The invention relates to a device and method for realizing broadband digital magnetic resonance radio frequency receiving. The device comprises a radio frequency receiving signal conditioner, a clock phase jitter suppressor, a high-speed analog to digital converter and a digital down converter, wherein the radio frequency receiving signal conditioner conducts front-end voltage amplification and anti-aliasing filtering for a magnetic resonance signal received by an external device; the clock phase jitter suppressor is used for suppressing phase jitter of a system clock and providing a high-stability clock source in a picosecond or femtosecond order of magnitude for the high-speed analog to digital converter and the digital down converter; the high-speed analog to digital converter is used for realizing digitalized conversion of the radio frequency receiving signal; and the digital down converter is used for conducting orthogonal coherent detection, filtering and frequency down conversion for data output by the high-speed analog to digital converter to obtain broadband data, of a real part and an imaginary part, to be output to the external device. The device can ensure higher channel signal to noise ratio, realizes orthogonal coherent detection and conducts accurate control for nuclear magnetic resonance signal receiving phases. In the process of applying a direct oversampling or undersampling technology, the device can ensure good receiving channel signal to noise ratio and has good instantaneity.