VERFAHREN ZUR BEKÄMPFUNG VON SCHADORGANISMEN

A method for controlling harmful organisms

The present invention relates to the field of controlling harmful organisms in the cultivation of crops. The present invention is a method for controlling harmful organisms, a system for controlling harmful organisms and the use of a digital map application for the application of one or more pesticides against harmful organisms.

The cultivation of crops there are many different organisms that reduce the yield, negatively affect the quality of the harvest, or may have an adverse impact on other crop or the crop.

Such pests include, for example weeds and grass weeds, fungi, animal pests and pathogens.

In addition, there are many different ways and means to prevent, reduce or control of such pests.

For example, weeds and grass weeds in the cultivation of crops can be successfully controlled by the use of herbicides.

However, resistances are seen increasingly in the use of herbicides. The emergence of resistance to a herbicide is a natural process that enables plants to adapt to their environmental conditions and to ensure their survival.

The development of resistant plants begins with individuals that are naturally occurring in each population, and the means used against resistant are.

By repeated applications of herbicides with the same or similar modes of action there is a selection pressure on weeds. This selection pressure favoring the survival suitably adapted (resistant) individuals. Is not a strategy to prevent or suspend this selection process conducted resistant individuals can be prevalent in a population over time. This results in the first control problems, and finally there is a resistant population before.

This applies smitteln for the control of other harmful organisms with corresponding fighting not only for the control of weeds and grass weeds with herbicides but analogously.

To prevent the development of resistance, it is necessary to use pesticides against harmful organisms only there and only to the extent that it is necessary.

The specific use of pesticides in recent years, various approaches have been published. Laid-open Publication WO95 / 01719 describes a computer system to which a field is first divided into several zones which are monitored independently. An irrigation and the use of chemicals is then zone, as a function of needs, which are determined by the monitoring. appropriate sensors and means for data acquisition, data processing and data analysis is required for the ongoing monitoring of the zones.

The patent US 6,199,000 describes a method in which an RTK GPS (Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System) receiver is used during planting of useful plants, to create a digital map of the field. The high accuracy of the positioning of RTK GPS, the locations of the individual crops are down to a few centimeters recorded accurately on the digital map. A with a suitable sensor (such as a "Chlorophyll detector") equipped vehicle can thus identify plants which grow in locations where no seed has been introduced into the ground. Be detected plants in places where no seeding is carried out, is it highly likely that a weed. This can then be tackled locally.

WO00 / 23937 describes a computer system. Part of the computer system is a digital map of an agricultural field, based on a photographic recording, and includes the geographical latitude and longitude, so that a position determination is possible. In this digital map, a user can define zones. The zones, the user can assign formulations of substances (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides) and to be applied amounts of this substance formulations. The computer system can produce a record. This record allows a farmer by means of an appropriate vehicle to move to the various zones of arable land, and to apply the appropriate amounts of corresponding formulations made in accordance with the assignments.

In the dissertation by Carina Ritter (Evaluation of weed populations under the influence of site-specific weed control to derive decision rules for a sustainable weed management, Institute of Phytomedicine, Weed Science Department, University of Hohenheim, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. R. Gerhards, 2008) describes how a digital distribution map of weeds (Galium aparine L. and Alopecurus myosuriodes HUDS) is generated and controlled on the basis of this map herbicide using a DGPS (DGPS = differential GPS) Sprühautomaten was applied site-specific , Thereby partially weed thresholds were considered. In each case, initially generates the digital weed distribution maps for several years and then a treatment with herbicides has been made based on the map, wherein once a herbicide formulation was applied site-specific in each year (see especially Table 1 in Section 2.2.2 and table 6 in section 3.2.3). It has been observed that in some fields weed patches occurred which have remained for several years.

Starting from the prior art described above raises a specialist technical task of combating pests effectively and efficiently, with the use of pesticides to a reasonable and cost-effective measure is to restrict, and to reduce the risk of development of resistance against the used pesticides , Furthermore, it is important to prevent the formation of stable nests of pests.

This object is achieved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent claims and in the following description.

A first object of the present invention is a method for controlling harmful organisms in a field to be cultivated with crops, which is characterized by the following steps:

(A) generating a digital Schadorganismen- distribution map are recorded on the partial areas on the field in which the harmful organisms have been detected;

(B) generating a digital application map on the basis of the digital weed distribution card, wherein those partial areas of the field are recorded on the digital application card on which one or more control agents against the harmful organisms are to be applied, wherein for each of these sub-areas is a number N of treatments is listed with one or more pesticides, where N is greater than 1;

(C) applying one or more control agents against the harmful organisms according to the digital application map of step (B), wherein the number is decreased for the treated surface portions due to the treatment by 1 N;

(D) repeating step (C) for each sub-area to N has reached the value zero.

