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1. 发明授权

US08794525B2 Method of and system for detecting produce weighing interferences in a POS-based checkout/scale system 有权
标题翻译：在基于POS的结帐/比例系统中检测产品称重干扰的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08794525B2
公开(公告)日：2014-08-05
申请号：US13246936
申请日：2011-09-28
申请人： Thomas Amundsen , Sean Philip Kearney , Shane Michael Edmonds , Ynjiun Paul Wang , Timothy Good , Michael Miraglia , Charles Joseph Cunningham, IV , Xiaoxun Zhu , Patrick Anthony Giordano
发明人： Thomas Amundsen , Sean Philip Kearney , Shane Michael Edmonds , Ynjiun Paul Wang , Timothy Good , Michael Miraglia , Charles Joseph Cunningham, IV , Xiaoxun Zhu , Patrick Anthony Giordano
IPC分类号： G06Q20/00 , G06Q20/20 , G01G23/00
CPC分类号： G01G19/4144 , G01G23/00 , G06K7/10594 , G06Q20/208 , G07G1/0045
摘要： A POS-based checkout/scale system having (i) a bar code symbol reading subsystem for reading bar code symbols on products being purchased at a retail POS station, and (ii) a produce weigh scale having a weigh scale assembly for weighing one or more produce items on a weigh platter during produce weighing operations carried out at the time of checkout at said retail POS station. The system also includes an automatic produce weighing interference detection subsystem, supporting an IR-based light curtain about the weigh platter, automatically detects when any object is overhanging the weigh platter during produce weighing operations, and generates an alert signal when such conditions are automatically detected.
摘要翻译：一种基于POS的结帐/比例系统，其具有（i）用于读取在零售POS站购买的商品上的条形码符号的条形码符号读取子系统，以及（ii）产品称重秤，其具有用于称量一个或在所述零售POS站的结帐时进行的生产称重操作期间，在称重盘上产生更多的产品。该系统还包括自动产品称重干扰检测子系统，在称重盘附近支持基于IR的光幕，在产生称重操作期间自动检测何时任何物体悬挂在称重盘上，并在自动检测到这些条件时产生报警信号。

2. 发明申请

US20130341399A1 REMOVEABLE SCANNING MODULE FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION TERMINAL 有权
标题翻译：移动通信终端可拆卸扫描模块
公开(公告)号：US20130341399A1
公开(公告)日：2013-12-26
申请号：US13530864
申请日：2012-06-22
申请人： Tao Xian , Ynjiun Paul Wang , Thomas Amundsen
发明人： Tao Xian , Ynjiun Paul Wang , Thomas Amundsen
IPC分类号： G06K7/01 , G06K7/14 , G06K7/08
CPC分类号： G06K7/1098 , G06K7/10881
摘要： A decodable indicia reading system can comprise a mobile communication terminal and a removable scanning module. The mobile communication terminal can comprise a microprocessor and a memory. The mobile communication terminal can further comprise at least one wired communication interface including a first electromechanical connector mechanically attached to the terminal housing. The removable scanning module can comprise an encoded information reading (EIR) device and/or an illumination module at least partially disposed within the scanning module housing. Both the mobile communication terminal and the scanning module can be at least partially received by a common housing.
摘要翻译：可解码标记读取系统可以包括移动通信终端和可移动扫描模块。移动通信终端可以包括微处理器和存储器。移动通信终端还可以包括至少一个有线通信接口，其包括机械地附接到终端壳体的第一机电连接器。可移除扫描模块可以包括至少部分地设置在扫描模块壳体内的编码信息读取（EIR）设备和/或照明模块。移动通信终端和扫描模块都可以被公共壳体至少部分地接收。

