The invention relates to a shallow soil taking assembly for geological prospecting. The shallow soil taking assembly comprises a soil taking sleeve and a soil taking device. The side wall of the soil taking sleeve is provided with soil taking grooves which penetrate through the inner side and the outer side of the soil taking sleeve and are parallel to the axis of the soil taking groove, and the soil taking grooves are symmetrically formed in the radial direction of the soil taking sleeve; the soil taking device comprises a U-shaped frame, the U-shaped frame comprises a fixed inserting plate and a fixed supporting plate, a movable inserting plate parallel to the fixed inserting plate is mounted between the fixed inserting plate and the fixed supporting plate, and the movable inserting plate is movably mounted on a guide rod between the fixed inserting plate and the fixed supporting plate; the fixed supporting plate is further spirally provided with a clamping screw, and the side wall of the soil taking sleeve is further provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping screw; the fixed inserting plate and the movable inserting plate are inserted into the two opposite soil taking grooves, and the end of the clamping screw abuts against the movable inserting plate in a squeezing mode; the outer side of the U-shaped frame is provided with a squeezing and pushing structure for squeezing and pushing the soil taking sleeve.