Another object of the present invention is a digital application map, are stored on the sub-areas of a field for crop plants, which are to be treated with one or more pesticides against harmful organisms, wherein for each of these sub-areas is an integer N is recorded, which indicates how many times the partial surface to be treated with one or more pesticides to the pests, where N is greater than the first

Another object of the present invention is a system for controlling harmful organisms, comprising:

(A), to be treated with one or more pesticides to the pests a digital application map on which those partial areas of a field are recorded;

(B) a position determining system;

(C) an application device comprising at least one container for receiving at least one control agent against the harmful organisms,

- a spray device for applying the at least one control agent, and

- a control unit comprising in a working memory for reading of the digital application map, means for communication with the positioning system and means for controlling the spraying apparatus, characterized in that is recorded on the digital application map for each sub-area, a number N which indicates how many times a treatment of the surface portion to be made with the control means, where N is greater than 1, and wherein the control unit is configured so that the number N is decreased by a treatment carried out by one.

Another object of the present invention

the use of a digital map application, are recorded on the partial areas of a field for crop plants, for whom treatment with one or more pesticides to take place against harmful organisms,

for application of one or more control agents against the harmful organisms, characterized in that a number N is recorded on the digital application map for each of the partial surfaces, which indicates how many times a treatment of the surface portion to be made with one or more pesticides, where N is greater than is 1, and wherein the number N is decreased after a successful treatment of the surface portion by one.

The invention is explained in more detail below without distinguishing between the invention objects (methods, application card system, use). The following explanations should rather apply to all objects of the invention in an analogous manner, regardless of the context in which (method, application card system, use) they are made.

The term "harmful organism" an organism is to be understood below, the contact in the cultivation of crops in appearance and harming the crop adversely affect the harvest of the crop plant or can compete for natural resources with the cultivated plant. Examples of such harmful organisms are weeds, grass weeds, animal pests such as beetles, caterpillars and worms, fungi and pathogens (eg bacteria and viruses). Although viruses do not count from a biological perspective to the organisms, they are still present covered by the term pest between said harmful organisms are available in the literature. sometimes overlays. Especially with fungal infection is often synonymous spoken of fungus and disease. another overlay results, for example, when an animal pest transmits a virus In such a case, both the pest and the virus as harmful organisms be able to. seek and be fought with appropriate pesticides. However, such overlays are irrelevant to the present invention. From the perspective of the present invention, a negative effect in the cultivation of a crop plant is observed in the field that occurs in the form of nests. It is necessary to eliminate this effect with suitable pesticides, the amount should be limited to an inserted control agents to a reasonable and economical level.

The term "reduction" is the prevention of the spread or reducing the amount of existing harmful organisms referred to. In the case of the weeds / grass weeds, the term "amount" for example, the biomass is in the form of weeds / grass weeds. but also the amount of crop plants can the term "lot" especially in a disease to be understood that already has the disease symptoms.

The application of a control agent on a part surface is referred to herein as "treatment", a "treated surface portion" is a part of surface on which one or more pesticides have been applied.

carried out the control of a pest by applying one or more control means. For the individual pests exists a variety of pesticides, such as herbicides (against weeds and / or weeds), pesticides (against animal pests) and fungicides (antifungal).

For example, the control of a weed or Ungrases by the application with one or more herbicides occurs.

According to the invention a controlling pests in a field by multiple application of a control agent to the sites where the pests have been detected at least once and is provided at which to expect the formation of stable nests.

The term "crop" refers to a plant that is grown by the intervention of people targeted as useful or ornamental plant.

By the term "field" is a spatially demarcated region of the earth's surface understood, which is used for agricultural purposes by planted on such a field crop plants with nutrients and be harvested.

The term "nest" is a partial area of ​​a field understood on which a specific pest is repeatedly observed The following comments are concerned mainly with weeds and weed grasses to be harmful;. But they are to apply analogously for all sorts of harmful organisms, the invention is. therefore, not limited to weeds and grass weeds to be harmful, even if it is preferably used for controlling weeds and / or grass weeds by herbicides.

The term "weed" (plural: weeds). Plants spontaneous accompanying vegetation (Segetalflora) are meant in crops of cultivated plants, grassland or garden plants which are there not specifically cultivated or to the development of, for example, from the seed potential of the soil or via Zuflug The term not limited to herbs in the true sense, but also includes grasses, ferns, mosses or woody plants.