3. 发明授权

US08479994B2 Individualized scanner 有权
标题翻译：个性化扫描仪
公开(公告)号：US08479994B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-09
申请号：US13232065
申请日：2011-09-14
申请人： James Nahill , John A. Furlong , David Wilz , Thomas Amundsen , Sarah Gloeckner , Mark Hernandez , Dwight Franz , Shane Michael Edmonds , John Beiler , James A. Cairns , Glenn Alan Cavanaugh
发明人： James Nahill , John A. Furlong , David Wilz , Thomas Amundsen , Sarah Gloeckner , Mark Hernandez , Dwight Franz , Shane Michael Edmonds , John Beiler , James A. Cairns , Glenn Alan Cavanaugh
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , G06F19/00 , G06K7/10 , G02B26/10
CPC分类号： G06K7/10198 , G06K2207/1017
摘要： A method of operating a reader system includes: providing a reader for reading information data carriers; an operator loading a configuration overlay onto the configuration settings of the reader upon successful logging, wherein the configuration overlay is specific to the operator; and reading information data carriers utilizing the configuration overlay.
摘要翻译：一种操作读取器系统的方法包括：提供读取器，用于读取信息数据载体; 操作者在成功记录时将配置覆盖加载到读取器的配置设置上，其中配置覆盖对于操作者是特定的; 以及利用配置覆盖来读取信息数据载体。

4. 发明申请

US20080156882A1 Methods of and systems for producing digital images of objects with subtantially reduces speckle-noise power by illuminating said objects with wavefront-controlled planar laser illumination beams 失效
公开(公告)号：US20080156882A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-03
申请号：US11821940
申请日：2007-06-26
申请人： Constantine J. Tsikos , Allan Wirth , Timothy A. Good , Andrew Jankevics , Steve Y. Kim , Thomas Amundsen , Charles A. Naylor , Russell Joseph Dobbs , Patrick A. Giordano , Jeffery Yorsz , Mark S. Schmidt , Stephen J. Colavito , David M. Wilz , Ka Man Au , William Svedas , Sankar Ghosh , Michael D. Schnee , Xiaoxun Zhu , C. Harry Knowles
发明人： Constantine J. Tsikos , Allan Wirth , Timothy A. Good , Andrew Jankevics , Steve Y. Kim , Thomas Amundsen , Charles A. Naylor , Russell Joseph Dobbs , Patrick A. Giordano , Jeffery Yorsz , Mark S. Schmidt , Stephen J. Colavito , David M. Wilz , Ka Man Au , William Svedas , Sankar Ghosh , Michael D. Schnee , Xiaoxun Zhu , C. Harry Knowles
IPC分类号： G06K7/01
CPC分类号： G02B19/0066 , B82Y15/00 , G02B19/0014 , G02B19/0028 , G02B19/0057 , G02B19/009 , G02B26/10 , G02B26/105 , G02B27/0961 , G02B27/0966 , G02B27/48 , G06K7/10554 , G06K7/10683 , G06K7/10722 , G06K7/10732 , G06K7/10811 , G06K7/10861 , H01S5/02248 , H01S5/4025
摘要： Methods of and systems for illuminating objects using planar laser illumination beams having substantially-planar spatial distribution characteristics that extend through the field of view (FOV) of image formation and detection modules employed in such systems. Each planar laser illumination beam is produced from a planar laser illumination beam array (PLIA) comprising an plurality of planar laser illumination modules (PLIMs). Each PLIM comprises a visible laser diode (VLD, a focusing lens, and a cylindrical optical element arranged therewith. The individual planar laser illumination beam components produced from each PLIM are optically combined to produce a composite substantially planar laser illumination beam having substantially uniform power density characteristics over the entire spatial extend thereof and thus the working range of the system. Preferably, each planar laser illumination beam component is focused so that the minimum beam width thereof occurs at a point or plane which is the farthest or maximum object distance at which the system is designed to acquire images, thereby compensating for decreases in the power density of the incident planar laser illumination beam due to the fact that the width of the planar laser illumination beam increases in length for increasing object distances away from the imaging optics. Advanced high-resolution wavefront control methods and devices are disclosed for use with the PLIIM-based systems in order to reduce the power of speckle-noise patterns observed at the image detections thereof. By virtue of the present invention, it is now possible to use both VLDs and high-speed CCD-type image detectors in conveyor, hand-held and hold-under type imaging applications alike, enjoying the advantages and benefits that each such technology has to offer, while avoiding the shortcomings and drawbacks hitherto associated therewith.

