The invention discloses a portable medical thoracoscopy, which comprises an operation part, a display screen is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the upper end of the operation part, and an insertion part is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the middle of the lower end of the operation part. According to the medical thoracoscopy, the insertion part is characterized in that an upper-section soft part with a length of 10cm, a middle-section hard part is 20cm and a lower-section soft part is 15cm, the middle-section hard part is inserted into the chest wall, the direction of the lower-section soft part can be adjusted in the thoracic cavity, which is convenient observation, the upper-section soft part is convenient for the display screen and the operation part to adjust the direction, an aperture is ultra-fine and only conventional puncture is needed, only pleural cavity puncture is needed, when pleural effusion is drained, the pleural cavity can be observed through the electronic display screen, the pleural biopsy diagnosis can be conducted, the portable medical thoracoscopy can be safely operated by old patients with poor lung functions, the application range is wider, the whole portable medical thoracoscopy is light and convenient to carry, a special examination site does not need to be provided, people can use the portable medical thoracoscopy conveniently, andcertain use prospects are achieved.