In the field of plant protection, the term "weed" is often (plural: weeds) used to illustrate the distinction with herbaceous plants in the present text, the term weed used as a generic term to grasp the concept weed with, either. because, reference is made to specific weeds or grass weeds.

Weed grasses and weeds in the sense of the present invention are therefore plants which occur during the cultivation of a desired crop plant as the accompaniment. As they compete with the crop for resources, they are undesirable and should therefore be fought.

The invention is preferably used for such harmful organisms to the same sub-areas of a field are known for constantly stable or recurrent nests (North Meyer H. 2006. Patchy weed distribution and site-specific weed control in winter cereals. Precision Agric 7, 219-231) , The nests are usually observed over a growing season of the crop out. An example of a particularly preferred application provides the Alopecurus myosuroides (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) is having a seed dispersal close to the mother plant (Wilson BJ, Brain P. 1991. Long-term stability of distribution of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Within cereal fields. Weed Res 31, 367-373). Here, the weed patches are stable or recurrent; However, it can also get worse. More preferred examples are Orobranche crenata Forsk in faba bean (Oveisi M, Yousefi AR, Gonzalez-Andajur JL Spatial distribution and temporal stability of crenate broomrape (Orobranche crenata Forsk) in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). A long-term study at two localities. Crop Protection 29, 2010, 717-720), Galium aparine, V. arvensis Murr., C. album L., Polygonum aviculare L. (s. Overview in Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Weed Populations. in "Precision Crop protection -... the challenge and se of Heterogeneity Eds .: Oerke, EC, Gerhards R, G Menz, Sikora RA Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-90-481-9276-2 Heidelberg, pp 17-25).

Furthermore, the invention can be applied to all diseases and animal pests that have spatially stable pattern. One example is the attack by nematodes (Campos-Herrera R., Johnson EG, EL-Borai FE, Stuart RJ, Graham JH ,. Duncan LW 2011. Long-term stability of entomopathogenic nematode spatial patterns in soil as Measured by sentinel insects and real-time PCR assays, Ann Appl Biol 158: 55-68; Godefroid M., DelaVille L., Marie-Luce S., Queneherve P. 2013. Spatial stability of a plant-feeding nematode community in relation to macro-scale soil . properties Soil Biology & Biochemistry 57: 173-181; BV Ortiz, C. Perry, P. Goovaerts, G. Vellidis, and D. Sullivane Geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability and risk areas of southern root-knot nematodes in relation to. .. soil properties Geoderma 2010 May; 156 (3-4): 243- 252).

A "spatially stable pattern" refers to an observable or measurable repeated spatial distribution or arrangement of nests in a field. Further, a spatially stable pattern of diseases and pests on i) may be the cause of a disease or pest infestation, ii) on the disease or the pests themselves and iii) refer to an expression characteristic of a disease or a pest infestation. for example, a pest W transmit a virus X, which leads to a disease Y with the symptom Z. It is conceivable that W, X, Y and / or Z are measurable and each form a stable pattern.

In particular, these patterns may be caused by an interaction of the development cycle of the pathogen or pest with other abiotic factors. The invention therefore also be applied to regions in the field, which have a generally higher disease or pest pressure by their nature. Examples of such quality factors are position or exposure, wells, soil or edge of the field condition (eg hedges).

As an example, Septoria leaf blotch be mentioned that results in favorable conditions for infection by fungal spores of Septoria tritici. These favorable conditions can now be provided by a higher humidity or by a lower air exchange due to exposure, local wells and / or soil type.

An example of a threat, may occur in the recurring pattern, the coal is pod midge (Dasineura brassicae) in oilseed rape. Due to the low Flugbereitschaft the distance to Winter host is essential for an infestation. A recurring pattern emerges here by the position of the field relative to the winter host as well as to the field with rapeseed cultivation last year.

Another example is the excitation, the infestation pressure is determined by the rate of degradation of plant residues in the soil. Stable nests can be caused by local differences in the ground here.

In a first step of the inventive method a digital Schadorganismen- distribution map is created. Partial areas of the field are listed on this card, where the pests have been detected.

The term "digital" means that the map of a machine, usually a computer system can be processed. The term "processing" means the known methods for electronic data processing (EDP). Methods for generating digital maps showing locations, and where weeds and / or grass weeds have occurred, are described for example in the thesis by Carina Ritter: Evaluation of weed populations under the influence of site-specific weed control to derive decision rulesfor a sustainable weed management, Institute of Phytomedicine, Weed Science Department, University of Hohenheim, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. R. Gerhards, 2008 (see especially Section 1.1.5).