5. 发明申请

US20080135621A1 Hand-supportable planar laser illumination and imaging (PLIIM) based systems with laser despeckling mechanisms integrated therein 失效
标题翻译：手持式平面激光照明和成像（PLIIM）系统，其中集成了激光去散射机制
公开(公告)号：US20080135621A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-12
申请号：US11980081
申请日：2007-10-30
申请人： Constantine J. Tsikos , C. Harry Knowles , Xiaoxun Zhu , Michael D. Schnee , Ka Man Au , Allan Wirth , Timothy A. Good , Andrew Jankevics , Sankar Ghosh , Charles A. Naylor , Thomas Amundsen , Robert Blake , William Svedas , Shawn Defoney , Edward Skypala , Pirooz Vatan , Russell Joseph Dobbs , George Kolis , Mark C. Schmidt , Jeffery Yorsz , Patrick A. Giordano , Stephen J. Colavito , David W. Wilz , Barry E. Schwartz , Steven Y. Kim , Dale Fisher , Jon Van Tassell
发明人： Constantine J. Tsikos , C. Harry Knowles , Xiaoxun Zhu , Michael D. Schnee , Ka Man Au , Allan Wirth , Timothy A. Good , Andrew Jankevics , Sankar Ghosh , Charles A. Naylor , Thomas Amundsen , Robert Blake , William Svedas , Shawn Defoney , Edward Skypala , Pirooz Vatan , Russell Joseph Dobbs , George Kolis , Mark C. Schmidt , Jeffery Yorsz , Patrick A. Giordano , Stephen J. Colavito , David W. Wilz , Barry E. Schwartz , Steven Y. Kim , Dale Fisher , Jon Van Tassell
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： G06K7/10732
摘要： A hand-supportable planar laser illumination and imaging (PLIIM) based code symbol reader includes: a hand-supportable housing having light transmission aperture; a linear image formation and detection module having a linear image detection array; and a planar laser illumination beam (PLIB) producing device having at least one visible laser diode (VLD) for producing a planar light illumination beam (PLIB). The code symbol reader further includes image grabber for grabbing digital linear images formed and detected by the image formation and detection module, an image data buffer for buffering the digital linear images grabbed by the image grabber and constructing a two-dimensional image from a series of buffered linear digital images, and an image processing computer for processing the buffered two-dimensional digital image so as to read code symbols graphically represented in the two-dimensional digital linear image. During object illumination and imaging operations, a controller automatically controls the linear image formation and detection module, the PLIB producing device, the image frame grabber, and the image data buffer.
摘要翻译：基于手持式平面激光照明和成像（PLIIM）的代码符号读取器包括：具有光传输孔径的手持式外壳; 具有线性图像检测阵列的线性图像形成和检测模块; 以及具有用于产生平面光照射光束（PLIB）的至少一个可见激光二极管（VLD）的平面激光照明光束（PLIB）产生装置。代码符号读取器还包括用于抓取由图像形成和检测模块形成和检测的数字线性图像的图像获取器，用于缓冲由图像获取器抓取的数字线性图像并从一系列图像构建二维图像的图像数据缓冲器缓冲线性数字图像，以及用于处理缓冲的二维数字图像以便读取在二维数字线性图像中图形表示的代码符号的图像处理计算机。在物体照明和成像操作期间，控制器自动控制线性图像形成和检测模块，PLIB产生装置，图像帧抓取器和图像数据缓冲器。

