A smart home energy real-time detection device based on the HPLC technology comprises a power supply unit, a central processing unit, a storage unit, an HPLC communication unit and a wireless communication unit, the central processing unit is connected with the power supply unit, the storage unit, the HPLC communication unit and the wireless communication unit. The HPLC communication unit performscommunication with a home smart electric meter. The wireless communication unit performs interaction with a mobile terminal. The home-level real-time energy detection system can be applied to home-level real-time energy detection, real-time energy detection does not need interaction between a user and a main station of an electric power company, and the system is convenient to implement. In addition, the invention further discloses a corresponding method, real-time energy detection of families and electricity users is achieved through the method, carrier interaction communication is performedbetween the families and the electricity meters of the corresponding families through the energy detection units of the families, and finally a family-level real-time energy detection scheme is achieved through wireless communication.