The methods described in GB2447681A, US 6,199,000, US 2009 / 0132132A1 and WO00 / 23937 for the production of digital weed distribution maps can be applied here.

In the generation of the digital Schadorganismen- distribution map, the field is checked for harmful organisms. This screening can be done by one (or more) people or purely mechanically. It is also conceivable a machine-based screening by one (or more) people. the search for harmful organisms by a positioning system is preferred supported. This means that a person or a machine or moved on the field and the respective position of the person or machine using the position determining system will be automatically detected and stored. Suitable positioning systems often are summarized under the term GPS (Global Positioning System).

Discovered the human or the machine has a harmful organism in one place, it is stored on the digital map, that an organism has been found at the location.

Besides the fact that a pest has been found in a particular place, more information on the digital map can be saved, such as the type of harmful organism found, the amount, the development's stage and other information.

For the automated detection of organisms harmful to the organism can be received and by means of a photographic apparatus as a digital image then the image recognition methods to be supplied.

The mechanical scanning of the field by harmful organisms, for example, with a vehicle or an unmanned flying object (drone) take place. The use of satellite images of the field to detect harmful organisms is conceivable.

In order to enable the site-specific application of various formulations, weeds / grass weeds are identified or detected in groups of weeds and / or grass weeds regarding suitable or effective formulations in the weed distribution skarte preferably as mono- and dicotyledons.

When generating the Schadorganismen- distribution map should be noted that not always necessarily the pests themselves are observed, but their impact eg on the crop. However, this is irrelevant to the present invention. The step (A) of the process according to the invention is therefore to be understood that positions are detected in the field and recorded on the digital distribution map, which indicate the presence of a harmful organism. The harmful organism is thus detected directly or indirectly (as a result of its impact on the environment).

The result of step (A) is a machine-readable card, are stored on the positions at which harmful organisms or their effects have been found.

In a subsequent step, a digital application map is generated based on the digital Schadorganismen- distribution map.

The digital application card is machine readable and indicates in which sub-areas of the field, an application of one or more pesticides should take place.

In the digital application card, it may be a so-called on / off card. It is conceivable, for example, that wherever a harmful organism is recorded on the digital Schadorganismen- distribution map, listed on the corresponding application card, that one or more pesticides should there be applied while wherever on the Schadorganismen- distribution map no harmful organism listed is recorded on the digital map application that there is no control agents to be applied.

Such ON / OFF card is as useful when the detection method for finding harmful organisms in step (A) of the inventive method is not particularly sensitive, but harmful organisms only discovered when they are already present in an amount at which a is damage threshold already reached or even exceeded.

If the detection method, however, very sensitive, the application of a control agent is added to the digital application card preferably only then, is reached when a predefined threshold value at the corresponding location or exceeded. For this it is necessary that on the digital map distribution Schadorganismen- the (approximate) volume of the respectively existing organism (or the amount of crop infested) is detected. On the digital application card a planned control agent application can be found then only at those places where the threshold has been reached to existing pest or exceeded. At all other places the threshold is exceeded; accordingly, no pesticides application is provided, and on the application card no planned application is recorded.

"Damage threshold" is a term from the agriculture, forestry and horticulture. It indicates the infestation density with pests, diseases or stocking with weeds, from which a fight is economically viable Up to this value the economic overhead is by fighting. greater than the crop to be feared failure. infestation or weed infestation exceeds this value, the control costs are offset by the expected increase in yield at least.

Depending on the nature of a pest or disease damage threshold can be very different. When pests or diseases are to be controlled only with great effort and with negative side effects for further production, the damage threshold can be very high. May, however, even a small infestation to spread stove are that threatens to destroy the entire production, the damage threshold can be very low.

In the prior art many examples to determine economic thresholds find (see eg Claus M. Brodersen: Information in damage threshold models, reports of the GIL, Volume 7, pages 26 to 36, http://www.gil-net.de/Publikationen/ 7_26.pdf).

In a preferred embodiment, a flow for creating the digital map application information about factors that cause the occurrence of the pest or facilitate its spread. It is conceivable that the application card contains quantitative data about to be applied pesticides formulation. The type of control agent or the type of formulation may be stored on digital application card.

The digital application map is created at the first detection of a harmful organism at a specific position and the number N of applications for this organism at that position fixed. The number N of applications depends on the type of the detected harmful organism. The number of applications is at least two; preferably it is two, three, four or five, and is also stored on the application card for each affected sub-area.