6. 发明申请

US20080110993A1 Hand-supportable code symbol reader employing coplanar laser illumination and linear imaging 失效
标题翻译：手持式代码符号读取器采用共面激光照明和线性成像
公开(公告)号：US20080110993A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-15
申请号：US11974183
申请日：2007-10-11
申请人： Constantine Tsikos , Michael Schnee , Xiaoxun Zhu , Thomas Amundsen , Charles Naylor , Russell Dobbs , Carl Knowles
发明人： Constantine Tsikos , Michael Schnee , Xiaoxun Zhu , Thomas Amundsen , Charles Naylor , Russell Dobbs , Carl Knowles
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 , G02B26/10 , G02B26/105 , G02B27/48 , G06K7/10554 , G06K7/10574 , G06K7/10633 , G06K7/10683 , G06K7/10722 , G06K7/10732 , G06K7/10811 , G06K7/10861 , H01S5/02248
摘要： A hand-supportable coplanar laser illumination and imaging (PLIIM) based code symbol reader includes: a hand-supportable housing having light transmission aperture; a linear image formation and detection module having a linear image detection array; and a planar laser illumination beam (PLIB) producing a coplanar laser illumination and imaging based device having at least one visible laser diode (VLD) for producing a planar light illumination beam (PLIB). The code symbol reader further includes an image grabber for grabbing digital linear images formed and detected by the image formation and detection module, an image data buffer for buffering the digital linear images grabbed by the image grabber, and an image processing computer for processing the buffered digital linear images so as to read code symbols graphically represented in the digital linear images. During object illumination and imaging operations, a controller automatically controls the linear image formation and detection module, the PLIB producing device, the image frame grabber, and the image data buffer.
摘要翻译：基于手持式共面激光照明和成像（PLIIM）的代码符号读取器包括：具有光传输孔径的手持式外壳; 具有线性图像检测阵列的线性图像形成和检测模块; 以及产生具有用于产生平面光照射束（PLIB）的至少一个可见激光二极管（VLD））的共面激光照明和基于成像的装置的平面激光照明光束（PLIB）。代码符号读取器还包括用于抓取由图像形成和检测模块形成和检测的数字线性图像的图像获取器，用于缓冲由图像获取器抓取的数字线性图像的图像数据缓冲器，以及用于处理缓冲的图像处理计算机数字线性图像，以便读取在数字线性图像中图形表示的代码符号。在物体照明和成像操作期间，控制器自动控制线性图像形成和检测模块，PLIB产生装置，图像帧抓取器和图像数据缓冲器。

7. 发明申请

US20080029599A1 Hand-supportable planar linear illumination and imaging (PLIIM) based code symbol reading system 失效
标题翻译：基于手持平面线性照明和成像（PLIIM）的代码符号读取系统
公开(公告)号：US20080029599A1
公开(公告)日：2008-02-07
申请号：US11633666
申请日：2006-12-04
申请人： Constantine Tskos , Michael Schnee , Xiaoxun Zhu , Thomas Amundsen , Charles Naylor , Russell Dobbs , Allan Wirth , Andrew Jankevics , Carl Knowles
发明人： Constantine Tskos , Michael Schnee , Xiaoxun Zhu , Thomas Amundsen , Charles Naylor , Russell Dobbs , Allan Wirth , Andrew Jankevics , Carl Knowles
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 , G02B26/10 , G02B27/48 , G06K7/10722 , G06K7/10732 , G06K7/10811 , H01S5/02248 , H01S5/4025
摘要： A hand-supportable planar linear illumination and imaging (PLIIM) based code symbol reading system comprising: a hand-supportable housing having a light transmission aperture; and a planar laser illumination and imaging module (PLIIM), disposed in the hand-supportable housing. The PLIIM includes (i) a linear image detection array having optics providing a field of view (FOV) on said linear image detection array that projects through the light transmission aperture, and (ii) at least one planar laser illumination module (PLIM) for producing a substantially planar laser illumination beam (PLIB) that extends substantially along the same plane as the FOV of the linear image detection array. This arrangement provides a coplanar illumination and imaging plane that projects through the light transmission aperture, for capturing a series of linear (1-D) digital images of an object intersecting therewith during object illumination and imaging operations. An image frame grabber then accesses 1-D digital images therefrom and composes a 2-D digital image of the object. An image data buffer buffers 2-D images received from the image frame grabber, and a decode image processor processes the digital images stored within the image data buffer so as to read one or more code symbols graphically represented in the digital images. A system controller controls the operations within the system.
摘要翻译：一种手持式平面线性照明和成像（PLIIM）代码符号读取系统，包括：具有光传输孔径的手持式外壳; 以及设置在手持式外壳中的平面激光照明和成像模块（PLIIM）。 PLIIM包括（i）线性图像检测阵列，其具有在所述线性图像检测阵列上提供通过光传输孔突出的视场（FOV）的光学元件，以及（ii）至少一个平面激光照射模块（PLIM），用于产生基本上沿着与线性图像检测阵列的FOV相同的平面延伸的基本上平面的激光照明光束（PLIB）。这种布置提供了共面的照明和成像平面，其投射通过光传输孔径，用于在物体照明和成像操作期间捕获与其相交的物体的一系列线性（1-D）数字图像。然后，图像帧抓取器从其中访问1-D数字图像，并且构成该对象的2-D数字图像。图像数据缓冲器缓冲从图像帧获取器接收的2-D图像，并且解码图像处理器处理存储在图像数据缓冲器内的数字图像，以便读取在数字图像中图形表示的一个或多个代码符号。系统控制器控制系统内的操作。

