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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Thermoelectric cooling apparatus
    • 热电冷却装置
    • US5713208A
    • 1998-02-03
    • US627868
    • 1996-04-03
    • Jie ChenJoseph R. AdamskiAli GoshayeshiBruce Janvrin
    • Jie ChenJoseph R. AdamskiAli GoshayeshiBruce Janvrin
    • F25B21/02H01L35/30F25D17/04
    • H01L35/30F25B21/02
    • A thermoelectric cooling apparatus includes a plurality of thermoelectric coolers each having a hot side and a cold side. The cold sides of the thermoelectric coolers are arranged to cool an object. The hot sides of the thermoelectric coolers are provided with a heat sink. The heat sink may include a eutectic material which maintains the hot sides of the thermoelectric coolers at a low temperature so that the cold sides of the thermoelectric coolers are able to maintain the object at a cold temperature. The heat sink may have fins for rejecting heat, and air moving means for moving air over the fins to aid in the rejection of heat from the hot sides of the thermoelectric coolers. The fins may be cooled by the eutectic material.
    • 热电冷却装置包括多个热电冷却器,每个热电冷却器具有热侧和冷侧。 热电冷却器的冷侧布置成冷却物体。 热电冷却器的热侧设有散热器。 散热器可以包括将热电冷却器的热侧保持在低温下的共晶材料,使得热电冷却器的冷侧能够将物体保持在寒冷的温度。 散热器可以具有用于排热的翅片,以及用于将空气移动到翅片上的空气移动装置,以帮助排除来自热电冷却器的热侧的热量。 翅片可以由共晶材料冷却。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Adaptive autopilot
    • 自适应自适应
    • US5179905A
    • 1993-01-19
    • US794752
    • 1991-11-19
    • Robin C. HossfieldJoseph R. Adamski
    • Robin C. HossfieldJoseph R. Adamski
    • G05D1/02
    • G05D1/0206
    • A marine autopilot having adaptive gain control. The autopilot operates under a proportional plus derivative (PD) control law during course change operation (i.e. when the difference between a desired course and the actual vessel heading is greater than a predetermined value) and a proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) control law during course keeping operation (i.e. when the difference between the desired course and the actual heading is less than the predetermined value). A gain value associated with the derivative term of the PID control law is adaptively controlled as a function of the roll frequency of the vessel. More particularly, since the damping provided by the derivative term is ineffectual in maintaining the desired course when the vessel is heading into the seas (i.e. when the roll frequency is greater than a predetermined value), the derivative term is nulled in such conditions. In this way, ineffectual rudder movement and thus wear on the rudder and associated drive apparatus is reduced.
    • 具有自适应增益控制的海洋自动驾驶仪。 自动驾驶仪在航向变更操作期间(即当所需航程和实际船舶航向之间的差异大于预定值)和比例加积分加微分(PID)控制律 在课程保持操作期间(即当期望课程与实际课程之间的差异小于预定值时)。 与PID控制律的微分项相关联的增益值作为容器的滚动频率的函数被自适应地控制。 更具体地说,由于由导数项提供的阻尼在船舶进入海洋时(即,当滚动频率大于预定值)时保持期望的航向是无效的,所以在这种条件下,导数项被置零。 以这种方式,舵和相关联的驱动装置的无效舵运动并因此磨损减少。