A graphite furnace atomizer is provided and used for detecting a sample. The graphite furnace atomizer comprises a base plate, a first detection unit mounted on the base plate and a second detection unit mounted on the base plate. The first detection unit can detect the sample by applying an atomic absorption method, and is provided with an incident light path allowing incident light to pass and a first emergent light path allowing first emergent light to pass. The incident light path and the first emergent light path are communicated and disposed at the same central axis. The second detection unit can detect the sample by applying an atomic fluorescence method, and is provided with a lower graphite tube used for containing the sample and a second emergent light path allowing second emergent light to pass. The second emergent light path is communicated with a point where the incident light path and the first emergent light path are communicated. The second emergent light path and the incident light path form an angle alpha, and the alpha is smaller than 170 degrees and larger than 10 degrees. The graphite furnace atomizer is adapted to atomic absorption method detection and atomic fluorescence method detection.