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51. 发明授权

US06298327B1 Expert support system for authoring invention disclosures 失效
标题翻译：创作发明专利支持系统
公开(公告)号：US06298327B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-02
申请号：US08401141
申请日：1995-03-08
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： G06F15700
CPC分类号： G06Q10/10 , G06F17/243
摘要： A computer-implemented expert support system for authoring invention disclosures and for evaluating the probable patentability and marketability of a disclosed invention. The system comprises at least a computer, an input device, an output device, and software program. The software program is developed whith an object-oriented design process and is implemented in an object-oriented computer language such as C++. The system facilitates communication of invention characteristics and enables output of invention disclosures in a plurality of formats, including that of a patent application.
摘要翻译：一种用于创作发明披露和评估所公开发明的可能的可专利性和可销售性的计算机实施的专家支持系统。该系统至少包括计算机，输入设备，输出设备和软件程序。该软件程序是以面向对象的设计过程开发的，并以面向对象的计算机语言（如C ++）来实现。该系统促进了发明特征的通信，并且能够以包括专利申请的多种格式输出本发明的公开内容。

52. 发明授权

US06251657B1 Anaerobic biodegradation of unsaturated, saturated, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：不饱和，饱和，芳香和卤代烃的厌氧生物降解
公开(公告)号：US06251657B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09312014
申请日：1999-05-14
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow , Macgregor L. Fogelsong
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow , Macgregor L. Fogelsong
IPC分类号： C12N112
CPC分类号： C02F9/00 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C02F11/04 , C02F2103/36 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/023 , C12R1/01 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S210/903 , Y10S210/909
摘要： An apparatus and method for anaerobic biodegradation, bioremediation or bioprocessing of hydrocarbons dissolved in an aqueous matrix, such as wastewater, groundwater, or slurry. Dissolved alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons), alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons), aromatic hydrocarbons and/or halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized or cometabolized. In one form, the invention involves introducing an aqueous stream comprising at least one dissolved aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, or p-cresol) and a dissolved oxide of nitrogen [such as nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O)] to a reactor, and operating said reactor under conditions that support denitrification of the aromatic hydrocarbon. Alternatively, the aqueous stream may comprise at least one alkane (such as ethane) and/or at least one alkene (such as ethene or ethylene) and biodegradation of these compounds is accomplished. In a preferred form, the aqueous stream also comprises at least one dissolved halogenated hydrocarbon (such as tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, or 1,1,1-trichloroethane) and dehalogenation of the halogenated hydrocarbon is accomplished. The reactor may be a continuous stirred tank reactor, a batch (or sequencing batch) reactor, a plug-flow reactor, a fixed-film reactor, or a pore space in an underground aquifer in situ. The reactor is operated in such a way that molecular oxygen is excluded from the space or zone in which the biodegradation is occurring and the other requirements of denitrifying bacteria are met. In some implementations, kinetic control (control of mean cell residence time) is used to enrich a denitrifying culture in the reactor.
摘要翻译：用于厌氧生物降解，生物修复或溶解在含水基质如废水，地下水或浆液中的烃的生物处理的装置和方法。溶解的烷烃（饱和烃），烯烃（不饱和烃），芳烃和/或卤代烃被代谢或代谢。在一种形式中，本发明涉及引入包含至少一种溶解的芳族烃（例如苯，甲苯，乙苯，邻二甲苯，间二甲苯，对二甲苯，苯酚，邻甲酚，间甲酚或对甲酚）和氮的溶解氧化物（例如硝酸盐（NO 3 - ），亚硝酸盐（NO 2 - ），一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化二氮（N 2 O）]），并在支持反硝化的条件下操作所述反应器的芳烃。或者，水流可以包含至少一种烷烃（例如乙烷）和/或至少一种烯烃（例如乙烯或乙烯），并且实现这些化合物的生物降解。在优选形式中，水流还包含至少一种溶解的卤代烃（例如四氯乙烯，三氯乙烯或1,1,1-三氯乙烷），并且完成卤代烃的脱卤。反应器可以是在地下含水层中的连续搅拌釜反应器，分批（或测序批料）反应器，活塞流反应器，固定膜反应器或孔隙空间。反应器的运行方式是从生物降解发生的空间或区域排除分子氧，满足反硝化细菌的其他要求。在一些实施方案中，使用动力学控制（平均细胞停留时间的控制）来富集反应器中的反硝化培养物。

