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31. 发明申请

US20140064609A1 SENSORY INPUT PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHODS 有权
标题翻译：传感器输入处理装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US20140064609A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-06
申请号：US13152119
申请日：2011-06-02
申请人： Csaba Petre , Sach Hansen Sokol , Filip Lukasz Piekniewski , Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Csaba Petre , Sach Hansen Sokol , Filip Lukasz Piekniewski , Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06K9/6232 , G06K9/4628 , G06N3/049
摘要： Sensory input processing apparatus and methods useful for adaptive encoding and decoding of features. In one embodiment, the apparatus receives an input frame having a representation of the object feature, generates a sequence of sub-frames that are displaced from one another (and correspond to different areas within the frame), and encodes the sub-frame sequence into groups of pulses. The patterns of pulses are directed via transmission channels to detection apparatus configured to generate an output pulse upon detecting a predetermined pattern within received groups of pulses that is associated with the feature. Upon detecting a particular pattern, the detection apparatus provides feedback to the displacement module in order to optimize sub-frame displacement for detecting the feature of interest. In another embodiment, the detections apparatus elevates its sensitivity (and/or channel characteristics) to that particular pulse pattern when processing subsequent pulse group inputs, thereby increasing the likelihood of feature detection.
摘要翻译：感觉输入处理装置和方法对于特征的自适应编码和解码是有用的。在一个实施例中，设备接收具有对象特征的表示的输入帧，产生彼此相移（并对应于帧内的不同区域）的子帧序列，并将子帧序列编码为一组脉冲脉冲的模式经由传输通道引导到检测装置，该检测装置被配置为在检测到与特征相关联的所接收的脉冲组内的预定模式时产生输出脉冲。在检测到特定模式时，检测装置向位移模块提供反馈以优化用于检测感兴趣特征的子帧位移。在另一个实施例中，当处理后续的脉冲组输入时，检测装置将其灵敏度（和/或通道特性）提升到该特定脉冲模式，从而增加特征检测的可能性。

32. 发明申请

US20130218821A1 Round-trip engineering apparatus and methods for neural networks 有权
公开(公告)号：US20130218821A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-22
申请号：US13385937
申请日：2012-03-15
申请人： Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： G06N3/08
CPC分类号： G06N3/08 , G06F8/355 , G06N3/10
摘要： Apparatus and methods for high-level neuromorphic network description (HLND) framework that may be configured to enable users to define neuromorphic network architectures using a unified and unambiguous representation that is both human-readable and machine-interpretable. The framework may be used to define nodes types, node-to-node connection types, instantiate node instances for different node types, and to generate instances of connection types between these nodes. To facilitate framework usage, the HLND format may provide the flexibility required by computational neuroscientists and, at the same time, provides a user-friendly interface for users with limited experience in modeling neurons. The HLND kernel may comprise an interface to Elementary Network Description (END) that is optimized for efficient representation of neuronal systems in hardware-independent manner and enables seamless translation of HLND model description into hardware instructions for execution by various processing modules.

33. 发明授权

US08467623B2 Invariant pulse latency coding systems and methods systems and methods 有权
标题翻译：不变脉冲延迟编码系统和方法系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08467623B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-18
申请号：US12869583
申请日：2010-08-26
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , G06K9/36 , G06K9/46 , G06K9/32 , G06K9/40 , H03K7/04 , H03K9/04 , H03K7/06 , H03K9/06 , H04B14/04 , H04N7/24 , G06F15/18 , G06J1/00 , G06N3/00 , A61N1/00
CPC分类号： H04N19/107 , G06K9/46 , G06N3/049 , G06T7/20 , G06T7/40 , G06T9/002 , G06T2207/10016 , H04B14/026 , H04N19/00
摘要： Systems and methods for processing image signals are described. One method comprises obtaining a generator signal based on an image signal and determining relative latencies associated with two or more pulses in a pulsed signal using a function of the generator signal that can comprise a logarithmic function. The function of the generator signal can be the absolute value of its argument. Information can be encoded in the pattern of relative latencies. Latencies can be determined using a scaling parameter that is calculated from a history of the image signal. The pulsed signal is typically received from a plurality of channels and the scaling parameter corresponds to at least one of the channels. The scaling parameter may be adaptively calculated such that the latency of the next pulse falls within one or more of a desired interval and an optimal interval.
摘要翻译：描述用于处理图像信号的系统和方法。一种方法包括基于图像信号获得发生器信号，并且使用可以包括对数函数的发生器信号的函数来确定与脉冲信号中的两个或更多个脉冲相关联的相对延迟。发电机信号的功能可以是其参数的绝对值。信息可以以相对延迟的模式进行编码。可以使用从图像信号的历史计算的缩放参数来确定延迟。通常从多个通道接收脉冲信号，并且缩放参数对应于至少一个通道。可以自适应地计算缩放参数，使得下一个脉冲的等待时间落入期望的间隔和最佳间隔的一个或多个之内。

