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41. 发明授权

US4047079A Ground leakage current protection system 失效
标题翻译：地漏电流保护系统
公开(公告)号：US4047079A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-06
申请号：US532819
申请日：1974-12-16
申请人： Colin A. A. MacPhee
发明人： Colin A. A. MacPhee
IPC分类号： H02H3/33 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H3/33
摘要： A circuit interrupter responsive to ground-fault conditions is disclosed that is rendered relatively immune to many possible failures of components and connections. A differential current transformer has a pair of differential primary windings in series with the conductors of the protected load circuit (or a ground-fault-current primary winding in a modification), and a secondary winding in control of an AC-energized SCR that controls a "hold-in" coil of a circuit interrupter, and an AC - excited biasing winding. The arrangement is such that, in the absence of ground fault current, the hold-in coil is energized, whereas in case of a ground fault the AC biasing flux is opposed so as to be cancelled or reversed, releasing the circuit interrupter for opening.
摘要翻译：公开了一种响应于接地故障条件的电路断路器，其相对地免于组件和连接的许多可能的故障。差动电流互感器具有与受保护负载电路（或修改中的接地故障电流初级绕组）的导体串联的一对差动初级绕组，以及控制交流通电SCR的次级绕组，其控制电路断续器的“保持”线圈，以及交流励磁偏置绕组。这种布置使得在没有接地故障电流的情况下，保持线圈被通电，而在接地故障的情况下，AC偏置通量相反，以被抵消或反转，释放断路器以便断开。

42. 发明授权

US4008418A High voltage transient protection circuit for voltage regulators 失效
标题翻译：用于稳压器的高电压瞬变保护电路
公开(公告)号：US4008418A
公开(公告)日：1977-02-15
申请号：US663017
申请日：1976-03-02
申请人： Howard E. Murphy
发明人： Howard E. Murphy
IPC分类号： G05F1/571 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： G05F1/571
摘要： A high-voltage transient protection circuit for use in combination with a voltage regulator of the type employing an error amplifier to compare a portion of the controlled output voltage against a reference voltage and adjust the output voltage accordingly. The protection circuit can be used with three terminal positive or negative voltage regulators of either the shunt transistor or series pass transistor types. Oscillation of the protection circuit around a selected transient voltage threshold is avoided by providing a hysteresis characteristic in the response of the circuit to a voltage transient. The circuit is preferably embodied as an integrated circuit in a chip of semiconductor material and is particularly well suited for protecting a voltage regulator and associated electronic systems from the detrimental voltage transients encountered in an automotive environment.
摘要翻译：一种高电压瞬变保护电路，与使用误差放大器类型的电压调节器组合使用，以将受控输出电压的一部分与参考电压进行比较，并相应地调整输出电压。保护电路可以用于分流晶体管或串联晶体管类型的三端正或负电压调节器。通过在电路对电压瞬变的响应中提供滞后特性来避免围绕所选瞬态电压阈值的保护电路的振荡。电路优选地被实现为半导体材料芯片中的集成电路，并且特别适用于保护电压调节器和相关联的电子系统免受在汽车环境中遇到的有害电压瞬变。

43. 发明授权

US3978373A Circuit breaker 失效
公开(公告)号：US3978373A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-31
申请号：US544263
申请日：1975-01-27
申请人： Hideo Tatsumi
发明人： Hideo Tatsumi
IPC分类号： H02H3/33 , H02H7/06 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H7/06 , H02H3/33
摘要： A leakage current detecting coil is provided in the output circuit of the armature of a generator. The output of the leakage current detecting coil is connected to a gate control circuit for a pair of thyristors constituting a full-wave rectifier circuit provided between the output of the generator and the field coil thereof. The full-wave rectifier circuit controls the exciting current of the generator and also interrupts the exciting current through turning-off the thyristors when the leakage current is detected.

44. 发明授权

US3970900A Overvoltage protection for an integrated circuit 失效
标题翻译：集成电路的过压保护
公开(公告)号：US3970900A
公开(公告)日：1976-07-20
申请号：US534650
申请日：1974-12-19
申请人： Robert G. Hodgins
发明人： Robert G. Hodgins
IPC分类号： H02H9/04 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H9/046
摘要： A pass transistor is coupled serially with an integrated circuit across a DC energy source. The DC source includes a battery coupled in parallel with a charging transformer output and a diode, the negative side being connected to ground. A resistor is coupled across the pass transistor collector and base to assure conduction by the pass transistor when the DC source is operative. A string of zener diodes is connected between the pass transistor base and ground to provide voltage limiting by clamping the transistor base during an overvoltage condition arising, for example, when the battery has a defective cell or an open connection to the remainder of the circuit. Such an arrangement allows reliable operation with monolithic transistors having about 27 volts collector to emitter breakdown voltage rating.
摘要翻译：传输晶体管与跨越DC能源的集成电路串联耦合。直流电源包括与充电变压器输出并联的电池和二极管，负极连接到地。电阻器跨过传输晶体管集电极和基极耦合，以确保在DC源工作时由传输晶体管导通。一串齐纳二极管连接在传输晶体管基极和地之间，以在例如当电池具有有缺陷的单元或与电路的其余部分的开放连接时产生的过电压状态下钳位晶体管基极来提供电压限制。这种布置允许使用具有约27伏集电极到发射极击穿电压额定值的单片晶体管来进行可靠的操作。

