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1. 发明授权

US08334738B2 Fault interrupting and reclosing device 有权
标题翻译：故障中断和重合闸装置
公开(公告)号：US08334738B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-18
申请号：US12095067
申请日：2006-11-17
申请人： Richard G. Smith , Jason R. Bogusz , Michael G. Ennis , Gary W. Hardesty , Thomas E. Kovanko , Richard P. Mikosz , Andrew D. Pfister , Roy T. Swanson , Keith W. Benson, IV
发明人： Richard G. Smith , Jason R. Bogusz , Michael G. Ennis , Gary W. Hardesty , Thomas E. Kovanko , Richard P. Mikosz , Andrew D. Pfister , Roy T. Swanson , Keith W. Benson, IV
IPC分类号： H01H75/04 , H02H5/00
CPC分类号： H01H75/04 , G01R31/3274 , H01H1/0015 , H01H33/66 , H01H2009/0061 , H01H2071/044
摘要： A fault interrupting and reclosing device includes a circuit interrupter coupled to an actuator. The actuator includes at least one force generating element for generating an opening force for opening the circuit interrupter and for generating a restoring force to close the circuit interrupter. The device further includes a latch to engage the actuator to hold the contacts open once opened. In a preferred arrangement, the device is provided with an automatic mode of operation including a reclose process and a non-reclosing mode of operation. The device also preferably includes a method of determining the end-of-life of a vacuum interrupter monitors characteristics and/or parameters of a fault current or vacuum interrupter operation to predict a percent of life consumed with each fault current interruption operation. A cumulative percent of life consumed may also be determined, and an end-of-life may be predicted based upon the cumulative percent of life consumed.
摘要翻译：故障中断和重合闸装置包括耦合到致动器的断路器。致动器包括至少一个力产生元件，用于产生用于打开断路器的开启力并产生用于闭合断路器的恢复力。该装置还包括一个闩锁，用于接合致动器，以便一旦打开就保持触点断开。在优选的布置中，该装置具有自动操作模式，包括重合闸过程和非重合闸操作模式。该装置还优选地包括确定真空断路器的寿命终止的方法监测故障电流或真空断续器操作的特性和/或参数，以预测每个故障电流中断操作消耗的寿命百分比。也可以确定所消耗的生命的累积百分比，并且可以基于所消耗的生命的累积百分比来预测寿命终止。

2. 发明授权

US06493202B2 Electromagnetic operator for an electrical contactor and method for controlling same 有权
标题翻译：电接触器用电磁操作器及其控制方法
公开(公告)号：US06493202B2
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09791341
申请日：2001-02-23
申请人： Mark A. Kappel , Richard W. Waltz , Richard G. Smith , Donald F. Swietlik , Raymond H. Hannula , Christopher J. Wieloch , Jeffrey R. Annis
发明人： Mark A. Kappel , Richard W. Waltz , Richard G. Smith , Donald F. Swietlik , Raymond H. Hannula , Christopher J. Wieloch , Jeffrey R. Annis
IPC分类号： H01H4700
CPC分类号： H01H50/30 , H01H47/08 , H01H50/44 , H01H50/546
摘要： An electromagnetic operator includes first and second coils wound coaxially. An armature partially surrounds the coils for channeling flux during energization of the coils. The armature may be formed of a bent plate and secured to a ferromagnetic support. A control circuit applies energizing signals to the coils during operation. Both coils are energized during an initial phase of operation. One of the coils is subsequently released or de-energized automatically. A timing circuit removes current from the second coil after a variable time period. The time period may be a function of the configuration of the timing circuit, such as an RC time constant, and of the energizing signal.
摘要翻译：电磁操作器包括同轴缠绕的第一和第二线圈。电枢部分地围绕线圈，用于在线圈通电期间引导通量。电枢可以由弯曲板形成并固定到铁磁性支撑件。控制电路在操作期间向线圈施加通电信号。两个线圈在初始操作阶段都通电。其中一个线圈随后自动释放或断电。定时电路在可变时间段之后从第二线圈去除电流。该时间段可以是诸如RC时间常数和激励信号的定时电路的配置的函数。

