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    • 1. 发明专利
    • Improvements in or relating to electric communication cables
    • GB584153A
    • 1947-01-08
    • GB2034344
    • 1944-10-20
    • STANDARD TELEPHONES CABLES LTDTHOMAS ROBERTSON SCOTT
    • H01B7/12H01B11/18H01P3/02
    • 584,153. Electric cables. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd., and SCOTT, T. R. Oct. 20, 1944, No. 20343. [Class 36] An inner conductor is separated from an outer conductor or sheath by air-spaced bodies of expanded organic insulating material. In Fig. 1, the inner conductor 1 and outer conductor 2 are separated by beads 3, of expanded polystyrene, polythene, polymerized 2.5 dichlorostyrene, or polytetrafluorethylene made in two portions and cemented together by polystyrene dissolved in monomeric styrene. The remaining space may be filled by gas, such as nitrogen or helium, at super-atmospheric pressure. In Fig. 3, the beads are replaced by three layers of tape, which may be trapezoidal in cross-section, made of expanded material and laid helically about the inner conductor 1, the spaces 7 being filled with gas. Alternatively the conductors may be separated by cords of the expanded material. Initially, the gas pressure is raised to the required amount, so that gas enters the honeycomb structure by diffusion through the thin partitions, and longitudinal channels may be provided in the insulation immediately adjacent to the conductors to facilitate permeation of the gas. When the invention is applied to a cable with an inner conductor and an outer sheath of lead or polyisobutylene loaded with carbon black, rubber or synthetic rubber, a layer of unexpanded material such as a polymer of ethylene or polytetrafluorethylene, a copolymer of styrene with butadiene or rubber, a copolymer of dichlorostyrene with butadiene or rubber, chloroprene, or butyl rubber is applied to the conductor by extrusion. Specifications 448,486 and 553,569 are referred to.
    • 6. 发明专利
    • Improvements in or relating to electric cables
    • GB339990A
    • 1930-12-18
    • GB2828629
    • 1929-09-18
    • STANDARD TELEPHONES CABLES LTDTHOMAS ROBERTSON SCOTTTHOMAS NIXON RILEY
    • H01B3/48
    • 339,990. Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., Scott, T. R., and Riley, T. N. Sept. 18, 1929. Drawings to Specification. Condensers.-A process for the impregnation of insulating materials such as fibrous insulation with a hydrocarbon oil in the manufacture of high tension cables or electric condensers consists in drying and exhausting the insulation and, before impregnation, replacing the residual air by the vapour of a substance which vapourizes under the temperature and low pressure conditions in the impregnating vessel and which is condensed to a liquid or a solid under the tern. perat,ure and pressure conditions of service. The impregnating vessel may be the lead sheath of a cable, and, preferably, the substance is such as. to condense during impregnation. In one method, a substance is introduced which wholly maintains the normal absolute pressure of the impregnating vessel by vapour pressure, the pressure remaining constant while the limit of vacuum is being reached by the pumping, and the action is stated to be a gradual replacement of residual air in the insulation by vapour. A condenser trap is fitted to the impregnating vessel to pass air and moisture but retain condensible vapour in the vessel. The impregnating medium is admitted to the vessel and the vapour is condensed by a gradual temperature decrease or by forcing in the impregnating medium at a pressure greater than the vapour pressure of the condensible substance at the temperature of impregnation. The insulation is impregnated at a temperature of 130‹-140‹ C. and an absolute pressure of 55 mm. of mercury or less. The pressure head of the incoming impregnating compound may be sufficient to condense the vapour without temperature change, the Specification stating that when a cable is impregnated at 5 mm. pressure and 108‹ C. with diphenyl as the vapourized substance, an oil head of three inches at the surface of the incoming compound is sufficient to condense the vapour. A mixture of vapourizable materials may be used such that the sum of the partial pressures at any temperature gives the desired pressure. The substance may be vapourized in a separate system and introduced as a vapour to the impregnating vessel or may be introduced as a solid or liquid and evaporated. The substance may be sprayed in at reduced temperature as a liquid into the fibrous insulation so that evaporation may occur in the interior of the insulation when the temperature is raised. The substance may be incorporated in a cable during manufacture and evaporated during or after the final drying operations. The substance may be applied to the cable core, and is preferably such as will not evaporate during the initial stages of drying. An example given consists of a copper core which after stranding, is. passed through a bath of a substance which does not evaporate below 100‹ C. at atmospheric pressure. The core is then insulated. The whole fibrous insulation may be impregnated with the vapourizable substance before, or after, application to the cable, and varnished with a retaining medium which may be of a resinous nature. In an example, methyl naphthalene is used as a vapourizable substance, the temperature being raised towards the end of the drying by passing an electric current through the core. Materials which may be impregnated are stated to be paper, textile materials, hydrocarbon oil with or without resins, tars, bitumens, resins and synthetic resins in solvents, cellulose acetate in solvents, sulphur, waxes such as paraffin, ceresin and beeswax, halogenated waxes such as chlorinated naphthalene, and petroleum jellies. Methyl naphthalene and diphenyl, when used as the vapourizable substance, are stated to reduce the dielectric losses of the oil in the finished cable. Diphenyl, methyl naphthalene, and aromatic hydrocarbons may be used as vapourizable materials in order to increase the resistance of the impregnating compound to deterioration. A vapourizable substance may be used which, on condensation, improves the absorption properties of the fibrous material, e.g. by wetting the surface of the fibres, or a substance may be used which forms a protective film on the fibres provided that the film is chemically inactive under electric discharge in the cable. For condensers, a vapourizable material of high specific inductive capacity such as glycol or ethylene glycol may be used. These substances are stated to raise the specific inductive capacity of the impregnating material. The vapourizale material may be an introfier for the impregnating material. It is stated that, for introfying sulphur into fibre boards or asbestos at 135‹ C., naphthalene, diphenyl, and triphenyl are vapourizable substances to be used.
    • 9. 发明专利
    • A machine for dyeing wool, yarn, cloth and the like
    • GB727430A
    • 1955-03-30
    • GB2323652
    • 1952-09-16
    • THOMAS ROBERTSON PURVES
    • D06B5/00
    • In a dyeing apparatus in which the dye liquor is circulated through the material alternately in forward and reverse directions, the propeller which promotes the liquor flow is housed in a casing separate from but in communication with the container in which the material is treated. The Figure shows a dyeing apparatus in which the material to be dyed is placed in a container 24 formed between two perforated plates 18, 21 which are housed in a vessel 10 which communicates via tapered passages 13, 14 with a propeller chamber 11. The propeller 15 is rotated in alternate directions by the reversible electric motor 17 and the capacity of the container 24 may be varied by sliding the upper perforated plate 21 to which a tube 20 is attached on rod 19, the rod and tube being provided with through apertures 191, 23 so that the rod 19 may be held in a given position by means of a rod 25 passing through an aperture 23 and engaging with apertures 22 in the wall of the tank 10. The dye liquor may be heated for example, by admitting steam via pipe 26. In a modification the perforated plates 18, 21 21 are supported at their sides, each plate being carried on two uprights on opposite sides of the plate.