34. 发明申请

US20130073499A1 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PARTIAL EVALUATION OF SYNAPTIC UPDATES BASED ON SYSTEM EVENTS 失效
标题翻译：基于系统事件部分评估更新的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20130073499A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-21
申请号：US13239259
申请日：2011-09-21
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Filip Piekniewski , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Filip Piekniewski , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran
IPC分类号： G06N3/04 , G06N3/06
CPC分类号： G06N3/049 , G06N3/063 , G06N3/08
摘要： Apparatus and methods for partial evaluation of synaptic updates in neural networks. In one embodiment, a pre-synaptic unit is connected to a several post synaptic units via communication channels. Information related to a plurality of post-synaptic pulses generated by the post-synaptic units is stored by the network in response to a system event. Synaptic channel updates are performed by the network using the time intervals between a pre-synaptic pulse, which is being generated prior to the system event, and at least a portion of the plurality of the post synaptic pulses. The system event enables removal of the information related to the portion of the post-synaptic pulses from the storage device. A shared memory block within the storage device is used to store data related to post-synaptic pulses generated by different post-synaptic nodes. This configuration enables memory use optimization of post-synaptic units with different firing rates.
摘要翻译：用于部分评估神经网络中突触更新的装置和方法。在一个实施例中，突触前单元经由通信信道连接到几个后突触单元。与由突触后单元生成的多个突触后脉冲相关的信息由网络响应于系统事件存储。突触信道更新由网络使用在系统事件之前产生的预触觉脉冲与多个突触后脉冲的至少一部分之间的时间间隔来执行。系统事件使得能够从存储设备去除与突触后部分脉冲相关的信息。存储设备内的共享存储器块用于存储与由不同的突触后节点产生的突触后脉冲相关的数据。这种配置使得具有不同发射速率的突触后单元的存储器使用优化成为可能。

35. 发明申请

US20130073496A1 Tag-based apparatus and methods for neural networks 有权
标题翻译：基于标签的神经网络装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20130073496A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-21
申请号：US13385938
申请日：2012-03-15
申请人： Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： G06N3/02
CPC分类号： G06N7/00 , G06N3/00 , G06N3/10
摘要： Apparatus and methods for high-level neuromorphic network description (HLND) using tags. The framework may be used to define nodes types, define node-to-node connection types, instantiate node instances for different node types, and/or generate instances of connection types between these nodes. The HLND format may be used to define nodes types, define node-to-node connection types, instantiate node instances for different node types, dynamically identify and/or select network subsets using tags, and/or generate instances of one or more connections between these nodes using such subsets. To facilitate the HLND operation and disambiguation, individual elements of the network (e.g., nodes, extensions, connections, I/O ports) may be assigned at least one unique tag. The tags may be used to identify and/or refer to respective network elements. The HLND kernel may comprises an interface to Elementary Network Description.
摘要翻译：使用标签的高级神经元网络描述（HLND）的装置和方法。该框架可用于定义节点类型，定义节点到节点连接类型，为不同节点类型实例化节点实例，和/或生成这些节点之间的连接类型实例。 HLND格式可用于定义节点类型，定义节点到节点连接类型，为不同节点类型实例化节点实例，使用标签来动态地识别和/或选择网络子集，和/或生成实例之间的一个或多个连接这些节点使用这样的子集。为了促进HLND操作和消歧，可以为网络的各个元件（例如，节点，扩展，连接，I / O端口）分配至少一个唯一标签。标签可以用于标识和/或引用相应的网络元件。 HLND内核可以包括到基本网络描述的接口。

