The invention discloses a rolling heat treatment technology for improving the strength and plasticity of a 6063 aluminium alloy. The rolling heat treatment technology comprises the following steps that the aluminium alloy is subjected to annealing treatment for 1h, with the annealing temperature being kept between 505 degrees and 515 degrees; the aluminium alloy after the annealing treatment is subjected to water quenching treatment, and after the temperature of the aluminium alloy reaches room temperature, the aluminium alloy is immediately put in a ready refrigerating chamber for refrigerating storage; the refrigerated aluminium alloy is subjected to rolling treatment within the temperature range of minus 200 degrees to minus 190 degrees by a ready rolling mill till an aluminium alloy sample of which the thickness is decreased by 80% is obtained, wherein the aluminium alloy is required to be submerged in liquid nitrogen for 10-15 before and after each pass reduction treatment and the pass reduction is 5%; the aluminium alloy sample is subjected to warm rolling treatment within the temperature range of 195 degrees to 205 degrees till the reduction reaches 50%, wherein the pass reduction is 20%, and the aluminium alloy sample is required to be heated to 200 degrees and be subjected to heat preservation for 4-5min before and after each pass warm rolling; and the aluminium alloy after the treatment is subjected to heat preservation at 100 degrees for 60h.