In a preferred embodiment, the digital Schadorganismen- distribution map for a field within the time period in which to take place multiple application of a control agent according to the digital application card, re-created and expanded the digital application card to newly found nests. there are sub-areas in which the digital application card even worked to end the application of a control agent is recorded (N> 0) remain, although currently no more harmful organism is detected. If it has been so fixed for a partial area on the digital application card that there several times (N-up) a controlling agent is to be applied, the number has not yet reached to be carried out applications in reality, the information that (still) remains on these patches to be applied, are made, even if no more harmful organism was detected at the corresponding location.

A multiple application does not necessarily mean that the same wording must be used multiple times. It is conceivable spray different formulation ( "Mode of Action) to use and to vary the formulation / combination of pesticides from application to application. The formulation may also be changed accordingly in subsequent years upon detection of another organism on the same partial surface of a field. In particular, this can lead to partial areas of a field with a harmful organism, each with a formulation common part surfaces with a plurality of harmful organisms are treated with a further formulation.

This is explained by the following examples in which two weeds (weed weed 1 and 2) occur on the same partial surface of a field.

Example 1: 1 weeds and weed 2 are sensitive to herbicide 1 -> 1 herbicide is applied.

Example 2: 1 weed is sensitive to herbicide 1 and 2 weed is sensitive to herbicide 2, and it is not aware of any applicable herbicide be applied to both weeds 1 and 2 against weeds wirkt-> herbicide and herbicide 1 second

Example 3: weeds 1 is sensitive to herbicide 1 and weeds 2 is sensitive to herbicide 2, and it is a usable herbicide 3 known that with against weeds 1 and weeds 2 wirkt-> Either herbicide 3 alone or herbicide 1 in combination herbicide 2 are applied.

For example, the following control agents are used in the control of blackgrass Ungrases: in the autumn application from stage BBCH 11 Sulfonylmischung consisting of the active ingredients and mesosulfuron Iodusulforon (preferably plus safener) is used. At change of ingredients propoxycarbazone or Pyroxsulam and florasulam then be used. in the spring when the weed repeats the injury level exceeds, then treatment with, for example, the active substances mesosulfuron and Iodusulforon (plus safener) is also carried out in the spring. In addition to the group of the ALS inhibitors, it is also another active group of ACCase inhibitors with the so-called FOPS. The nature of the active substance and the application rate depend on the type of weed or Ungrases, the number of plants per m ^2, or biomass of the weeds or Ungrases and the degree of resistance from.

It is also conceivable that the digital application map contains commands for an application device for a control agent formulations. This means that the digital map application or parts thereof may be loaded into a working memory of an application device, where the commands are transmitted to a spray device.

Under an application device, a mechanical apparatus is meant for applying a control agent formulation in a field. usually such application device comprises at least one container for receiving at least one control agent formulation with which the control agent formulation is delivered in the field a spray device, and a control device with which the promotion of at least one Bekämpfungsmittel- formulation from its container in direction of spray is controlled. The digital map application is accordingly preferably stored in the memory of the control unit. The control unit is further preferably in a positioning system in connection which determines the position of the application device in the field. Preferably, the controller sets the application process then started when is recorded on the digital map application that an application to be made in one place and if the positioning system signals that the application device is currently located at this location.

In a next step of the method the application is carried out one or more control means against the step (A) identified harmful organisms using the digital application map.

In one embodiment, a person (user) a mobile telephone (smartphone) includes a GPS receiver loads the digital-application card into a mobile computer system, eg. As the user walks across the field, it indicates to the mobile computer system using a graphical illustration of the field where it is located and in each case the points at which he manually or several spray control means (apply) is intended. He then sprayed manually to the locations where the application card contains a hint. If the user applied a control agent at a site, it is conceivable that transmits a response message on the application process performed by a corresponding sensor to the mobile computer system and the application process was performed is stored. It is also conceivable that the application process was carried out is displayed on the mobile computer system so that the user can see at which points he has already applied. Further, it is conceivable that the collected data on the mobile computer system to be transmitted immediately or at a later time to a stationary computer system (eg, a server) and stored there. In any case, the application was made is recorded for each patch in the way in the digital application card that the number N of the active end to (still) applications (treatments) is reduced by one.

It is also conceivable that a person traveling with a vehicle on the field, the respective position of the vehicle is detected by GPS receiver, and commands are transmitted to a spray device on the vehicle on the basis of the digital application map, when the vehicle is at a location on according to the application card is the field, an application of one or more control agent is to take place, whereupon the corresponding application is automatic.

It is also conceivable that the application of one or more control agent is fully automatic: an unmanned machine moves GPS-supported over the field and applied at the sites on the field at which a corresponding application is provided in the digital application map. Again, the application was made is recorded in the digital application card: for the treated patches, the number N is decreased by one.