8. 发明授权

US07299986B2 Digital imaging-based bar code symbol driven portable data terminal system 有权
标题翻译：基于数字成像的条码符号驱动的便携式数据终端系统
公开(公告)号：US07299986B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-27
申请号：US10909255
申请日：2004-07-30
申请人： Xiaoxun Zhu , Yong Liu , Ka Man Au , Rui Hou , Hongpeng Yu , Xi Tao , Liang Liu , Wenhua Zhang , Anatoly Kotlarsky , Sankar Ghosh , Michael Schnee , Pasqual Spatafore , Thomas Amundsen , Sung Byun , Mark Schmidt , Garrett Russell , John Bonanno , C. Harry Knowles
发明人： Xiaoxun Zhu , Yong Liu , Ka Man Au , Rui Hou , Hongpeng Yu , Xi Tao , Liang Liu , Wenhua Zhang , Anatoly Kotlarsky , Sankar Ghosh , Michael Schnee , Pasqual Spatafore , Thomas Amundsen , Sung Byun , Mark Schmidt , Garrett Russell , John Bonanno , C. Harry Knowles
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： G06K7/10851 , G06K7/10732 , G06K7/10881
摘要： A wireless hand-supportable digital imaging-based bar code symbol reading device comprising: an automatic object presence and range detection subsystem; a multi-mode image formation and detection subsystem having narrow-area and wide area image capture modes of operation; a multi-mode LED-based illumination subsystem having narrow-area and wide area illumination modes of operation; an automatic light exposure measurement and illumination control subsystem; an image capturing and buffering subsystem; a multi-mode image-processing bar code symbol reading subsystem; an input/output subsystem; a manually-actuatable trigger switch; and a system control subsystem for controlling these subsystems.
摘要翻译：一种基于无线手持式数字成像的条形码符号读取装置，包括：自动对象存在和范围检测子系统; 具有窄区域和广域图像捕捉模式的多模式图像形成和检测子系统; 具有窄区域和广域照明操作模式的多模式的基于LED的照明子系统; 自动曝光测量和照明控制子系统; 图像捕获和缓冲子系统; 多模式图像处理条码符号读取子系统; 输入/输出子系统; 手动触发开关; 以及用于控制这些子系统的系统控制子系统。

