The invention relates to a collection system for measuring and reporting seawater salinity distribution by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle based on Beidou navigation and positioning, which belongsto the technical field of Beidou navigation and positioning application. A salinity sensor A submits measured salinity data information of seawater on the sea surface to an unmanned aerial vehicle byvirtue of a wireless communication apparatus, a salinity sensor B submits the salinity data information measured at a position 10m in the seawater to the unmanned aerial vehicle by virtue of the wireless communication apparatus, a salinity sensor C submits the salinity data information measured at a position 20m in the seawater to the unmanned aerial vehicle by virtue of the wireless communication apparatus, and an electronic computer in the unmanned aerial vehicle processes the received salinity information into a seawater salinity distribution diagram of a seawater vertical depth below a sea surface load bearing platform. A fixed base station installed on the sea surface load bearing platform transmits a differential signal, a Beidou satellite positioning terminal A and a Beidou satellite positioning terminal B receive the differential signal and correct a measurement result so as to acquire the high-precision positioning location service of the sea surface load bearing platform.