The control of organisms harmful to corresponding pesticides on chemical and / or biological base may be supplemented by physical / mechanical control methods.

Among physical removal (or mechanical removal) is understood that, for example, the weeds / weed is completely removed as a harmful organism either, or portions thereof are removed, so that the weeds / weed is no longer viable and dies. In contrast to the control of the weeds / Ungrases with a herbicide, which can be referred to as chemical control is applied not chemical or biological agents in the physical / mechanical control. Therefore, the physical / mechanical fighting exerts no selective pressure on weeds / grass weeds, but is often more complex and more expensive than the application of herbicides.

Under a physical / mechanical control also, for example, a watering is to be understood with the example weeds are desired brought to emergence, to then selectively eliminate. a flaming of harmful organisms should also be understood as a physical / mechanical control.

For example it is conceivable to use chemical and physical processes alternately.

It is also conceivable that a part of a surface chemically, another part is physically treated.

It is also conceivable a combined version in one operation, for example when the use of chemicals is limited due to legal Reglungen or a combination of harmful organisms present in a combined control with mechanical and chemical means has the best chance of success. The combined use of physical and chemical methods may also be useful if the combination exerts a synergistic effect.

In a preferred embodiment, occurs at the locations of the field, in which not a threshold value of a pest has been exceeded, but to which a pest has been detected, a physical removal of the harmful organism.

The application of one or more control agent based on the digital map application will take a certain time. This time, for example, depends on the size of the field, the number of digits in the field, where an application is to take place, the size of these bodies and the amount of pesticides that may cause an application device with him (possibly, the amount of pesticides that can lead an application device with him, not sufficient to supply all the sites that are listed on the application card, crop spraying, so that the application device needs to be refilled once or several times, which takes time).

By "processing of the application card" the process is meant in which all points in the field, can be found for in the digital application map that one or more control agent to be administered have been visited by an application device and the corresponding application has been made.

If the application card for the first time after it was created, processed, this process is referred to herein as "first applying".

In general, the processing of the digital map application will take less than a day depending on the size of the field to 2 weeks. The time duration of the first working off thus occurs within a first period of time.

The invention is characterized in that the digital map application is executed at least a second time. The listed on the application card nests so that multiple (eg, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold or 5-fold) sprayed with a control agent. It is thus effected after step (C) of the inventive method, a step (D), are sprayed at the same places on the map application within a second period of time again (second execution of the application card).

It is conceivable that the same application card is processed within a third time period a third time. It is conceivable that the same application card is processed within a fourth time for a fourth time.

Another repeated execution is conceivable, but each taking place on the third execution further execution is less likely.

can be summarized under the point of the steps (C) and (D), therefore: multiple applying in step (B) digital application map generated in such a manner that where a damage threshold of one or more pests are exceeded in the surface portions of the field, several times (N times) one or more pesticides are applied (even if no organism is detected at the time of application). As described above, the prescription can be extended at any time by newly detected nests are added. Between the first processing of the application card within the first time period (step (C)) and the second processing of the application card within the second time period (step (D)) is a period in which there is no application of a control agent. This time period is at least one day, preferably at least a week, even more preferably least a month. If the prescription processed in a third period for a third time, then there is between the second period and the third period again for a period of at least one day, preferably, more preferably where no application is made at least one week at least one month.

The same applies for each additional processing of the application card.

The time interval between two treatments of a partial surface is largely determined by when to expect a recurrence of harmful organisms. A partial surface is thus preferably only then treated a second time, when it is expected to re-occurrence of harmful organisms, particularly preferably before a re-infection of the surface portion from spreading to the harmful organisms to other partial surfaces.

The multiple (at least two times) of execution of the application Klarte preferably takes place via the current growing season and / or subsequent growing years, in each case within the time period of the Vorauflaufphase until the end of the growing season of the crop plant that is grown in the field.

Under "Vorauflaufphase" means the period from the day after harvest of the previous crop until the last day will be considered before the rising of the culture here.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the time interval between two applications is the duration of the vegetation period of the cultivated crop plant (plus / minus 1 day to 8 weeks).

Preferably, each year is created in the agricultural field an advanced digital Schadorganismen- distribution map, on the one hand to check the inventory of harmful organisms, and secondly to adapt the digital application card by optionally adding new services being places where a damage threshold exceeded has to be included.

The invention results in particular in the effective control of, for example weeds / grass weeds in lower development of resistance:

• The pressure resistance of a field with site specific application as a whole is lower than in an area without site-specific application, as it is only a part of the area of ​​the field is subjected to the selection pressure.

