The invention discloses a short flow process for preparing high-purity cobalt from a low-content nickel-cobalt bioleaching solution. The short flow process for preparing the high-purity cobalt from the low-content nickel-cobalt bioleaching solution comprises the following steps that (1) a combined extractant is added into a diluent Mextral DT100 to prepare an organic phase; (2) co-extraction is carried out on the nickel-cobalt bioleaching solution at an initial pH of 1.5 to 3.0 and an equilibrium pH of 3.0 to 4.0; (3) sulfuric acid is added in the organic phase for back extraction to realize nickel-cobalt preconcentration and deep purification; (4) double-extractant extraction resin is prepared; and (5) a HAc-NaAc buffer solution with pH of 3.0 to 5.5 and the sulfuric acid with pH of 1.0 to 3.5 are separately used for two-stage gradient leaching, and a cobalt-containing rich solution obtained by leaching is concentrated and then subjected to electrolytic deposition to obtain a cathodecobalt product. The short flow process for preparing the high-purity cobalt from the low-content nickel-cobalt bioleaching solution has the advantages of multilevel and high efficiency, high selectivity, good mass transfer effect and the like, the purification separation purification efficiency of the cobalt solution is improved, and simple process, easy operation and little environmental pollution are achieved.