The invention provides a high-performance composite hollow cathode lamp and a using method thereof. The cathode lamp comprises a lamp housing, a lamp base, an anode, a main cathode and an auxiliary cathode. The main cathode includes a composite main cathode and a single main cathode. The anode, the main cathode and the auxiliary cathode extend to a power supply and a control module by a connecting end connected to the lamp base. In addition, according to the using method, the power supply of the high-performance composite hollow cathode lamp and the control module connected to the high-performance composite hollow cathode lamp are activated; the control module is used for realizing adjustment of different working states of the high-performance composite hollow cathode lamp and on-line real-time switching usage of combination of multi-element high-performance, single-element high-performance, multi-element common-performance, and single-element common-performance states or a single state. The high-performance composite hollow cathode lamp can be used for replacing the common hollow cathode lamp or be used as a composite light source with the approaching-wavelength background deducting function, so that single-element and multi-element measurement application of an atomic absorption spectrometer and an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer.