The invention discloses a resourceful treatment method for high-concentration heavy metal waste liquid in a hydrochloric acid system. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out sand filtration on the waste liquid, so as to remove non-soluble substances; (2) introducing the waste liquid into a waste liquid feeding tank I, adding calcium chloride, starting a first-stage membrane distillation system, recycling a high-purity membrane distillation solution, monitoring membrane flux and Cl<-> content in a membrane passing solution, carrying out waste liquid reflux so as to realize circular membrane distillation, and turning to the next procedure when the Cl<-> content is no longer decreased; (3) introducing the waste liquid into a waste liquid feeding tank II, starting a second-stage membrane distillation system, recycling membrane passing water, monitoring membrane flux and the water conductivity of produced water, carrying out waste liquid reflux so as to realize circular membrane distillation, and turning to the next procedure when the waste liquid is concentrated to a required supersaturation degree; and (4) cooling the waste liquid concentrated to the supersaturationstate, recycling crystalized heavy metal salt, and returning residual liquid to the step (3) for circulation. According to the resourceful treatment method, the recycling of resources such as hydrochloric acid water and metals in the waste liquid and the innocent treatment of the waste liquid can be realized.