36. 发明申请

US20120323842A1 SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR GROWTH, PEER-REVIEW, AND MAINTENANCE OF NETWORK COLLABORATIVE RESOURCES 审中-公开
标题翻译：网络协同资源的增长，同侪审查和维护的系统与方法
公开(公告)号：US20120323842A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-20
申请号：US13472378
申请日：2012-05-15
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Leo Trottier , Tobias Denninger
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Leo Trottier , Tobias Denninger
IPC分类号： G06F17/30 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06Q10/10
摘要： System and methods for managing collaborative content resources, such as blogs, collaborative portals, and encyclopedias. In one embodiment, the collaborative resources comprise so-called “wikis” managed within an encyclopedia environment comprising a group of curators. The curators sponsor, peer-review, and accept or reject articles written by experts. When an article is accepted, the senior author joins the group of curators. Each accepted article has a curator and a group of assistant curators. When a registered user modifies the article, the modification is not shown to the public until it is approved by the curator or at least one assistant curator of the article. Upon approval, the user joins the group of assistant curators of the article. Each user has a rank, which in one variant reflects the number of times the approval or rejection decision by the user coincided with the approval or rejection decision by the curator.
摘要翻译：用于管理协作内容资源（如博客，协作门户网站和百科全书）的系统和方法。在一个实施例中，协作资源包括在包括一组策展人的百科全书环境中管理的所谓维基。策展人赞助，同行评审，接受或拒绝专家撰写的文章。当文章被接受时，资深作者加入了策展人组。每个接受的文章都有一个策展人和一组助理策展人。当注册用户修改该文章时，该修改不会被展示给公众，除非由策展人或文章的至少一名助理策展人批准。经批准，用户加入文章的助理策展人组。每个用户都有一个等级，一个变体反映了用户的批准或拒绝决定与策展人的批准或拒绝决定相符的次数。

37. 发明申请

US20120303091A1 APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR POLYCHRONOUS ENCODING AND MULTIPLEXING IN NEURONAL PROSTHETIC DEVICES 有权
标题翻译：用于神经元预处理器件中多重编码和多重复制的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20120303091A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-29
申请号：US13117048
申请日：2011-05-26
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： A61F9/08 , A61N1/36
CPC分类号： G06N3/049 , G06F19/00 , G06F19/36 , G16H40/63
摘要： Apparatus and methods for encoding sensory input information into patterns of pulses and message multiplexing. In one implementation, the patterns of pulses are polychronous (time-locked by not necessary synchronous), and a retinal prosthetic encodes the input signal into the polychronous patterns for delivery via stimulating electrodes. Different polychronous patterns simultaneously encode different sensory signals; (such as different features of the image), thus providing for message multiplexing. Increasing data transmission capacity allows for a reduction in the number of electrodes required for data transmission. In one implementation, an adaptive feedback mechanism is employed to facilitate encoder operation. In another aspect, a computer vision system is described.
摘要翻译：用于将感觉输入信息编码成脉冲模式和消息复用的装置和方法。在一个实施方案中，脉冲的图案是同步的（通过不必要的同步的时间锁定），并且视网膜假体将输入信号编码为多通道图案以经由刺激电极传送。不同的同步图案同时编码不同的感觉信号; （如图像的不同特征），从而提供消息复用。增加数据传输容量可以减少数据传输所需的电极数量。在一个实现中，采用自适应反馈机制来促进编码器操作。在另一方面，描述了计算机视觉系统。

38. 发明授权

US08103602B2 Solving the distal reward problem through linkage of STDP and dopamine signaling 有权
标题翻译：通过STDP和多巴胺信号的联系来解决远端回报问题
公开(公告)号：US08103602B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-24
申请号：US11963403
申请日：2007-12-21
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： G06E1/00 , G06E3/00 , G06F15/18 , G06G7/00 , G06N3/02
CPC分类号： G06N3/049 , G06N3/02 , G06N3/063 , G06N3/0635 , G06N99/005
摘要： In Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, rewards typically come seconds after reward-triggering actions, creating an explanatory conundrum known as the distal reward problem or the credit assignment problem. How does the brain know what firing patterns of what neurons are responsible for the reward if (1) the firing patterns are no longer there when the reward arrives and (2) most neurons and synapses are active during the waiting period to the reward? A model network and computer simulation of cortical spiking neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) modulated by dopamine (DA) is disclosed to answer this question. STDP is triggered by nearly-coincident firing patterns of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron on a millisecond time scale, with slow kinetics of subsequent synaptic plasticity being sensitive to changes in the extracellular dopamine DA concentration during the critical period of a few seconds after the nearly-coincident firing patterns. Random neuronal firings during the waiting period leading to the reward do not affect STDP, and hence make the neural network insensitive to this ongoing random firing activity. The importance of precise firing patterns in brain dynamics and the use of a global diffusive reinforcement signal in the form of extracellular dopamine DA can selectively influence the right synapses at the right time.
摘要翻译：在巴甫洛夫和工具条件下，奖励通常会在奖励触发动作之后几秒钟，创造一个被称为远程奖励问题或信用分配问题的解释性难题。如果（1）当奖励到达时，射击模式不再在那里，（2）大多数神经元和突触在等待期间是活跃的，大脑如何知道什么是神经元对于奖励的触发模式？披露了由多巴胺（DA）调制的具有刺激时间依赖性可塑性（STDP）的皮质加标神经元的模型网络和计算机模拟来回答这个问题。 STDP在几毫秒的时间尺度上由突触前神经元和突触后神经元的几乎一致的发射模式触发，随后突触可塑性的缓慢动力学对于在数秒后的几秒的关键时期内对细胞外多巴胺DA浓度的变化敏感几乎一致的射击模式。导致奖励的等待期间的随机神经元激发不会影响STDP，因此使神经网络对这种持续的随机射击活动不敏感。精确射击模式在脑动力学中的重要性以及以细胞外多巴胺DA的形式使用全局扩散加强信号的选择可以选择性地在正确的时间影响右侧突触。

