The invention relates to an ultra-high-performance cement-based bridge deck slab poured with ultra-high-performance cement-based composite materials. The cement-based bridge deck slab meets the conditions that H/B<=0.03, h/B<=0.025, H>=h+15 mm, 1<=L/B<=4, B1, B2 and B4>=30 mm, B3>=40 mm, b/B=0.05-0.15, b<=L1<=b+B1, the reinforcement ratio of the middle section of the bridge deck slab is 1%-10%, the reinforcement ratio of the reinforcing sections on the two sides of the bridge deck slab is 5%-15%, the rib material yield strength is larger than or equal to 400 MPa, and the self weight is smaller than or equal to 240 kg/m<2>. According to the ultra-high-performance cement-based bridge deck slab poured with the ultra-high-performance cement-based composite materials, due to the fact that the cement-based composite materials with the ultra-high strength and high-strength rib materials are adopted, not only is the high bearing capacity achieved, but also the advantages that the self weight is small (only accounts for 20%-40% of that of an ordinary reinforced concrete bridge deck slab), the fatigue resistance, the corrosion resistance and the long life (the theoretical life can be more than 150 years) are achieved, installation is quick, time and labor are saved (the construction amount and the construction period are both reduced by 50%-70% than those of the ordinary reinforced concrete bridge deck slab) are achieved, and the cement-based bridge deck slab can be applied to new projects of small-medium bridges or existing bridge upgrading projects in the fields of roads, railways and the like.