The invention discloses a real-time signal acquiring and processing system, and belongs to the technical field of electronics. The real-time signal acquiring and processing system is characterized by comprising a signal acquiring board and a control board of an upper computer, wherein the signal acquiring board comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a multi-channel selecting switch, a digital-to-analog converter and a control chip; the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the multi-channel selection switch; the multi-channel selection switch is connected with the digital-to-analog converter; the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the control chip; the signal acquiring board is connected with the control board of the upper computer through a bus. Through the adoption of the combined manner of the signal acquiring board and the control board of the upper computer, the real-time acquisition and processing of signals are realized; the number of devices for a circuit board is greatly decreased, the cost of a system is further reduced, and the reliability of the system is improved. The signal acquiring and processing system disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, is easy to operate, and is suitable for popularization and use.