53. 发明授权

US5811255A Apparatus and method for anaerobic respirometry 失效
标题翻译：厌氧呼吸机的设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US5811255A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-22
申请号：US530539
申请日：1995-09-20
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： C12M1/34 , C12Q1/04 , C12Q1/02
CPC分类号： C12M41/40 , C12M41/26 , C12M41/28 , C12M41/30 , C12M41/46 , C12Q1/04
摘要： An apparatus and method for anaerobic and aerobic respirometry. The apparatus and method provide for automatically collecting and analyzing the data required to calibrate mathematical models for bioprocesses that involve anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration and dehalogenation. Dissolved electron-acceptor concentrations and/or product concentrations and/or headspace pressures are automatically monitored during the progress of a biotransformation occurring in a batch reactor to produce a data set. The data set is analyzed to derive intrinsic kinetic parameters and stoichiometric coefficients. The cultures biocatalyzing the oxidation-reduction reactions of interest may be aerobic, denitrifying (e.g., nitrate-reducing), sulfate reducing and/or methanogenic. The models thus developed may be used for design of wastewater treatment or bioremediation processes.
摘要翻译：用于厌氧和有氧呼吸测量的装置和方法。该装置和方法提供用于自动收集和分析校准用于涉及厌氧呼吸，有氧呼吸和脱卤的生物过程的数学模型所需的数据。在间歇反应器中发生的生物转化过程中，自动监测溶解的电子受体浓度和/或产物浓度和/或顶空压力，以产生数据集。分析数据集以得到固有动力学参数和化学计量系数。生物催化感兴趣的氧化 - 还原反应的培养物可能是好氧，脱氮（例如硝酸盐还原），硫酸盐还原和/或产甲烷。如此开发的模型可用于废水处理或生物修复过程的设计。

54. 发明授权

US5672194A Method and apparatus for extracting precious metals from their ores and the product thereof 失效
标题翻译：从其矿石中提取贵金属的方法和设备及其产品
公开(公告)号：US5672194A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-30
申请号：US436726
申请日：1995-05-08
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow
IPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C22B11/00 , C22B3/02
CPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C22B11/04 , Y02P10/234 , Y10S423/17
摘要： A method and apparatus for extraction of precious metals from their ores and the product thereof. Oxidized ore comprising a precious metal is exposed to a leaching solution (lixiviant) comprising a relatively high concentration (fugacity) of dissolved hydrogen sulfide gas, a relatively high concentration (activity) of bisulfide ions, and a relatively low concentration (fugacity) of dissolved hydrogen gas. The hydrogen sulfide gas and bisulfide ions are preferably added to the solution by sulfate-reducing bacteria growing in a medium comprising dissolved sulfate ions and dissolved nitrate ions, but abiotic sources may also be used. Examples of such bacteria include mesophilic, fresh-water species such as Desulfobacterium catecholicum DSM 3882 and Desulfovibrio simplex DSM 4141; mesophilic, salt-water species such as Desulfovibrio salexigens DSM 2638; and thermophilic, fresh-water species such as Desulfomaculum kuznetsovii VKM B-1805. The complexed precious metal is recovered from the lixiviant.
摘要翻译：从其矿石中提取贵金属的方法和设备及其产品。包含贵金属的氧化矿物暴露于包含相对高浓度（逸度）的溶解硫化氢气体，较高浓度（活性）二硫化物离子和较低浓度（逸度）溶解的浸出溶液（浸液）氢气。优选通过在包含溶解的硫酸根离子和溶解的硝酸根离子的培养基中生长的硫酸盐还原细菌将硫化氢气体和二硫化物离子加入到溶液中，但也可以使用非生物来源。这样的细菌的实例包括嗜温淡水物种如枯草杆菌DSM 3882和Desulfovibrio simplex DSM 4141; 嗜温盐水物种，例如脱硫抗病毒沙门氏菌DSM 2638; 和嗜热淡水物种，如Desulfomaculum kuznetsovii VKM B-1805。复合的贵金属从浸取物中回收。