3. 发明授权

US6130161A Method of forming copper interconnections with enhanced electromigration resistance and reduced defect sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：形成具有增强的电迁移阻力和降低的缺陷灵敏度的铜互连的方法
公开(公告)号：US6130161A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US866777
申请日：1997-05-30
申请人： Leon Ashley , Hormazdyar M. Dalal , Du Binh Nguyen , Hazara S. Rathore , Richard G. Smith
发明人： Leon Ashley , Hormazdyar M. Dalal , Du Binh Nguyen , Hazara S. Rathore , Richard G. Smith
IPC分类号： H01L21/768 , H01L23/48
CPC分类号： H01L21/76846 , H01L21/76847 , H01L21/76849 , H01L21/76858 , H01L21/76867 , H01L21/76873 , H01L21/76877
摘要： A method of providing sub-half-micron copper interconnections with improved electromigration and corrosion resistance. The method includes double damascene using electroplated copper, where the seed layer is converted to an intermetallic layer. A layer of copper intermetallics with halfnium, lanthanum, zirconium or tin, is provided to improve the electromigration resistance and to reduce defect sensitivity. A method is also provided to form a cap atop copper lines, to improve corrosion resistance, which fully covers the surface. Structure and methods are also described to improve the electromigration and corrosion resistance by incorporating carbon atoms in copper intersititial positions.
摘要翻译：提供具有改善的电迁移和耐腐蚀性的亚半微米铜互连的方法。该方法包括使用电镀铜的双镶嵌，其中晶种层转变为金属间层。提供了一种具有铌，镧，锆或锡的铜金属间化合物，以提高电迁移率和降低缺陷敏感性。还提供了一种在铜线顶上形成帽的方法，以提高完全覆盖表面的耐腐蚀性。还描述了结构和方法，以通过在铜中间位置引入碳原子来改善电迁移和耐腐蚀性。

4. 发明授权

US6069068A Sub-quarter-micron copper interconnections with improved electromigration resistance and reduced defect sensitivity 失效
标题翻译： Sub-quarter-micron铜互连具有改进的电迁移阻力和降低的缺陷灵敏度
公开(公告)号：US6069068A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US947277
申请日：1997-10-08
申请人： Hazara S. Rathore , Hormazdyar M. Dalal , Paul S. McLaughlin , Du B. Nguyen , Richard G. Smith , Alexander J. Swinton , Richard A. Wachnik
发明人： Hazara S. Rathore , Hormazdyar M. Dalal , Paul S. McLaughlin , Du B. Nguyen , Richard G. Smith , Alexander J. Swinton , Richard A. Wachnik
IPC分类号： H01L21/3205 , H01L21/768 , H01L23/52 , B05D5/06
CPC分类号： H01L21/76846 , H01L21/76847 , H01L21/76849 , H01L21/76858 , H01L21/76867 , H01L21/76873 , H01L21/76877
摘要： A method of providing sub-half-micron copper interconnections with improved electromigration and corrosion resistance. The method includes double damascene using electroplated copper, where the seed layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition, or by physical vapor deposition in a layer less than about 800 angstroms.
摘要翻译：提供具有改善的电迁移和耐腐蚀性的亚半微米铜互连的方法。该方法包括使用电镀铜的双镶嵌，其中种子层通过化学气相沉积沉积，或通过物理气相沉积在小于约800埃的层中。

5. 发明授权

US06037795A Multiple device test layout 失效
标题翻译：多设备测试布局
公开(公告)号：US06037795A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US938871
申请日：1997-09-26
申请人： Ronald G. Filippi , James J. Poulin , Robert D. Raviart , Kenneth P. Rodbell , Richard G. Smith , Timothy D. Sullivan , Alexander J. Swinton
发明人： Ronald G. Filippi , James J. Poulin , Robert D. Raviart , Kenneth P. Rodbell , Richard G. Smith , Timothy D. Sullivan , Alexander J. Swinton
IPC分类号： G01R31/28 , H01L23/544
CPC分类号： G01R31/2858 , G01R31/2853 , H01L22/34 , H01L2924/0002
摘要： A test layout increases the sample size of electromigration experiments. Through pad sharing, the number of structures tested can be increased, allowing hundreds of identical structures to be tested in a single high temperature oven door.
摘要翻译：测试布局增加了电迁移实验的样本量。通过垫共享，可以增加测试结构的数量，允许在单个高温烤箱门中测试数百个相同的结构。

