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51. 发明授权

US5944453A Undercut excavation with protection against seismic events or excessive ground movement 失效
标题翻译：底切开挖，防止地震事件或地面运动过度
公开(公告)号：US5944453A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US57874
申请日：1998-04-09
申请人： Charles M. Gryba
发明人： Charles M. Gryba
IPC分类号： E02D17/00 , E02D27/34 , E02D29/045 , E02D5/30
CPC分类号： E02D29/045 , E02D17/00 , E02D2250/00
摘要： An undercut excavation method is provided, which is particularly suitable as an undercut-and-fill mining method, wherein concrete posts are inserted into holes drilled in the ground and are used to support a concrete floor poured on their top ends, which serves as a roof for the lower excavation level. The bottom ends of these posts rest on resilient elements to provide protection against seismic events or excessive ground movements. Excavation beneath such roof is thereby safely carried out in areas prone to seismic events such as rock bursts or earth quakes or to excessive ground movements. The concrete posts may be attached to the resilient elements at their bottom ends, thereby producing yielding posts suitable for such excavation. For still greater safety, a double post system may be used, which involves placing a second post beside the first after excavation on a given level and tying them all together with the concrete used to make the floor/roof for the next lower level of excavation. In mining this is called double-post mining or DPM.
摘要翻译：提供了一种底切挖掘方法，其特别适合作为底切和开采方法，其中将混凝土柱插入钻入地下的孔中，并用于支撑浇注在其顶端上的混凝土地板，其用作屋顶为较低的挖掘水平。这些柱的底端位于弹性元件上，以提供防止地震事件或过大地面运动的保护。因此，在这样的屋顶下的挖掘由此可以安全地进行在诸如岩石爆发或地震之类的地震事件的地区或过度的地面运动。混凝土柱可以在其底端处附接到弹性元件，从而产生适合于这种挖掘的屈服柱。为了更大的安全性，可以使用双柱系统，其中包括在给定水平上的第一次挖掘之后放置第二柱，并将它们与用于制造地板/屋顶的混凝土捆绑在一起，用于下一较低的挖掘水平。在采矿中，这称为双后采矿或DPM。

52. 发明授权

US5855452A Method for excavating rock cavities 失效
标题翻译：挖掘岩洞的方法
公开(公告)号：US5855452A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US719007
申请日：1996-09-24
申请人： Karl Ivar Sagefors
发明人： Karl Ivar Sagefors
IPC分类号： E02D29/045 , E21D13/00 , E21D13/02 , E02D29/00
CPC分类号： E21D13/00
摘要： In a method for excavating rock cavities in the form of substantially cylindrical, vertical or low placed rock cavities for the storage of gas, fluid, solid products or for another purpose, one first, from a transport tunnel (2), excavates an upper circular room (3). From this circular room (3), one excavates the roof shape of the rock cavity (1) to be; and then, from a second transport tunnel (7) excavates a second annular tunnel (5) from a middle level in the rock cavity (1) to be. From the second transport tunnel (7), one also excavates a lower circular room (8) situated on a level which is substantially at the level where the lowest level of the rock cavity (1) to be, is. At this lowest level one excavates a third annular tunnel (13); between the circular room (8) and the third annular tunnel (13) provides tap holes (9). From the second annular tunnel (5), stopping is carried out in a substantially annular vertical or inclined zone from the middle level to the lowest level and removes blasted rock mass through the tap holes (9). One then separates a substantially conical roof volume (10) above the annular room (8) whereafter, finally, a remaining, central, substantially cylindrical rock pillar (14), substantially placed above the annular room (8), is blasted completely or partly at one or more events and rock mass obtained is removed via the tap holes (9).
摘要翻译：在用于开采用于储存气体，流体，固体产品或用于另一目的的大致圆柱形，垂直或低放置的岩石腔形式的岩石腔的方法中，首先从运输隧道（2）挖掘上部圆形房间（3）。从这个圆形房间（3），一个挖掘岩腔（1）的屋顶形状; 然后从第二输送隧道（7）从岩腔（1）中的中间层挖出第二环形隧道（5）。从第二运输隧道（7）还可以挖出位于水平面上的下部圆形房间（8），该水平面基本上处于要成为岩层（1）的最低水平的水平面上。在这个最低层，挖掘第三个环形隧道（13）; 在圆形室（8）和第三环形通道（13）之间提供抽头孔（9）。从第二环形通道（5）开始，在从中间水平到最低水平的大致环形的垂直或倾斜区域中进行停止，并且通过排水孔（9）去除爆破的岩体。然后，将环形室（8）上方的基本上圆锥形的屋顶容积（10）分离开，然后，最后，基本上放置在环形室（8）上方的剩余的中心的基本圆柱形的岩石柱（14）被完全地或部分地喷射在一个或多个事件中，获得的岩体通过排水孔（9）被去除。

