The invention discloses an embedded type penstock backfill grouting structure and a grouting technology. The grouting structure comprises a penstock and a water draining opening formed in the outside the penstock, wherein a plurality of longitudinal grouting pipes and a plurality of transverse grouting pipes are embedded in the outer side of the penstock through backfill concrete, pneumatically placed concrete is arranged on the outer surface of the backfill concrete, the water draining opening is provided with rock holes in which grouting pipes are embedded, and the grouting pipes are communicated with the longitudinal grouting pipes and the transverse grouting pipes. The grouting technology comprises the steps of drilling, pipe embedding, grouting, grouting completing, hole sealing and quality checking. The grouting structure is arranged in cooperation with the water draining opening, the grouting pipes embedded in the rock holes are communicated with the grouting pipes embedded outside the penstock, grouting is performed by adopting the pushing grouting method, so that the penstock and surrounding rock bear force in a linkage mode, it is guaranteed that pressure of internal water is transmitted fully, whole stress of the penstock, the concrete and the surrounding rock is guaranteed, and the problem of the void between the backfill concrete and the surrounding rock is solved.