The invention provides a polymer foam forming and processing method and a foam forming device for implementing the method. The method comprises the following steps of: separately arranging a green mold for molding the green mold and a shaping mold used for shaping the green mold in different spaces, and respectively providing the green mold or the shaping mold due to the environmental pressure conditions required in the foam forming and processing process, so that the mutual interference state caused by the operation of putting the green mold and the shaping mold in the same space is avoided, the flexibility of the process is improved, the yield is increased, and the limited space is efficiently utilized; moreover, the device is used for implementing the method, namely a plurality of modules are fixedly arranged on a rotatable bearing disc at equal distances, so that each module sequentially passes a specific operating workstation along with rotation of the bearing disc; and therefore, the program required to be implemented by each workstation is repeated operation, the processing efficiency is improved, the manual labor is saved, and the equipment idling and waste are avoided.