The invention discloses a distributed graph coloring link dispatch scheme of a wireless sensor network based on a graph coloring algorithm. According to the scheme, firstly, partial interference information is obtained through packet switching among nodes; secondly, a graph vertex coloring analysis is carried out on a generated localized network conflict graph; thirdly, the conflict-free time slot allocation of a wireless sensor network link is obtained. To improve the coloring success rate, two mechanisms are provided. One mechanism is a broadcast safeguard mechanism for improving the broadcast information delivery rate, and the other mechanism is a conflict processing mechanism for solving the coloring conflict problem. According to the distributed link dispatch scheme, the problems of packet loss, delay and the like caused by multi-hop transmission are solved, and the transmitting energy consumption is reduced. The result of the network simulation shows that the distributed graph coloring link dispatch scheme has the advantages over a conventional link dispatch method on the aspects of energy consumption, the space reusing rate, the packet loss probability and the like.