• Due to the discharge of the same quantity or concentration of a herbicide on a partial surface as well as in non-site specific application, so-called multi drug resistance gene that would otherwise build up quantitatively upon repeated injections with low doses is avoided. This corresponds to the, good agricultural practice '.

• By repeated application of the prescription map the survival of individuals weeds / grass weeds likely on the identified patches of weed identification card. An annual production of card verifying this fact and thus acts of resistance on untreated faces opposed.

• The use of different herbicides increases the success of treatment, thereby reducing the development of resistance to a particular pesticide.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are particularly:

1. A method for controlling weeds and / or weeds are grown in a field, on which crop plants, comprising the steps of:

(A) generating a digital distribution weed map, are stored on the places in the field where the weeds and / or the weeds have been detected;

(B) generating a digital application map on the basis of the digital weed distribution map, with those of locations on the field on the digital application map at which a damage threshold of one or more weeds and / or grass weeds has been exceeded and in which one or more herbicides to be applied against the weeds and / or grass weeds;

(C) a first applying one or more herbicides against weeds and / or grass weeds using the digital application map of step (B);

(D) at least one further applying one or more herbicides against weeds and / or grass weeds using the digital application map of step (B).

2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the number of administrations of one or more herbicides based on the digital application map of step (B) is two, three or four.

3. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 or 2, characterized in that after an application of one or more herbicides again a digital weed distribution map according to step (A) is generated and in step (B) in the existing digital application map, those areas will be complemented in which distribution card in the new digital weed damage thresholds or more weeds and / or weeds are an exceeded.

4. The method according to any one of embodiments 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least in a part of the areas of the field where weeds are indeed weeds and / or detected, but in which no damage threshold has been exceeded, a mechanical effected removal of weeds and / or weeds or parts thereof.

5. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, characterized in that in the digital application map for each location in which reaches a damage threshold of a weed / Ungrases or been exceeded is, a number for the multiple applications of one or more herbicides listed where the number is reduced by one for each completed application until all planned applications have been made and the places to be removed from the application card.

6. A system for controlling weeds and / or grass weeds comprising:

(A) a digital distribution weed map, are grown on the places on a field, on which crop plants are listed, where weeds and / or the weeds have been detected;

(B) a digital application map on which those locations are recorded on the field at which a damage threshold in the detected weeds and / or grass weeds has been exceeded;

(C) a position determining system;

(D) an application device, comprising

- at least one container for receiving at least one herbicide formulation

- a spray device for applying the herbicide formulation, and

- a control unit with a memory for reading the digital

Application card, a connection to the positioning system and means for controlling the sprayer.

7. The system according to embodiment 6, characterized in that the control unit controls the application of at least one herbicide formulation by means of the spray device starts when the positioning system signals that the application device is at a location where, according to the digital application map the application which is at least provided a herbicidal formulation.

8. The system according to any one of embodiments 6 or 7, characterized in that in the digital application map for each location in which reaches a damage threshold of a weed / Ungrases or been exceeded is, can be found a value for the multiple applications of one or more herbicides , with the number indicating how have to be made many applications on the site yet.

9. A use of a digital map application, are found on the locations in a field to which a damage threshold of one or more weeds and / or grass weeds has been exceeded,

for repeated application of one or more herbicides against weeds and / or weeds, characterized in that for each location, for a damage threshold of a weed / Ungrases has been exceeded, in the application card, a plurality registered at applications, where the number at each application made around one is reduced.

The invention will now be described by way of example.

Fig. 1 shows various representations of a field at different times ti to t6. The representations of the array are shown as a rectangle. The top, labeled Ul line is a weed distribution map for the weeds Ul. The mean, labeled U2 line is a weed distribution map for the weeds U2. The bottom labeled A row is an application card for two different herbicides HI and H2.

Time is divided into six snapshots ti te up. Time marches here in columns from left to right on.

In the first column, therefore, the field is shown at a first time, in the second column at a later second time, and so forth. The time periods that lie between two columns, for example the duration of a growing season may (typically one year) of the crop plant that is grown in the field, respectively. It may also be the growing season of a weed / Ungrases itself. In general, the application of one or more herbicides has in the period which is located between two successive columns taken place - this is shown in the lower line A - unless it were over several periods of time no weeds detected (last column).

In the top row is shown, where to the weeds Ul has been detected in the field at the instants ti te.