45. 发明授权

US3955121A Short-circuit protective systems 失效
标题翻译：短路保护系统
公开(公告)号：US3955121A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-04
申请号：US506518
申请日：1974-09-16
申请人： Thomas J. Vahey
发明人： Thomas J. Vahey
IPC分类号： H02H3/347 , H02H7/08 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H3/347 , H02H7/08
摘要： My invention relates to short-circuit protective systems for polyphase dynamo electric machine, which systems are very sensitive and respond to ground short-circuits as well as to phase-to-phase short circuits. The invention comprises two or three small current transformers connected to a single instantaneous relay which is applied to trip the machine contactor or breaker when any ground short-circuit or phase-to-phase short-circuit occurs.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及多相发电机的短路保护系统，其系统非常灵敏，对接地短路以及相间短路有反应。本发明包括两个或三个小型电流互感器，其连接到单个瞬时继电器，当任何接地短路或相间短路发生时，其应用于使机器接触器或断路器跳闸。

46. 发明授权

US3931547A Protection circuit 失效
标题翻译：保护电路
公开(公告)号：US3931547A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-06
申请号：US496358
申请日：1974-08-09
申请人： Miroslav Glogolja
发明人： Miroslav Glogolja
IPC分类号： H02H3/28 , H03F1/52
CPC分类号： H03F1/52 , H02H3/28
摘要： The amplitude is detected of both the input and output signals of the circuit (such as an audio amplifier) it is desired to protect. When, for example, a short circuit occurs across the load being driven, there is a sudden change in the ratio of these amplitudes and in response to this change, the signal to the output driver stage of the circuit is shunted to ground.
摘要翻译：检测要想保护的电路（例如音频放大器）的输入和输出信号的幅度。例如，在被驱动的负载上发生短路时，这些幅度的比率突然变化，并且响应于该变化，到电路的输出驱动级的信号被分流到地。

47. 发明授权

US3891895A Ground fault detection 失效
标题翻译：接地故障检测
公开(公告)号：US3891895A
公开(公告)日：1975-06-24
申请号：US46122674
申请日：1974-04-15
申请人： RCA CORP
发明人： WITTLINGER HAROLD ALLEN
IPC分类号： H02H3/33 , H02H3/38 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H3/337 , H02H3/382
摘要： A rectified current wave is produced proportional to the difference in alternating currents passing through a pair of line conductors. This wave is compared in phase with the line voltage to distinguish between an undesired resistive connection from one of the line conductors to ground (a ''''ground fault'''') and capacitive unbalance between the line conductors and ground.
摘要翻译：与通过一对线路导体的交流电流的差异产生整流电流波。将该波与线路电压进行相位比较，以区分来自线路导体之一到地的不期望的电阻连接（“接地故障”）以及线路导体和地之间的电容性不平衡。

48. 发明授权

US3872355A Fire detection and projection circuit and device 失效
标题翻译：火灾探测和投影电路和装置
公开(公告)号：US3872355A
公开(公告)日：1975-03-18
申请号：US39849273
申请日：1973-09-18
申请人： GEN ELECTRIC
发明人： KLEIN KEITH WILLIAM , SWETNAM NORMAN THOMAS , CAHILL ROBERT ALLEN
IPC分类号： G08B17/06 , H02H3/33 , H02H5/04 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： G08B17/06 , H02H3/334 , H02H5/047 , Y10T307/773
摘要： An early warning fire detection system utilizes a ground fault protected circuit fed through a conventional ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) as a vehicle for detecting elevated temperature conditions indicating a fire or incipient fire. Thermal detectors located at strategically-located convenience outlets powered by a ground fault protected circuit or circuits individually operate in response to a predetermined high temperature condition to produce a controlled ground fault, either on the line or the neutral side of the associated circuit, thereby precipitating circuit interrupting operation of the GFCI unit. An alarm associated with the protected circuits is activated in response to the circuit interrupting operation of any of the GFCI units.
摘要翻译：预警火灾探测系统利用通过常规接地故障电路断路器（GFCI）馈送的接地故障保护电路作为检测指示火灾或初期火灾的高温状况的车辆。由接地故障保护电路或电路供电的位于战略位置的便利出口处的热检测器响应于预定的高温条件单独操作，以在相关电路的线路或中性线上产生受控的接地故障，由此沉淀 GFCI单元的电路中断操作。响应于任何GFCI单元的电路中断操作，激活与受保护电路相关的报警。

