The invention provides a winding device and a fuelling vehicle. The winding device comprises a winding frame, a guide assembly mounted on the winding frame and a damping device mounted on the guide assembly, wherein the winding frame comprises a central shaft and a baffle plate; the guide assembly comprises a two-way lead screw and a guide element which sleeves the two-way lead screw, and cable-pipe inlet and outlet are formed in the guide element; the damping device comprises a U-shaped damping roller, a spring connected with the U-shaped damping roller and the guide element, respectively, and a locking device for controlling the angle of rotation of the U-shaped damping roller with an end thereof as a rotation point. The damping device, under the control of the locking device, is capable of applying resistance to a cable or a pipe on the winding device according to requirements, so that the cable or the pipe can be tightly wound around a central shaft of the winding device when being reeled, and when the cable or the pipe is unreeled, the cable or the pipe can be quickly unreeled without being affected by the resistance. The winding device is capable of keeping the cable or the pipe wound around the central shaft regular and tidy, and also capable of guaranteeing quick unreeling of the cable or the pipe.