The invention relates to a method for spreading a ceramic protection layer on a blast furnace tuyere surface by utilizing self-propagation, which comprises the steps as follows: surface abrasive blasting is carried out, and aluminium powders and copper oxide powders are mixed up, and then are put in a baking box or a box type resistance furnace to be dried for 5 to 12 hours; then the part of a tuyere small sleeve to be coated with ceramic powders is thinned 3 to 5mm; 3 to 15 circles of heating resistance wires are evenly fixed inside a tuyere along the direction parallel or vertical to the tuyere; the dried aluminium powders and the copper oxide powders are evenly mixed with a caking agent of 2 to 6wt percent, then the mixed powders are confected into a paste which is evenly coated on the tuyere surface that is processed through superficial treatment, and igniter powders that is potassium chlorate of 3 to 5g are added to a certain part of the coated powders in a concentrative manner; and the resistance wires are electrified for 3 to 20 minutes, then electrification is switched off, the igniter powders is ignited, the self-propagation reaction of the powders is actuated, and then the powders are cooled naturally. The alloy layer permeating thickness of the blast furnace tuyere surface processed by the method can reach 3 to 5mm, and the service life can be prolonged to 4 to 6 times of the original service life.