste-masking material and one or more antacid are described.
US08993596B2	4-(azacycloalkyl)benzene-1,3-diol compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors, process for the preparation thereof and use thereof in human medicine and in cosmetics 4-(Azacycloalkyl)benzene-1,3-diol compounds are described corresponding to general formula (I) below: Also described, are compositions including the same, processes for preparation thereof and uses thereof in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions to treat pigmentary disorders.
US08993590B2	Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for the treatment of inflammatory disorders The present invention discloses compounds according to Formula I: Wherein R1a, R1b, R2, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R7, R8, W, X, Cy, and the subscript a are as defined herein. The present invention relates to compounds inhibiting autotaxin (NPP2 or ENPP2), methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of treatment using the same, for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases involving fibrotic diseases, proliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, dermatological disorders, and/or abnormal angiogenesis associated diseases by administering the compound of the invention.
US08993587B2	Combination of syrosingopine and mitochondrial inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and immunosuppression The invention relates to a combination of syrosingopine and a mitochondrial inhibitor, e.g. metformin or oligomycin, and the use of the combination of syrosingopine and a mitochondrial inhibitor for the treatment of cancer and for achieving immunosuppression. The invention also relates to a fluorescence-based method for predicting syrosingopine sensitivity of a cancer cell.
US08993569B2	Diarylpyridazinone derivatives, preparation thereof, and use thereof for the treatment of humans The present invention relates to diarylpyridazinone derivatives that block the potassium Kv channels (specifically the Kv1.5, Kv4.3, and Kv11.1 channels) and to the use thereof for the treatment of humans. Said compounds have the general formula (I), where R1 and R2 are simultaneously or independently one or more groupings such as: halogen, such as F, Br, Cl, a straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, a straight or branched C1-C4 alkoxy, arylsulfonamido, in which the aryl is optionally replaced with a straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl, or nitrile, as well as the various enantiomers and the mixtures thereof in any proportion, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
US08993558B2	Compositions comprising a calcium channel blocker or a calmodulin blocker for use in the removal of hyperplastic skin lesions A composition, use of and a method of removing a hyperplastic skin lesion on a mammal comprising administering to the lesion or locus thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a blocker selected from the group consisting of a calcium channel blocker, a metabolite thereof, a calmodulin blocker and a metabolite thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
US08993551B2	Composition for the regulation of the human immune system and the prevention and treatment of diseases thereof A nutritional supplement composed of phytosterols, anti-oxidants, and other complexes, including essential fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, proline rich polypeptides and digestive enzymes is described. The nutritional supplement may be used by individuals suffering from or at risk of developing immune system diseases; breast cancer, colon and prostate cancer; HIV infection; high cholesterol; or enlarged prostate. In the preferred form, the invention comprises phytosterols and antioxidants, together with essential fatty acids derived from amino acids, short chain peptides, proline rich polypeptides and digestive enzymes, and a microcellulose filler.
US08993545B2	Carbonate prodrugs and methods of using the same The present invention provides carbonate prodrugs which comprise a carbonic phosphoric anhydride prodrug moiety attached to the hydroxyl or carboxyl group of a parent drug moiety. The prodrugs may provide improved physicochemical properties over the parent drug. Also provided are methods of treating a disease or condition that is responsive to the parent drug using the carbonate prodrugs, as well as kits and unit dosages.
US08993543B2	Diphenyl sulfide derivative and pharmaceutical product which contains same as active ingredient [Problem] To provide a diphenyl sulfide derivative which is useful as a pharmaceutical product that has excellent S1P3 antagonist activity.[Solution] The inventors have discovered that a diphenyl sulfide derivative represented by general formula (1) (wherein R1 represents an alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, R2 represents a propyl group or an allyl group, X represents methylene or an oxygen atom, and Z represents a halogen atom) has excellent S1P3 antagonist activity as a result of extensive researches for the production of a compound that has S1P3 antagonist activity.
US08993540B2	Compositions and methods for delivering an agent to a wound The invention provides compositions featuring chitosan and methods for using such compositions for the local delivery of biologically active agents to an open fracture, complex wound or other site of infection. Advantageously, the degradation and drug elution profiles of the chitosan compositions can be tailored to the needs of particular patients at the point of care (e.g., in a surgical suite, clinic, physician's office, or other clinical setting).
US08993537B2	Forming porous scaffold from cellulose derivatives Scaffold comprises a polymer defining macropores and comprising hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, which is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group. The macropores have an average pore size larger than 50 microns and are at least partially interconnected. In one method, bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous aqueous phase and a continuous polymer phase is formed. The polymer phase comprises hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, and is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group to form a polymer defining at least partially interconnected pores. In another method, phase separation is induced in a solution comprising a polymer precursor and water to form a bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous polymer phase and a continuous aqueous phase. The polymer precursor comprises a self-crosslinkable group and is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group in the emulsion to form a polymer defining at least partially interconnected macropores.
US08993532B2	Structurally designed shRNAs Provided is an improved design of shRNA based on structural mimics of miR-451 precursors. These miR-451 shRNA mimics are channeled through a novel small RNA biogenesis pathway, require AGO2 catalysis and are processed by Drosha but are independent of DICER processing. This miRNA pathway feeds active elements only into Ago2 because of its unique catalytic activity. These data demonstrate that this newly identified small RNA biogenesis pathway can be exploited in vivo to produce active molecules.
US08993530B2	RNAi expression constructs The present invention provides compositions and methods suitable for expressing 1-x RNAi agents against a gene or genes in cells, tissues or organs of interest in vitro and in vivo so as to treat diseases or disorders.
US08993529B2	Antisense modulation of superoxide dismutase 1, soluble expression Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of superoxide dismutase 1, soluble. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding superoxide dismutase 1, soluble. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of superoxide dismutase 1, soluble expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of superoxide dismutase 1, soluble are provided.
US08993526B2	Method for counteracting the perception of sweat malodour by decreasing the function of carboxylic acid-binding olfactory receptors The invention relates to the identification of carboxylic acids, present in human sweat, as natural ligands of a specific subgroup of seven olfactory receptor (OR) belonging to class 1 within the OR classification. The invention encompasses the use of the interaction of OR polypeptides and carboxylic acids as the basis of screening assays for agents that specifically modulate the activity of the seven ORs of the invention.
US08993520B2	Method and composition for transdermal drug delivery The invention is directed to a transdermal drug delivery composition which includes at least one physiologically active agent; and at least one volatile solvent; and at least one viscosity modulating agent. The invention extends to methods of administering such a composition to a subject and treatment of subjects using the composition.
US08993519B2	Method of treatment for neutropenia using stable formulations of recombinant human albumin-human granulocyte colony stimulating factor Described herein are compositions and methods for treating, preventing and ameliorating diseases and conditions characterized by a lower than normal white blood cell count, such as leukopenia and neutropenia. The compositions and methods include recombinant human albumin-human granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Pharmaceutical formulations including the recombinant fusion protein, and methods of making such formulations are also described.

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