9. 发明授权

US07293714B2 Hand-supportable digital imaging-based bar code symbol reading system automatically processing captured images along parallel virtual scan lines based on the maximum pixel height of the region of interest (ROI) 有权
标题翻译：基于手持式数字成像的条形码符号读取系统基于感兴趣区域（ROI）的最大像素高度，沿着并行虚拟扫描线自动处理捕获的图像，
公开(公告)号：US07293714B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-13
申请号：US10901428
申请日：2004-07-28
申请人： Xiaoxun Zhu , Yong Liu , Ka Man Au , Rui Hou , Hongpeng Yu , Xi Tao , Liang Liu , Wenhua Zhang , Anatoly Kotlarsky , Sankar Ghosh , Michael Schnee , Pasqual Spatafore , Thomas Amundsen , Sung Byun , Mark Schmidt , Garrett Russell , John Bonanno , C. Harry Knowles
发明人： Xiaoxun Zhu , Yong Liu , Ka Man Au , Rui Hou , Hongpeng Yu , Xi Tao , Liang Liu , Wenhua Zhang , Anatoly Kotlarsky , Sankar Ghosh , Michael Schnee , Pasqual Spatafore , Thomas Amundsen , Sung Byun , Mark Schmidt , Garrett Russell , John Bonanno , C. Harry Knowles
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： G06K7/10851 , G06K7/10732 , G06K7/10881
摘要： A hand-supportable digital imaging-based bar code symbol reading system comprises: an automatic object presence detection subsystem; an image formation and detection subsystem having an area-type image sensing array with a field of view (FOV); a LED-based illumination subsystem having an LED illumination array for producing a field of narrow-band illumination within the FOV; an automatic light exposure measurement and illumination control subsystem; an image capturing and buffering subsystem; an image-processing bar code symbol reading subsystem; an input/output subsystem; and a system control subsystem for controlling the subsystems. The image-processing bar code symbol reading subsystem has a mode of image processing, wherein a captured digital image is automatically processed along a set of parallel virtual scan lines spaced-apart by a number of pixel-offset distances proportional to the maximum pixel height of the region of interest (ROI) in the captured digital image containing a bar code symbol.
摘要翻译：一种基于手持式数字成像的条形码符号读取系统，包括：自动对象存在检测子系统; 具有具有视场（FOV）的区域型图像感测阵列的图像形成和检测子系统; 具有用于在FOV内产生窄带照明领域的LED照明阵列的基于LED的照明子系统; 自动曝光测量和照明控制子系统; 图像捕获和缓冲子系统; 图像处理条码符号读取子系统; 输入/输出子系统; 以及用于控制子系统的系统控制子系统。图像处理条形码符号读取子系统具有图像处理的模式，其中捕获的数字图像沿着一组平行的虚拟扫描线被自动处理，所述一组并行虚拟扫描线间隔开与像素偏移距离成比例的多个像素偏移距离捕获的数字图像中的感兴趣区域（ROI）包含条形码符号。

10. 发明授权

US07284705B2 Hand-supportable semi-automatic digital imaging-based bar code symbol reading system realized upon a multi-tier modular software platform 有权
标题翻译：基于多层模块化软件平台实现的手持式半自动数字成像条形码符号读取系统
公开(公告)号：US07284705B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-23
申请号：US10909270
申请日：2004-07-30
申请人： Xiaoxun Zhu , Yong Liu , Ka Man Au , Rui Hou , Hongpeng Yu , Xi Tao , Liang Liu , Wenhua Zhang , Anatoly Kotlarsky , Sankar Ghosh , Michael Schnee , Pasqual Spatafore , Thomas Amundsen , Sung Byun , Mark Schmidt , Garrett Russell , John Bonanno , C. Harry Knowles
发明人： Xiaoxun Zhu , Yong Liu , Ka Man Au , Rui Hou , Hongpeng Yu , Xi Tao , Liang Liu , Wenhua Zhang , Anatoly Kotlarsky , Sankar Ghosh , Michael Schnee , Pasqual Spatafore , Thomas Amundsen , Sung Byun , Mark Schmidt , Garrett Russell , John Bonanno , C. Harry Knowles
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： G06K7/10851 , G06K7/10732 , G06K7/10881
摘要： A hand-supportable semi-automatic digital imaging-based bar code symbol reading system comprises: an automatic object presence detection subsystem; a multi-mode image formation and detection subsystem having narrow-area and wide area image capture modes of operation; a multi-mode LED-based illumination subsystem having narrow-area and wide area illumination modes of operation; an automatic light exposure measurement and illumination control subsystem; an image capturing and buffering subsystem; a multi-mode image-processing bar code symbol reading subsystem; an input/output subsystem; a manually-actuatable trigger switch; and a system control subsystem for controlling the subsystems. The digital imaging-based bar code reading system employs a three-tier modular software architecture for carrying out its image-processing based bar code symbol reading operations. The three-tier software architecture comprises an application layer, a system core layer, and an operating system (OS) layer.
摘要翻译：一种支持手持式半自动数字成像的条形码符号读取系统，包括：自动对象存在检测子系统; 具有窄区域和广域图像捕捉模式的多模式图像形成和检测子系统; 具有窄区域和广域照明操作模式的多模式的基于LED的照明子系统; 自动曝光测量和照明控制子系统; 图像捕获和缓冲子系统; 多模式图像处理条码符号读取子系统; 输入/输出子系统; 手动触发开关; 以及用于控制子系统的系统控制子系统。基于数字成像的条形码读取系统采用三层模块化软件架构来进行基于图像处理的条形码符号读取操作。三层软件架构包括应用层，系统核心层和操作系统（OS）层。

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