53. 发明授权

US5832680A Underground construction 失效
标题翻译：地下施工
公开(公告)号：US5832680A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US814891
申请日：1997-03-21
申请人： Ko Muroi
发明人： Ko Muroi
IPC分类号： E02D29/00 , E02D29/045 , E04H6/10 , F24F7/04
CPC分类号： F24F7/04 , E02D29/045 , E04H6/10
摘要： An underground construction has: a circumference wall forming therein a cone shaped space; plural support members located at the circumference of the cone shaped space at vertically the same height; floor construction bodies each having plural bed beams and a floor portion, the ends of the bed beams being supported by the support members, and the floor portions being disposed in the middle of the cone shaped space at a fixed interval from the circumference wall. No pillars for supporting the floors are needed, thereby leaving a maximum clear space on the floors for use.
摘要翻译：地下结构具有：形成圆锥形空间的圆周壁; 多个支撑构件位于圆锥形空间的圆周垂直相同的高度处; 每个具有多个床梁和地板部分的地板结构体，床梁的端部由支撑构件支撑，并且地板部分以与圆周壁固定的间隔设置在锥形空间的中间。不需要支撑地板的支柱，从而在地板上留出最大的空间供使用。

54. 发明授权

US5351353A Bridge or tunnel construction 失效
标题翻译：桥梁或隧道施工
公开(公告)号：US5351353A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-04
申请号：US861257
申请日：1992-03-31
申请人： Darryl F. Walters
发明人： Darryl F. Walters
IPC分类号： E01D4/00 , E02D29/045 , E21D11/00 , E21D11/08 , E01D7/00 , E04B1/32 , E21D9/00
CPC分类号： E21D11/08 , E02D29/045
摘要： A bridge or tunnel construction consisting of one or more arch units (10), each unit formed from a pair of reinforced concrete arch segments (11 and 12) interconnected to form the crown of the arch unit with the arch unit or units being overlaid with a compacted interacting soil layer.
摘要翻译：由一个或多个拱形单元（10）组成的桥梁或隧道结构，每个单元由一对互连以形成拱形单元的冠部的一对钢筋混凝土拱形段（11和12）形成，拱形单元被覆盖有一个压实的相互作用的土层。

55. 发明授权

US5011331A Method and structural elements for construction underground garages 失效
标题翻译：施工地下车库的方法和结构要素
公开(公告)号：US5011331A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-30
申请号：US439294
申请日：1989-11-20
申请人： Amedeo Clavarino
发明人： Amedeo Clavarino
IPC分类号： E02D7/20 , E02D29/045
CPC分类号： E02D7/20 , E02D29/045
摘要： A method for constructing underground garage parking units comprises a step of excavating two parallel trenches into which are subsequently sunk preformed reinforced concrete frames each composed of two vertical pillars with an "H"-shaped cross-section and upper and lower horizontal connecting beams disposed between them. The vertical grooves forming the "H" sections being opposed and constituting a guide for the insertion of a plurality of sheet piles so as to form continuous retaining walls in said trenches. The lower of the plurality of sheet piles being subsequently removable with a sideways movement, after excavation of a corridor by removal of the earth between said two walls, for insertion of prefabricated garages at an oblique or right angle into the vertical portions of earth thus uncovered. The upper beams of the frame constituting a support for the floors of the corridor and the pillars having their vertical grooved faces preferably at a sufficient angle, with respect to a vertical plane perpendicular to the walls, as to constitute a guide for insertion of the garages.

56. 发明授权

US4900197A Process for holding up the lateral walls of deep ditches 失效
标题翻译：夹紧深沟沟侧壁的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4900197A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-13
申请号：US229224
申请日：1988-08-05
申请人： Jacob Ward
发明人： Jacob Ward
IPC分类号： E02D17/08 , E02D20060101 , E02D27/30 , E02D29/045 , E02D31/10
CPC分类号： E02D29/045
摘要： The invention relates to a process for propping or supporting the vertical support walls of deep ditches.After having freely constructed the ditch, to a depth compatible with the resistance of the support walls (1), a ring-shaped plate (3) is provided at the bottom of the ditch, which bears at its periphery against the vertical support walls (1), and which rests on the bottom of the ditch; after the setting of this ring-shaped plate (3), it is attached to the upper part of the support walls (1) for being supported, by means of braces (5); and then, the ditchs is continued, through the orifice (4) of the ring-shaped plate (3), down to the bottom of the work.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于支撑或支撑深沟渠垂直支撑壁的方法。在自由地构造沟槽之后，在与支撑壁（1）的抵抗力相适应的深度处，在沟槽的底部设置有环形板（3），其在其周边处抵靠垂直支撑壁（ 1），位于沟渠底部; 在该环形板（3）的设置之后，通过支架（5）将其安装到支撑壁（1）的上部以被支撑。然后，通过环形板（3）的孔口（4），沟槽继续下降到工件的底部。