6. 发明授权

US5563517A Dual channel d.c. low noise measurement system and test methodology 失效
标题翻译：双通道直流低噪声测量系统和测试方法
公开(公告)号：US5563517A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US442556
申请日：1995-05-16
申请人： Glenn A. Biery , Daniel M. Boyne , Kenneth P. Rodbell , Richard G. Smith , Michael H. Wood
发明人： Glenn A. Biery , Daniel M. Boyne , Kenneth P. Rodbell , Richard G. Smith , Michael H. Wood
IPC分类号： G01R31/26 , G01R29/26 , H01L21/66
CPC分类号： G01R29/26
摘要： A test system having an improved physical layout and electrical design allows the 1/f noise of metal interconnects to be measured at levels close to that of Johnson or thermal noise. A detailed description of examples of operation of the test system provides evidence of the effectiveness of the test system in minimizing system noise to a level significantly lower than Johnson noise. This permits quantitative measurment of the noise contribution attributable to variations in cross-sectional area of connections for various applications and for qualitative prediction of electromigration lifetimes of metal films, particularly aluminum, having different microstructures. The test system includes an enclosure which includes several nested groups of housings including a sample oven within a device under test box which is, in turn, contained within the system enclosure. Wire wound resistors powered by a DC power supply are used to provide heating without interfering with measurement of 1/f noise of a device under test (D.U.T.). A biasing circuit and a bank of batteries are also provided with separate enclosures within the system enclosure.
摘要翻译：具有改进的物理布局和电气设计的测试系统允许以接近Johnson或热噪声的水平测量金属互连的1 / f噪声。测试系统操作示例的详细描述提供了测试系统在将系统噪声降至明显低于约翰逊噪声水平的有效性的证据。这允许由于各种应用的连接的横截面积的变化以及用于定性预测具有不同微结构的金属膜，特别是铝的电迁移寿命的噪声贡献的定量测量。该测试系统包括一个外壳，该外壳包括若干嵌套的外壳组，其中包括在被测箱的设备内的样品烘箱，该烘箱也被包含在系统外壳内。由直流电源供电的绕线电阻器用于提供加热，而不会干扰被测器件（D.U.T.）的1 / f噪声的测量。偏置电路和电池组还在系统外壳内设置有单独的外壳。

7. 发明授权

US5351024A Electrical contactor and interrupter employing a rotary disc 失效
标题翻译：使用旋转盘的电气接触器和断路器
公开(公告)号：US5351024A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-27
申请号：US27972
申请日：1993-03-08
申请人： Mark A. Juds , Bruce C. Beihoff , Richard G. Smith , William R. Nelson , Daniel A. Wycklendt , Peter J. Theisen , Jerome K. Hastings , Peter K. Moldovan
发明人： Mark A. Juds , Bruce C. Beihoff , Richard G. Smith , William R. Nelson , Daniel A. Wycklendt , Peter J. Theisen , Jerome K. Hastings , Peter K. Moldovan
IPC分类号： H01H9/32 , H01H9/44 , H01H71/68 , H01H73/04 , H01H77/10 , H01H75/00
CPC分类号： H01H71/68 , H01H73/04 , H01H77/108 , H01H9/32 , H01H9/446
摘要： An electrical power switching device employing a rotary disc driven by an actuation means whose position is selected by a control means where disc contacts engage and disengage stationary contacts where the stationary contacts are deflected away from the disc contacts by separation ramps thereby opening the current path and an arc plate is used on the disc to control arc energy. A pair of interrupter contacts are placed in series with the rotary disc contacts where abnormally high currents cause the interrupter contacts to separate and open the current path where slot motors and/or arc plates are used to dissipate the damaging electrical arcs as the contacts make and break.
摘要翻译：一种电动切换装置，其采用由致动装置驱动的旋转盘，该驱动装置的位置由控制装置选择，其中盘触点接合和分离固定触点，其中固定触点通过分离斜面偏离盘触点，从而打开电流路径，盘上使用弧形板来控制电弧能量。一对断路器触点与旋转盘触点串联放置，其中异常高的电流导致断路器触点分离并打开当前路径，其中使用槽马达和/或弧形板来消除触点产生的有害的电弧，并且打破。