39. 发明申请

US20110235914A1 INVARIANT PULSE LATENCY CODING SYSTEMS AND METHODS SYSTEMS AND METHODS 有权
标题翻译：不确定脉冲序列编码系统和方法系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20110235914A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-29
申请号：US12869583
申请日：2010-08-26
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： H04N19/107 , G06K9/46 , G06N3/049 , G06T7/20 , G06T7/40 , G06T9/002 , G06T2207/10016 , H04B14/026 , H04N19/00
摘要： Systems and methods for processing image signals are described. One method comprises obtaining a generator signal based on an image signal and determining relative latencies associated with two or more pulses in a pulsed signal using a function of the generator signal that can comprise a logarithmic function. The function of the generator signal can be the absolute value of its argument. Information can be encoded in the pattern of relative latencies. Latencies can be determined using a scaling parameter that is calculated from a history of the image signal. The pulsed signal is typically received from a plurality of channels and the scaling parameter corresponds to at least one of the channels. The scaling parameter may be adaptively calculated such that the latency of the next pulse falls within one or more of a desired interval and an optimal interval.
摘要翻译：描述用于处理图像信号的系统和方法。一种方法包括基于图像信号获得发生器信号，并且使用可以包括对数函数的发生器信号的函数来确定与脉冲信号中的两个或更多个脉冲相关联的相对延迟。发电机信号的功能可以是其参数的绝对值。信息可以以相对延迟的模式进行编码。可以使用从图像信号的历史计算的缩放参数来确定延迟。通常从多个通道接收脉冲信号，并且缩放参数对应于至少一个通道。可以自适应地计算缩放参数，使得下一个脉冲的等待时间落入期望的间隔和最佳间隔的一个或多个之内。

40. 发明申请

US20110235698A1 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INVARIANT PULSE LATENCY CODING 有权
标题翻译：用于不确定脉冲延迟编码的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20110235698A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-29
申请号：US12869573
申请日：2010-08-26
申请人： Csaba Petre , Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Csaba Petre , Botond Szatmary , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： H04N11/04
CPC分类号： H04N19/107 , G06K9/46 , G06N3/049 , G06T7/20 , G06T7/40 , G06T9/002 , G06T2207/10016 , H04B14/026 , H04N19/00
摘要： Image processing systems and methods extract information from an input signal representative of an element of an image and to encode the information in a pulsed output signal. A plurality of channels communicates the pulsed output signal, each of the plurality of channels being characterized by a latency. The information may be encoded as a pattern of relative pulse latencies observable in pulses communicated through the plurality of channels and the pattern of relative pulse latencies is substantially insensitive to image contrast and/or image luminance. A filter can be employed to provide a generator signal based on the input signal and pulse latencies can be determined using a logarithmic function of the generator signal. The filter may be temporally and/or spatially balanced and characterized by an integral along spatial and/or temporal dimensions of the filter that is substantially zero for all values of a temporal and/or a spatial variable.
摘要翻译：图像处理系统和方法从表示图像元素的输入信号中提取信息，并将信息编码在脉冲输出信号中。多个通道传送脉冲输出信号，多个通道中的每一个通过等待时间来表征。信息可以被编码为在通过多个通道传送的脉冲中可观察到的相对脉冲潜伏期的模式，并且相对脉冲延迟的图案对图像对比度和/或图像亮度基本上不敏感。可以使用滤波器来基于输入信号提供发生器信号，并且可以使用发生器信号的对数函数来确定脉冲延迟。滤波器可以在时间上和/或空间上平衡，并且其特征在于沿着空间和/或时间维度的积分，其对于时间和/或空间变量的所有值基本为零。

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