57. 发明授权

US4371292A Gravity structure 失效
标题翻译：重力结构
公开(公告)号：US4371292A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US159629
申请日：1980-06-16
申请人： Munetoshi Takahashi , Takashi Kato
发明人： Munetoshi Takahashi , Takashi Kato
IPC分类号： E02B3/06 , E02B3/04 , E02B3/16 , E02D23/00 , E02D23/16 , E02D29/045 , E04C5/20 , E21D13/00 , E02D5/74
CPC分类号： E02D23/16 , E02B3/04
摘要： A gravity structure such as caisson, concrete block or L-shaped block that is used in the construction work of breakwaters, seawalls, and wharfs. The gravity structure of the invention is stable and hardly moved by external force such as wave force, and is characterized in that a plurality of unit friction members are disposed in the bottom surface of a concrete body, said unit fraction members increasing the coefficient of friction between the surface of foundation and said concrete body, and said unit friction members are so embedded integrally in said concrete body that the bottom surfaces of unit fraction members are brought into contact with the foundation surface.
摘要翻译：一种重力结构，如沉井，混凝土块或L形块，用于防波堤，海堤和码头的施工工作。本发明的重力结构是稳定的并且几乎不受诸如波浪的外力的移动，并且其特征在于，多个单元摩擦构件设置在混凝土体的底表面中，所述单元分数构件增加摩擦系数在基础表面和所述混凝土体之间，所述单元摩擦构件一体地嵌入所述混凝土体中，使得单元分段构件的底面与基础表面接触。

58. 发明授权

US11329469B2 Apparatus to limit event energy 有权
公开(公告)号：US11329469B2
公开(公告)日：2022-05-10
申请号：US16729908
申请日：2019-12-30
申请人： Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.
发明人： Michael Donohue , Colleen Murach , Stanley Lewis
IPC分类号： B01D53/02 , H02G9/06 , H02G3/04 , E02D29/045 , C04B14/18
摘要： An apparatus for limiting event energy in an underground structure having free space includes: an inner layer configured to envelope and seal an interior volume; an outer layer configured to envelope the inner layer; and, wherein the interior volume includes a volume-occupying material, having a solid material, a semi-solid material, a gaseous material, or any combination of the solid, the semi-solid, and the gaseous material.

59. 发明申请

US20210040759A1 BELOW GRADE FLUID CONTAINMENT 有权
公开(公告)号：US20210040759A1
公开(公告)日：2021-02-11
申请号：US16653579
申请日：2019-10-15
申请人： Blue Tomato, LLC
发明人： Brian D. Morrow
IPC分类号： E04H4/14 , E02B1/00 , E02D29/045
摘要： The present invention is directed to below grade fluid containment structures, which may include a foam floor and a foam wall extending upward from the floor, the foam wall being formed from foam panels. A granular material is provided for reducing hydraulic soil pressure against an exterior face of the foam wall that would otherwise be exerted by the soil, if the soil were allowed to be positioned up against the foam, particularly the foam wall. The well-draining granular material may be gravel, crushed stone, or the like, which provides better drainage as compared to the surrounding soil material. The interior face of the foam is coated with an elastomeric abrasion resistant impact resistant polymeric coating that seals the below grade interior space defined between the floor and the wall in a seamless water-tight configuration.

60. 发明授权

US10662643B2 Removable and replaceable anchored frame-like tunnel gasket construction with soft corners 有权
公开(公告)号：US10662643B2
公开(公告)日：2020-05-26
申请号：US16248243
申请日：2019-01-15
申请人： William C. Andrick , Richard J. Bowers
发明人： William C. Andrick , Richard J. Bowers
IPC分类号： E04B1/68 , E21D11/38 , E02D29/16 , B28B21/56 , E02D29/045 , E21D11/05
摘要： A cast-in-place gasket construction for concrete structures such as tunnel segments includes a gasket body having a bottom face configured to be positioned against a surface of an associated tunnel segment. First and second gasket portions of the construction extend in different directions and are connected to each other at a first joint. The gasket portions are made of an elastomeric material having a first durometer on the Shore A hardness scale. The joint comprises an elastomeric material having a second and lesser durometer on the Shore A hardness scale. A method for replacing a damaged frame-like gasket construction is also disclosed.

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