8. 发明授权

US4583228A Frequency stabilization of lasers 失效
标题翻译：激光器的频率稳定
公开(公告)号：US4583228A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-15
申请号：US554062
申请日：1983-11-21
申请人： Michael G. Brown , Richard G. Smith
发明人： Michael G. Brown , Richard G. Smith
IPC分类号： H01S5/0683 , H01S5/0687 , H01S3/10
CPC分类号： H01S5/0687 , H01S5/06837
摘要： Apparatus including a semiconductor laser source and means for stabilizing the frequency of the laser. A feedback signal is provided by means such as a Fabry-Perot interferometer, which signal is coupled simultaneously to two feedback loops. One loop provides high frequency control of the drive current while the other loop provides low frequency control of the laser temperature.
摘要翻译：包括半导体激光源的装置和用于稳定激光器频率的装置。反馈信号由诸如法布里 - 珀罗干涉仪之类的装置提供，该信号同时耦合到两个反馈回路。一个环路提供驱动电流的高频控制，而另一个环路提供激光器温度的低频率控制。

9. 发明授权

US07916437B2 Fault interrupter and operating method 有权
标题翻译：断路器和操作方法
公开(公告)号：US07916437B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-29
申请号：US12132578
申请日：2008-06-03
申请人： Gary W. Hardesty , Michael G. Ennis , Richard G. Smith
发明人： Gary W. Hardesty , Michael G. Ennis , Richard G. Smith
IPC分类号： H02H3/00
CPC分类号： H01H33/59 , H01H75/04 , H01H75/10
摘要： A fault interrupter and a method of operating a fault interrupter to reduce arcing time during fault interruption. Fault interrupter operation is delayed following detecting a peak current such that its operation occurs at a point of the current wave resulting in reduced arcing during fault isolation.
摘要翻译：故障中断器和故障中断器的操作方法，以减少故障中断期间的电弧时间。在检测到峰值电流之后，故障断续器的操作被延迟，使得其操作发生在当前波形的一点，导致故障隔离期间减少的电弧放电。

10. 发明申请

US20080309437A1 Fault Interrupting and Reclosing Device 有权
标题翻译：故障中断和重合闸装置
公开(公告)号：US20080309437A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-18
申请号：US12095067
申请日：2006-11-17
申请人： Richard G. Smith , Jason R. Bogusz , Michael G. Ennis , Gary W. Hardesty , Thomas E. Kovanko , Richard P. Mikosz , Andrew D. Pfister , Roy T. Swanson , Keith W. Benson IV
发明人： Richard G. Smith , Jason R. Bogusz , Michael G. Ennis , Gary W. Hardesty , Thomas E. Kovanko , Richard P. Mikosz , Andrew D. Pfister , Roy T. Swanson , Keith W. Benson IV
IPC分类号： H01H75/04 , H02H5/00
CPC分类号： H01H75/04 , G01R31/3274 , H01H1/0015 , H01H33/66 , H01H2009/0061 , H01H2071/044
摘要： A fault interrupting and reclosing device includes a circuit interrupter coupled to an actuator. The actuator includes at least one force generating element for generating an opening force for opening the circuit interrupter and for generating a restoring force to close the circuit interrupter. The device further includes a latch to engage the actuator to hold the contacts open once opened. In a preferred arrangement, the device is provided with an automatic mode of operation including a reclose process and a non-reclosing mode of operation. The device also preferably includes a method of determining the end-of-life of a vacuum interrupter monitors characteristics and/or parameters of a fault current or vacuum interrupter operation to predict a percent of life consumed with each fault current interruption operation. A cumulative percent of life consumed may also be determined, and an end-of-life may be predicted based upon the cumulative percent of life consumed.
摘要翻译：故障中断和重合闸装置包括耦合到致动器的电路断续器。致动器包括至少一个力产生元件，用于产生用于打开断路器的开启力并产生用于闭合断路器的恢复力。该装置还包括一个闩锁，用于接合致动器，以便一旦打开就保持触点断开。在优选的布置中，该装置具有自动操作模式，包括重合闸过程和非重合闸操作模式。该装置还优选地包括确定真空断路器的寿命终止的方法监测故障电流或真空断续器操作的特性和/或参数，以预测每个故障电流中断操作消耗的寿命百分比。也可以确定所消耗的生命的累积百分比，并且可以基于所消耗的生命的累积百分比来预测寿命终止。

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