The invention discloses a portable data acquisition and analysis instrument, which comprises a core control unit, a switch quantity acquisition unit, an analog quantity acquisition unit, a communication unit, a storage battery power supply unit and a notebook computer, wherein I/O ports of the switch quantity acquisition unit and the analog quantity acquisition unit are in bidirectional connection with corresponding ports of the core control unit, and a communication port of the core control unit is connected with the notebook computer via the communication unit; and a power supply port of the storage battery power supply unit is connected with a power supply end of the core control unit, the switch quantity acquisition unit, the analog quantity acquisition unit and the communication unit. The portable data acquisition and analysis instrument is provided with 8-channel switch quantity and 8-channel analog quantity synchronous acquisition, can meet various test requirements, increases the test flexibility, reduce the invested cost of instruments and equipment while ensuring the precision of data acquisition, adds a data analysis and processing function, brings convenience for the testers, does not require external power supply for supplying power, omits the workload of connecting and guiding a power line, and reduces the difficulty of work.