The invention discloses a hydrocyclone wear-resistant ceramic liner and a preparation method thereof. The hydrocyclone wear-resistant ceramic liner is prepared from the following active ingredients in percentage by weight: 2%-8% of yttrium oxide, 2%-10% of aluminum oxide, 14%-20% of carbon fiber, and 65%-80% of silicon carbide. The ceramic liner adopts the technology of rare earth materials of aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide and the like, the low-temperature yttroalumite formed in the sintering process is beneficial to compactness of a silicon carbide liner, and the porosity of the product is reduced; simultaneously taking the large crispness characteristic of the silicon carbide, carbon fibers are added into active ingredients, so that the phenomena of deviating crack propagation, pulling out the fibers and the like can occur under the presence of the carbon fibers, and further the breakage tenacity of the product can be enhanced. The ceramic liner has the characteristics of being low in porosity, good in wear resistance and tenacity, and easy to produce, the service life of a heavy medium hydrocyclone applying the ceramic liner can be prolonged by more than one year which is far longer than three to five months of the conventional corundum liner, so that the service life of the heavy medium hydrocyclone is greatly prolonged; and the hydrocyclone wear-resistant ceramic liner can be widely applied in the field of mining industry and the like having higher requirement on wear resistance.