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    • 22. 发明公开
    • SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MODIFYING ICE ADHESION STRENGTH
    • 系统和方法,用于改变ICE的附着力
    • EP1124721A4
    • 2002-03-20
    • EP99956694
    • 1999-10-26
    • DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
    • PETRENKO VICTOR
    • G01N33/00B60S1/02B64D15/00B64D15/12E01C11/26E01D19/00F25C5/02G01N27/04H05B3/56H05B3/84
    • B82Y30/00B64D15/00B64D15/12E01C11/265E01D19/00H05B3/56H05B3/84H05B2214/02
    • The invention includes system for modifying ice adhesion strength of ice adhered to an object. The system includes an electrode that is electrically insulated from the object and a DC source, e.g., a battery, coupled to the object and the electrode. The source generates a DC bias to an interface between the ice and the object when the ice completes the circuit. The object is conductive or is doped as a semiconductor so that the DC bias applies a voltage to the interface which modifies the ice adhesion strength selectively as compared to the ice adhesion strength with substantially zero bias voltage at the interface. The strength can be increased or decreased relative to its static state (i.e., the state without applied voltage). In this manner, ice such as ice on an aircraft wing can be removed with less work. The system preferably includes an electrically insulating material disposed between the object and the electrode; the insulating material is substantially conformal to the object and the electrode. In most applications, the electrode includes a grid electrode shaped to conform to a surface of the object and each point of the grid electrode is in electrical contact with the source. Accordingly, a grid insulator is generally disposed between the object and the grid electrode. The invention of one embodiment incorporates porous materials to selectively dope the ice on a surface; and the invention of another embodiment incorporates self assembling monolayers to reduce the strength of hydrogen bonding between ice and metals. In one embodiment, the invention provides for coating a power line that changes properties with temperature such that the coating melts snow in freezing conditions.
    • 23. 发明公开
    • Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de transmission d'efforts pour ouvrages de génie civil
    • Vorrichtung zurKraftübertragung在Bauwerken
    • EP0694652A1
    • 1996-01-31
    • EP95401771.1
    • 1995-07-26
    • FREYSSINET INTERNATIONAL (STUP)
    • De la Fuente, Carlos
    • E01D19/00E04H9/02
    • E01D19/00E04H9/021E04H2009/026
    • L'invention concerne un dispositif de transmission d'efforts comportant une barre (4) fixée à une partie (1) d'un ouvrage de génie civil, un bloc d'ancrage (8) fixé à une autre partie de l'ouvrage et présentant un passage central bitronconique traversé par la barre, un mors tronconique d'ancrage (9, 10) disposé à chaque extrémité du passage central pour pouvoir ancrer la barre respectivement dans deux sens opposés, un équipage axialement flottant constitué par deux butées ajourées (15, 16) disposées de part et d'autre du bloc et par des pots cylindriques (20) entourant la barre et reliant les butées, et des tiges (18) solidaires de pistons (19) qui coulissent dans ces pots avec interposition d'un matériau incompressible lentment déformable, lesdites tiges étant solidarisées avec la barre par un palonnier (21).
    • 直的刚性杆(4)在固定到第二部件(2)的第一构造部件(1)和刚性连接器(5)之间延伸。 连接器包括具有中心孔的锚固块(7,8),杆通过该中心孔,该孔形成为具有锥形的端部(7a,8a),该端部接收锥形的锚定爪(9,10)。 一对止挡板(15,16)固定到锚块的任一端,使得杆自由地通过其中心孔。 锚块和止挡板相对于夹爪形成轴向移动的组件。 锚块组件的内端固定到减震组件的气缸(20)或活塞(19)部分。