55. 发明授权

US5485518A Electronic media program recognition and choice 失效
标题翻译：电子媒体节目识别和选择
公开(公告)号：US5485518A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-16
申请号：US129450
申请日：1993-09-30
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： H04H1/00 , H04H60/16 , H04H60/37 , H04H60/58 , H04H60/59 , H04H60/65 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/16 , H04N21/45 , H04N21/454 , H04N7/167
CPC分类号： H04H60/16 , H04H60/37 , H04H60/58 , H04H60/59 , H04H60/65 , H04N21/4532 , H04N21/454 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/166
摘要： A method and apparatus for electronic media program recognition and choice are disclosed. The invention allows parental control of the individual television programs (e.g., series, episodes, or individual music videos) and radio programs that can be viewed or listened to by young children. The invention can be practiced without the need for or reliance on a Government or industry-wide program rating system or a "V-chip" approach. The invention automatically locks out (blocks) all programs that have not been determined by the parent to be suitable for child viewing. Suitable programs are unlocked and viewable whenever they are broadcast. Means are provided for implementing two strategies for discrimination among TV programs. Signal processing means and signal recognition software are relied upon in situations wherein program identification information is not encoded in the composite television signal. Two approaches to signal recognition are provided: video signal (e.g., title screen) recognition and audio signal (e.g., theme song) recognition. In event that Extended Data Service (EIA-608) data are available the capability to read and recognize program identifiers (e.g., names) is also provided.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于电子媒体节目识别和选择的方法和装置。本发明允许对个人电视节目（例如，系列，情节或个人音乐视频）的父母控制以及可以被幼儿观看或收听的无线电节目。可以在不需要或依赖政府或行业范围的计划评级系统或“V芯片”方法的情况下实施本发明。本发明自动地锁定（块）所有尚未被父节点确定为适于儿童观看的节目。适当的节目在播放时被解锁和可视。提供了实施电视节目歧视策略的手段。在组合电视信号中未编码节目识别信息的情况下，信号处理装置和信号识别软件被依赖。提供两种信号识别方法：视频信号（例如，标题屏幕）识别和音频信号（例如，主题曲）识别。在扩展数据服务（EIA-608）数据可用的情况下，还提供了读取和识别程序标识符（例如，名称）的能力。

56. 发明授权

US5449397A Biocatalyzed leaching of precious metal values 失效
标题翻译：生物催化浸出贵金属价值
公开(公告)号：US5449397A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US265322
申请日：1994-06-24
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C22B11/00
CPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C22B11/04 , Y02P10/234 , Y10S423/17
摘要： A biohydrometallurgical apparatus and method for extracting precious metals, including gold and silver, from oxidized ore by means of leaching with a neutral bisulfide solution instead of cyanide, thiourea, thiosulfate, or other conventional lixiviants is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a first process step of conventional bio-oxidation of ore particles is accomplished to free precious metals dispersed or occluded within the ore. A portion of the acidic, base-metal sulfate leach solution produced by bio-oxidation is introduced to an anaerobic reactor. In a heap leach embodiment of the process, the anaerobic reactor is a side-stream reactor. In an alternative slurry (e.g.,vat) leaching embodiment, the anaerobic process may occur on-line. A preferably non-toxic electron donor, such as acetate or methanol (which does not bind effectively to activated carbon), is added to the anaerobic reactor to enrich within it a mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The anaerobic reactor may be operated in a pH-stat mode by adding sufficient acidic sulfate solution to maintain a neutral pH in the reactor. In a second process step, the oxidized ore (possibly covered and submerged to exclude oxygen) is leached by recirculating the neutral bisulfide lixiviant saturated with H.sub.2 S through it in a leaching reactor. Precious metal values are recovered from the pregnant bisulfide solution by contact with activated carbon or other conventional techniques.
摘要翻译：公开了一种通过用中性二硫化物溶液浸出而不是氰化物，硫脲，硫代硫酸盐或其它常规惰性物质从氧化矿石中提取包括金和银的贵金属的生物测量装置和方法。在优选的实施方案中，实现矿石颗粒的常规生物氧化的第一工艺步骤以释放在矿石内分散或封闭的贵金属。将一部分通过生物氧化产生的酸性碱金属硫酸盐浸出溶液引入厌氧反应器中。在该方法的堆浸物实施方案中，厌氧反应器是侧流反应器。在替代的浆液（例如，大桶）浸出实施例中，厌氧过程可以在线发生。向厌氧反应器中加入优选无毒的电子给体，例如乙酸盐或甲醇（其不能有效结合活性炭），以在其中富含硫酸盐还原细菌的混合培养物。厌氧反应器可以通过加入足够的酸性硫酸盐溶液以在反应器中保持中性pH而以pH-stat模式操作。在第二工艺步骤中，通过在浸出反应器中将通过H2S饱和的中性二硫化物浸渍物再循环而将氧化矿石（可能被覆盖并浸没以排除氧气）浸出。通过与活性炭接触或其他常规技术从怀疑的二硫化物溶液中回收贵金属的值。

