The invention relates to a biomedical energy-storage and temperature-adjusting fibrous membrane and a preparation method thereof. The fibrous membrane is composed of 50 to 80 percents of regenerated silk protein and 20 to 50 percents of polyethylene glycol. The polyethylene glycol and the regenerated silk protein are combined through a hydrogen-bond interaction. The regenerated silk protein is used as basis materials. The polyethylene glycol is used as phase energy storage materials. The preparation method of the biomedical energy-storage and temperature-adjusting fibrous membrane comprises the steps that the polyethylene glycol with weight-average molecular weight ranging from 600 to 1000 is added to aqueous solution of the regenerated silk protein to obtain spinning solution, and the fibrous membrane is obtained through electrostatic spinning. The preparation method of the biomedical energy-storage and temperature-adjusting fibrous membrane has the advantages of being simple, convenient, environmental-protection, free from pollution and low in cost and is suitable for industrial production; the fibrous membrane has excellent temperature adjusting performance and proper mechanical property, biocompatibility is good, and the fibrous membrane can be applied to the fields of wound healing, tissue regeneration and the like.