The invention relates to an anode assembly product quality control device and method, belonging to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum production. The anode assembly product quality control device comprises a resistivity detector, an accumulation-release underslung conveyer and a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein the accumulation-release underslung conveyer is provided with a turnout, a stopper and a full-position detection switch; the anode assembly product stops in the position of the resistivity detector, and the resistivity detector performs detection on the resistivity of the anode product; the PLC determines the quality type according to the resistivity of the anode product; and the PLC controls the direction of the turnover, so that the anode assembly product enters the corresponding group waiting region, the corresponding full-position detection switch transmits a full-position signal to the PLC when the corresponding group waiting region is full, and the PLC controls the stopper of the waiting region to release the anode product in the region to enter the unloading station or residual anode depressurizing procedure. Only qualified products are allowed to enter the electrolysis procedure, thereby implementing quality control on the assembly anode product; the products with the same resistivity are stored in the same group; and each electrolysis bath can use the anodes with the same resistivity.