57. 发明授权

US5423226A Flow measurement system 失效
标题翻译：流量测量系统
公开(公告)号：US5423226A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-13
申请号：US164146
申请日：1993-12-09
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： G01F1/36 , G01F1/44 , G01F23/16 , G01N1/10 , G01N9/28 , G01N35/00
CPC分类号： G01F1/44 , G01F1/363 , G01F23/168 , G01N1/10 , G01N35/00732 , G01N35/00871 , G01N9/28 , G01N2001/1043 , G01N2035/00782 , G01N2035/00881
摘要： A portable flow measurement system comprising a primary flow metering element and a secondary flow metering element is disclosed that will find application in metering irrigation water use, urban and rural storm water runoff, infiltration/inflow and wastewater flow rates. The primary element comprises a constriction in a closed conduit that produces pressures in the liquid flowing through it that are related to the rate of flow of the liquid. The constriction is preferably configured to cause essentially simultaneous filling of the constriction and the conduit upstream from it upon increasing flow rate and/or filling of the constriction and/or the upstream pipe before the modular limit is reached. The secondary element comprises a system for transmitting and sensing the pressures produced by the primary element, computing flow rates using the sensed pressure as a basis and storing the pressure data and/or the flow rate data. The pressure transmitting and sensing subassembly comprises a plurality of bubbler circuits, a plurality of mechanisms for controlling bubble release rate, at least one and preferable two differential pressure sensors, mechanisms for simultaneously applying the same pressure to the pressure side and the reference side of each differential pressure sensor and mechanisms for simultaneously applying a known differential pressure across each differential pressure sensor.
摘要翻译：公开了一种便携式流量测量系统，其包括主流量计量元件和二次流量计量元件，其可用于计量灌溉用水，城市和农村暴雨水径流，渗透/流入和废水流量。主要元件包括在封闭导管中的收缩部，其在流过其中的液体中产生与液体的流速相关的压力。收缩部优选地构造成在达到模块化限制之前增加收缩部和/或上游管道的流速和/或填充时基本上同时填充收缩部和上游的导管。次要元件包括用于传输和感测由主元件产生的压力的系统，使用所感测的压力计算流量作为基础并存储压力数据和/或流量数据。压力传递和感测子组件包括多个起泡器电路，用于控制气泡释放速率的多个机构，至少一个和优选的两个差压传感器，用于同时向相同压力侧和参考侧施加相同压力的机构差压传感器和用于在每个差压传感器上同时施加已知差压的机构。

58. 发明授权

US5342769A Microbial dehalogenation using methanosarcina 失效
标题翻译：微生物脱卤使用甲基吗啉
公开(公告)号：US5342769A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-30
申请号：US940439
申请日：1992-09-04
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C02F11/04 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/02 , C02F3/30
CPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F11/04 , C02F3/34 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/023 , C02F2101/32 , C02F2101/36 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/23
摘要： A method for bioremediation of hazardous wastes is disclosed. The method can be used for anaerobic treatment of a liquid or slurry hazardous waste stream (e.g., industrial wastewater or sludge) or for treatment of contaminated groundwater. Removal of halogenated (e.g., chlorinated) hydrocarbons, such as tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and similar xenobiotics is possible. The method involves biotransformation of (dehalogenation) halogenated hydrocarbons by means of natural methanogenic bacteria, Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227 and/or Methanosarcina vacuolata. These methanogens can accomplish cometabolism of chlorinated hydrocarbons during metabolism of a primary substrate such as hydrogen-carbon dioxide, methanol, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and acetate. Reductive dechlorination, energy conservation and control of air pollution are accomplished.
摘要翻译：公开了一种危险废物生物修复的方法。该方法可用于对液体或浆料有害废物流（例如工业废水或污泥）进行厌氧处理或用于处理污染的地下水。可以除去卤代（例如氯化）烃，例如四氯乙烯，三氯乙烯，1,1,1-三氯乙烷和类似的异生物。该方法包括通过天然甲烷生成细菌，甲烷甲烷菌株227和/或空白菌（Methanosarcina hollowolata）生物转化（脱卤）卤代烃。这些产甲烷菌可以在一级底物例如氢二氧化碳，甲醇，甲胺，二甲胺，三甲胺和乙酸酯的代谢过程中完成氯代烃的代谢。还原脱氯，节约能源和控制空气污染。

