The invention relates to a short-wave multi-channel parallel direct acquisition and receiving system. The system comprises a power supply unit, a radio-frequency signal processing unit and a digital signal processing unit, the power supply unit supplies power to the system; wherein the radio frequency signal processing unit comprises an input protection circuit, a 30MHz low-pass filter, an eight-path preselection multiplexer filter, an eight-path numerical control attenuator, an eight-path front high-linearity low-noise amplifier and a clock circuit which are connected in sequence; the digitalsignal processing unit comprises eight ADC sampling circuits, an FPGA circuit, a DSP circuit and an audio line output circuit which are connected in sequence, the eight ADC sampling circuits are connected with the eight front high-linearity low-noise amplifiers in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the DSP circuit is connected with a network interface, and the DSP circuit communicates with an upper computer. According to the invention, the advantage that a short-wave full-band signal direct acquisition and receiving system is completely wide-open can be fully utilized, and the problem of insufficient anti-interference performance can be solved.