The invention discloses an electric driving system with an integrated caliper disc type three-speed planetary transmission device at two ends. The electric driving system comprises a third-gear planetary transmission device, a motor rotor, a motor stator, a motor shaft, an intermediate shaft, a two-gear planetary transmission device, a first-gear brake, a second-gear brake and a third-gear brake.The motor shaft is a hollow shaft, the motor rotor is connected with the motor stator in a matched mode, and the motor shaft is fixedly connected with the motor rotor. The motor shaft is respectivelyconnected with the third-gear planetary transmission device and the two-gear planetary transmission device; the intermediate shaft penetrates through the motor shaft and is connected with the third-gear planetary transmission device and the two-gear planetary transmission device respectively; the intermediate shaft extends out of a first-gear rotating arm to be connected with an output flange; thethird-gear brake is connected with the third-gear planetary transmission device, and the first-gear brake and the second-gear brake are connected with the two-gear planetary transmission device. Thesize and the weight of the motor are effectively reduced, the transmission efficiency and the reliability are improved, and the cost is reduced.