59. 发明授权

US5922204A Method and apparatus for bioremediation of mixed hazardous wastes 失效
标题翻译：混合危险废物生物修复的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5922204A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-13
申请号：US926047
申请日：1992-08-04
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C02F11/04 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/02
CPC分类号： C12P5/023 , C02F11/04 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C12M21/04 , C12M45/00 , C12P1/04 , C02F2101/32 , C02F2101/36 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/23
摘要： A method and apparatus for bioremediation of mixed hazardous waste is discussed. The method and apparatus can be used for treatment of a liquid or slurry hazardous waste stream (e.g., industrial wastewater or sludge) or for treatment of contaminated groundwater. Removal of the following constituents is possible: (1) aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, phenols and cresols, (2) halogenated (e.g., chlorinated) hydrocarbons, such as tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and similar xenobiotics, (3) heavy metals, such as copper, lead, zinc, lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium, (4) acids, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and (5) salts, such as sulfates and nitrates. One embodiment of the invention involves the steps of denitrification (e.g., nitrate reduction), sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and aerobic respiration. Other embodiments delete the denitrification, sulfate-reduction or aerobic respiration steps. In a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the denitrification and/or sulfate-reduction steps occur in a suspended continuous culture reactor under kinetic control, while the methanogenesis may occur in a biofilm (e.g., in a packed bed reactor or in situ underground.) Reductive dechlorination, control of pH, energy conservation and control of air pollution are accomplished.
摘要翻译：讨论了混合危险废物生物修复的方法和装置。该方法和装置可用于处理液体或浆料危险废物流（例如，工业废水或污泥）或用于处理受污染的地下水。可以除去以下组分：（1）芳族烃，如苯，甲苯，乙苯，二甲苯，酚和甲酚，（2）卤代（如氯化）烃，如四氯乙烯，三氯乙烯，1,1,1 三氯乙烷和类似的异种生物，（3）重金属如铜，铅，锌，铅，汞，镉和铬，（4）酸，如硫酸和硝酸，和（5）硫酸盐和硝酸盐。本发明的一个实施方案涉及脱氮（例如硝酸盐还原），硫酸盐还原，甲烷生成和有氧呼吸的步骤。其他实施方案删除脱氮，硫酸还原或有氧呼吸步骤。在优选的实施方案中，至少部分脱氮和/或硫酸还原步骤在动力学控制下在悬浮的连续培养反应器中进行，而甲烷生成可以在生物膜中发生（例如，在填充床反应器中或原位地下。）还原脱氯，控制pH值，节能和控制空气污染。

60. 发明授权

US5914441A Biocatalyzed anaerobic oxidation of metal sulfides for recovery of metal values 失效
标题翻译：生物催化氧化金属硫化物回收金属价值
公开(公告)号：US5914441A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-22
申请号：US662050
申请日：1996-06-12
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart
IPC分类号： C22B3/02 , C22B3/18
CPC分类号： C22B11/04 , C22B3/18 , Y02P10/234 , Y10S423/17
摘要： A method and apparatus for anaerobic oxidation of metal sulfides in ores and concentrates. Base-metal and precious-metal ores and concentrates often contain metal sulfides, such iron sulfides (e.g., pyrite, pyrhotite, arsenopyrite, etc.), copper sulfides (e.g., chalcopyrite, chalcocite, etc.), zinc sulfides (e.g., sphalerite, etc.) and/or lead sulfides (e.g., galena, etc.) and/or other metal sulfides), that must be oxidized in order to recover metal values (e.g., gold, silver, or platinum group elements) from the ores. In the present invention, these metal sulfides are oxidized in one reactor under anaerobic or anoxic conditions using oxidized metal ions, such as ferrous ions (Fe.sup.+3), as the oxidizing agent. Anaerobic oxidation of elemental sulfur that is produced by metal sulfide oxidation is biocatalyzed by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, or or Sulfolobus sp. The oxidized metal ions are produced biologically by iron-oxidizing bacteria in another reactor under aerobic conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the anaerobic reactor is an upflow, counter-current reactor having a fluidized bed of ore or concentrate particles and the aerobic reactor is a plug-flow reactor or a biofilm reactor.
摘要翻译：一种用于矿物和精矿中金属硫化物的厌氧氧化的方法和装置。碱金属和贵金属矿石和浓缩物通常含有金属硫化物，例如硫化铁（例如黄铁矿，黄铁矿，砷黄铁矿等），硫化铜（例如黄铜矿，辉铜矿等），硫化锌（例如闪锌矿等）和/或硫化铅（例如，方铅矿等）和/或其他金属硫化物），其必须被氧化以从矿石中回收金属值（例如金，银或铂族元素）。在本发明中，这些金属硫化物在厌氧或缺氧条件下在一个反应器中使用氧化金属离子（例如亚铁离子（Fe + 3））氧化作为氧化剂。通过金属硫化物氧化产生的元素硫的厌氧氧化由硫氧化细菌如硫氧化硫杆菌，硫氧化硫杆菌或硫氰酸梭菌生物催化。氧化金属离子是在有氧条件下在另一个反应器中通过铁氧化细菌生物生产的。在优选的实施方案中，厌氧反应器是具有矿石或浓缩物颗粒的流化床的向上流逆流反应器，需氧反应器是活塞流反应器或生物膜反应器。

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