(T) The UI fields Ul (t2), Ul (^), Ul (t4), Ul (t5) and Ul (t <>) thus represent weed distribution maps in terms of weed Ul. In analogous manner, the fields U2 represent (ii), U2 (i2), U2 (t3), V2 (t4), U2 (i5) and U2 (ii) weed distribution map with respect to weeds U2. The distributions of the weeds 1 and 2 could be combined in a single distribution map, they are here, however, shown separately.

At time t a weed Ul was identified in the field; the weeds Ul was in the form of a circular area (= surface portion) (see Ul (t)).

At the same time ti was in the field no weeds U2 (see U2 (t)).

(T) from the weed distribution maps Ul and U2 (t) is an application card A (t) created. only information and instructions with respect to the weeds Ul, since only the weeds Ul has been detected in the field, the application card A contains (t). In the application card A (t) is a circular area with a hatching marks, wherein in Ul (t) the weeds Ul has been detected. In this area, the herbicide St. is to be applied. The number 3 on the shaded area indicates that these sub-surface total of three times (N = 3) to be treated with the herbicide St.

At a later time after the application of the herbicide Hl can be seen in Ul (t2), that the weeds Ul is obviously no longer to be found in the previous circular area; obviously the application of the herbicide St. was successful. However, a sickle-shaped region has instead been formed next to the preceding circular region has been detected in the weed Ul. The weeds Ul has thus shifted to the field to the right.

In addition, a weed U2 has occurred (see U2 (i2)). From these findings, the application card A (t2) results. First of all, in A (t2) shown that the herbicide Hl should continue to be applied in the circular portion, wherein, in Ul (i) the weeds Ul has been detected, been even if it no longer detected in Ul (t2) is. This is precisely the essence of the present invention: the application card A (ti) is repeatedly applied / executed. The number 2 on the shaded area indicates that this partial area twice (N = 3 l = 2) to be treated with the herbicide Hl.

The application card A (ti) is based on the findings in Ul (t2) and U2 (i2) to A (t2) has been extended. Now that a sickle-shaped region of weed Ul has been detected in Ul (t2), the hatched region in A (t2) is extended accordingly. The number 3 on the extended shaded region indicates that this extended area three times (N = 3) to be treated with the herbicide St.

Additionally, in A (t2) is specified, that herbicide H2 in the region (a corrugated area) is to be applied, has been detected in the in U2 (i2) Weed U2. The number 4 below the corrugated portion indicates that this partial area four times (N = 4) to be treated with the herbicide H2.

In Ul (i ^) is shown that the region has shifted with weeds Ul further to the right. In XJ2 (t3) the weeds U2 has completely disappeared. A (t3) representing the Ul to (i ^) and XJ2 (t3) corresponding application card. In the circular range of A (ti) will also according to A (t3) is further applied herbicide Hl, namely once again (N = l). Also, in the crescent-shaped region which is added in A (t2) for circular region should continue herbicide Hl be applied, namely twice (N = 2). In addition to applied in the range herbicide Hl, which is newly occurred in Ul (i ^), namely a total of three times (N = 3).

According to A (t3) and herbicide H2 is to be applied a second time, namely in the same range as in A (t2). There have been added no new areas with weeds U2 XJ2 (t3).

In Ul (i4) is shown that after the application in accordance with A (t3) no weeds Ul is longer detected in the field. In XJ2 (t4) it is shown that after the application in accordance with A (t3) no weeds U2 is longer detected in the field. Nevertheless, the herbicides HI and H2 are applied in accordance with A (t4). In the circular portion of A (t) no herbicide Hl is applied for the first time more (N = 0) in A (t4). In this area three times herbicide St. was applied - this application number is sufficient to eliminate the nest permanently.

In the crescent-shaped areas in A (t2), and A (t ^) were added to the circular portion, a second time is to be applied; in the case of which occurred first crescent-shaped area (see Ul (t2)) once again (N = l), in the case of subsequently encountered sickle-shaped region (see Ul (ta)) twice more (N = 2). The range of U2 (t2) is in A (t ^) to be treated twice (N = 2) with herbicide H2.

In Ul (t5) and U2 (t5) no weed is still detected. It should nevertheless A (t5) herbicide Hl and herbicide H2 are applied further in accordance with: a last time (N = l) in the range of Ul (ta) with herbicide Hl and a last (N = l) times in the range of U2 (i2) with herbicide H2.

Ul (IOE) and U2 (ta) indicates that still no weed is detected. According A (t6) no application of a herbicide is required.

It should be noted that was discussed in this example does not explicitly on the economic thresholds of weeds and weed Ul U2. In this example, could be assumed for example, that whenever weed or weeds Ul U2 has been detected in the field, the economic thresholds have been exceeded.