49. 发明授权

US3859567A Ground fault interrupter circuit with excited secondary winding on differential transformer 失效
标题翻译：接地故障中断电路，具有异步二次绕组的差分变压器
公开(公告)号：US3859567A
公开(公告)日：1975-01-07
申请号：US35322273
申请日：1973-04-23
申请人： AMF INC
发明人： ALLARD JOHN J
IPC分类号： G01R27/18 , H02H3/33 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H3/331
摘要： A ground fault interrupter circuit employing a transformer whose primary windings are respectively in series with the two conductors of a power distribution system. A multi-turn secondary winding of the transformer is continuously excited by current from the conductors to produce in the transformer core a continuous flux whose magnitude is substantially equal in magnitude and in opposite direction to the flux produced in the core by a differential current which flows in the primary windings when a fault current of minimum unacceptable magnitude is present. In the absence of a fault, the steady current through the secondary winding actuates sensing circuitry which permits a circuit breaker to maintain the source connected to the conductors. Upon presence of a fault on a conductor, flux in the core goes to zero, or reverses phase, and the sensing circuitry responds thereto to cause the circuit breaker to disconnect the source.
摘要翻译：一种采用变压器的接地故障断路器电路，其初级绕组分别与配电系统的两个导体串联。变压器的多匝次级绕组被来自导体的电流连续地激励，以在变压器芯中产生一个连续的磁通量，其量值基本上等于在磁芯中产生的磁通量，该流量通过流过的差动电流而产生的磁通量相等在存在最小不可接受幅度的故障电流时的初级绕组中。在没有故障的情况下，通过次级绕组的稳定电流启动感测电路，其允许断路器将源连接到导体。在导体上存在故障时，磁芯中的磁通变为零或反相，并且感测电路对其进行响应，以使断路器断开电源。

50. 发明授权

US3795841A Shock protecting circuit breaker for two circuits with common neutral 失效
标题翻译：具有普通中性的两节电路的保护断路器
公开(公告)号：US3795841A
公开(公告)日：1974-03-05
申请号：US3795841D
申请日：1972-07-19
申请人： GEN ELECTRIC
发明人： KLEIN K
IPC分类号： H02H3/33 , H02H3/28
CPC分类号： H02H3/33
摘要： An electrical protective system comprising a panel assembly including an enclosure with two main incoming power bus bars having, in use, a given voltage between them, and a main neutral terminal having, in use, a voltage midway between the voltages of the aforesaid two conductors, combined with a unitary protective device comprising two electric circuit breakers each connected to a different one of the two power bus bars and each having a load terminal for connection to the outgoing load conductor of a separate load circuit to be protected. The protective device also includes a neutral terminal connected to the main neutral terminal and a load return conductor terminal for connection to a load return conductor which is common to the two circuits being protected. The protective device also includes means for monitoring the algebraic sum of the currents in the three load conductors comprising the two outgoing load conductors and the common load return conductor and for causing automatic opening of both of the circuit breakers if and when the algebraic sum of the currents in the three conductors exceeds a predetermined small amount, such, for example, as 5 milliamperes, whereby each of the protected circuits is protected against damage by ground fault currents, and whereby human beings are protected from possibly lethal electric shock by coming in contact with high potential points of either of the two circuits.
摘要翻译：一种电气保护系统，包括面板组件，其包括具有两个主输入功率母线的外壳，所述主输入功率母线在使用中具有在它们之间的给定电压，以及在使用中具有上述两个导体的电压之间的电压的主要中性点结合包括两个电气断路器的单一保护装置，每个电路断路器都连接到两个电力母线中的不同的一个，并且每个具有用于连接到待保护的单独负载电路的输出负载导体的负载端子。保护装置还包括连接到主中性线端子的中性端子和用于连接到被保护的两个电路共用的负载回路导体的负载回路导体端子。保护装置还包括用于监测包括两个输出负载导体和公共负载回路导体的三个负载导体中的电流的代数和的装置，并且用于当两个断路器的代数和三根导体中的电流超过预定的小量，例如5毫安，由此保护的每个保护电路不受接地故障电流的损害，并且通过接触来保护人类免受可能致命的电击具有两个电路中的任一个的高电位点。

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