The invention provides a novel Stirling heat engine adopting air or water or refrigerants as a work medium. The circulation of the novel Stirling heat engine is composed of two loops. The novel Stirling heat engine structurally comprises an isovolumetric heat emitting and isothermal heat emitting compression acting air cylinder #1, an isovolumetric heat emitting and isothermal heat emitting compression acting air cylinder #2, a side A and a side B of an isovolumetric heat absorption temperature-rise air cylinder, an expansion machine or a double-axis double-action type air cylinder, a heat exchange system, a pressure control valve, a temperature control valve, a sealed container and other main parts, and acts by using pressure inside the sealed container, thereby being higher in output power and efficiency compared with a common heat engine.