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1. 发明授权

US08728201B2 Apparatus and method for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the flue gas of a furnace after the energy conversion 有权
标题翻译：能量转换后从炉内烟道气中除去二氧化碳（CO2）的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US08728201B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-20
申请号：US13138783
申请日：2010-03-19
申请人： Jewgeni Nazarko , Ernst Riensche , Martin Bram , Li Zhao
发明人： Jewgeni Nazarko , Ernst Riensche , Martin Bram , Li Zhao
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/229 , B01D53/1475 , B01D2257/504 , Y02A50/2342 , Y02C10/04 , Y02C10/06 , Y02C10/08 , Y02C10/10
摘要： Carbon dioxide is separated from a flue gas produced in a combustion plant. Flue gas is supplied to a membrane unit having at least one membrane module provided with a membrane that is selective for CO2. A portion of the CO2 is separated from the flue gas in the module, producing a CO2-enriched permeate. CO2-depleted flue gas remaining on the retentate side of the module is supplied to at least one additional CO2 separating unit and a portion of the CO2 in the retentate is separated by an absorbent. The result is a reduction in energy consumption.
摘要翻译：二氧化碳与在燃烧设备中产生的烟气分离。烟道气被供应到具有至少一个膜组件的膜单元，所述膜组件设置有对CO 2是选择性的膜。一部分CO 2与模块中的烟气分离，产生富含CO 2的渗透物。剩余在模块的滞留侧的二氧化碳贫化烟气被供给到至少一个附加的CO 2分离单元，并且滞留物中的一部分CO 2被吸收剂分离。结果是能量消耗减少。

2. 发明申请

US20120111192A1 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) FROM THE FLUE GAS OF A FURNACE AFTER THE ENERGY CONVERSION 有权
标题翻译：在能量转换后从燃烧器的燃气中去除二氧化碳（CO 2）的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20120111192A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-10
申请号：US13138783
申请日：2010-03-19
申请人： Jewgeni Nazarko , Ernst Riensche , Martin Bram , Li Zhao
发明人： Jewgeni Nazarko , Ernst Riensche , Martin Bram , Li Zhao
IPC分类号： B01D50/00 , B01D53/02 , B01D53/14 , B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/229 , B01D53/1475 , B01D2257/504 , Y02A50/2342 , Y02C10/04 , Y02C10/06 , Y02C10/08 , Y02C10/10
摘要： Disclosed is a method for separating carbon dioxide from a flue gas from energy conversion, wherein the flue gas is first supplied to a membrane unit, comprising at least one membrane module having a CO2-selective membrane, with a portion of the CO2 being separated in the module from the flue gas as an enriched CO2 permeate. The flue gas thus depleted (retentate) is subsequently supplied to at least one additional CO2 separating unit, in which a portion of the CO2 is separated from the flue gas by an adsorbent or absorbent. Also disclosed is a device that is suitable for carrying out the aforementioned methods for separating CO2 from a flue gas using a membrane unit, comprising at least one membrane module having a CO2-selective membrane and having an additional CO2 separating unit, comprising an adsorbent or absorbent.
摘要翻译：公开了一种从能量转化中分离烟道气中的二氧化碳的方法，其中首先将烟道气供应到膜单元，其包括至少一个具有CO 2选择性膜的膜组件，其中一部分CO 2被分离烟气中的模块作为富CO 2渗透物。随后将排出的废气（滞留物）供给至少一个额外的CO 2分离单元，其中一部分CO 2通过吸附剂或吸收剂与烟道气分离。还公开了一种适用于实施上述使用膜单元从烟道气中分离CO 2的方法的装置，该膜单元包括至少一个具有CO 2选择性膜并具有另外的CO 2分离单元的膜组件，其包含吸附剂或吸收剂。

