The invention discloses a double-code-stream face resolution fidelity video coding and decoding method for Internet of Things monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: firstly extracting face elements in a monitoring video image, and employing an MTCNN convolution neural network to detect and track a face; then, down-sampling and encoding the original monitoring video to obtain a low-resolution base layer code stream; and then, filling an area corresponding to the upsampled image with the original resolution image of the face, subtracting the upsampled restored image of the low-resolution image to obtain difference information of a face area, and encoding the difference information to obtain a face restoration layer code stream. The invention further provides a corresponding decodingmethod. A double-code-stream face recovery decoding algorithm is adopted, and a monitoring picture with fidelity of the local resolution of the face is obtained through decoding. Local resolution fidelity images of face high definition and background low definition are fused. Rich detail information of key areas in scene elements is reserved. Video coding rate is greatly reduced, the compressionrate of monitoring videos is increased, and the method has very high practicability.