3. 发明申请

US20100172813A1 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REDUCING CO2-EMISSIONS FROM THE WASTE GASES OF COMBUSTION PLANTS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于减少燃烧废物的二氧化碳排放的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20100172813A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-08
申请号：US12451966
申请日：2008-05-30
申请人： Jewgeni Nazarko , Ernst Riensche , Ludger Blum , Reinhard Menzer , Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg , Martin Bram
发明人： Jewgeni Nazarko , Ernst Riensche , Ludger Blum , Reinhard Menzer , Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg , Martin Bram
IPC分类号： B01D53/62 , B01D53/86
CPC分类号： B01D53/229 , B01D2257/30 , B01D2257/504 , Y02C10/04 , Y02C10/10
摘要： A method for separating carbon dioxide from a flue gas using a membrane (membrane module) is characterized in that the flue gas is at temperatures above the condensation point of the water vapor before entering the membrane separation stage. In this way, condensation of any potentially entrained water vapor out of the flue gas is avoided, so as to consistently prevent clogging of the membrane pores. The high temperatures can be achieved in different ways. The temperature of the flue gas can easily be increased to the necessary temperatures by way of an upstream heat exchanger or a burner. A compressor, which is connected upstream of the membrane module and also advantageously increases the CO2 partial pressure, brings about the necessary temperature increase at the same time. As a further alternative for the invention, the CO2 separation is performed even before desulfurizing the flue gas. This notably has the advantage of the flue gas in this process stage still being at temperatures above the condensation point of the water vapor, and thus not having to be heated separately, in addition to which, it generally carries little water vapor at this stage of the scrubbing operation.
摘要翻译：使用膜（膜组件）从烟道气中分离二氧化碳的方法的特征在于，在进入膜分离阶段之前，烟道气处于高于水蒸汽冷凝点的温度。以这种方式，避免任何潜在夹带的水蒸气从烟道气中冷凝，从而始终防止膜孔堵塞。高温可以通过不同的方式实现。烟气的温度可以通过上游热交换器或燃烧器容易地增加到必要的温度。连接在膜组件上游的压缩机也有利地增加CO 2分压，同时带来必要的温度升高。作为本发明的另一替代方案，即使在烟道气脱硫之前也进行CO 2分离。这显着地具有在该工艺阶段中的烟道气仍然处于高于水蒸气冷凝点的温度的优点，因此不必单独加热，除此之外，其通常在该阶段几乎没有水蒸汽擦洗操作。

4. 发明申请

US20100310407A1 METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS FROM NITI SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS 有权
标题翻译：从NITI形状记忆合金生产半成品的方法
公开(公告)号：US20100310407A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-09
申请号：US12733867
申请日：2008-08-27
申请人： Manuel Koehl , Martin Bram , Berthold Coenen , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Detlev Stoever
发明人： Manuel Koehl , Martin Bram , Berthold Coenen , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Detlev Stoever
IPC分类号： B22F1/00 , B22F3/15
CPC分类号： C22C1/0458 , A61F2/82 , B22F2998/10 , C22C1/0433 , C22C19/007 , C22C19/03 , B22F9/082 , B22F1/0011 , B22F3/225 , B22F3/15
摘要： Disclosed is a method for producing semi-finished products from a shape memory alloy, particularly an NiTi shape memory alloy, wherein a powder is first produced from a shape memory alloy, and subsequently the powder is divided into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction in a separating cut T. While the fine fraction is required, in particular, for the production of a first semi-finished product, employing the metal injection molding (MIM) method, the coarse fraction can be used for the production of a second semi-finished product, employing the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. The advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows. The MIM method for producing semi-finished products from a shape memory alloy is qualitatively improved and more cost-effective to implement if the coarse fraction that is typically obtained during powder production, but not used for the MIM process, can advantageously be supplied to a further process, in this case the HIP process. Due to the use of particularly fine powder, the semi-finished products produced by way of the MIM method have an advantageous, powder-metallurgical microstructure. In particular, the alloying elements are distributed particularly homogeneously in these semi-finished products, casting flaws or segregations do not usually occur, no anisotropy of the structure occurs as a result of the processing steps, and ternary alloys can be processed, which due to the mechanical properties thereof, cannot be processed by way of conventional forming methods.
摘要翻译：公开了一种从形状记忆合金，特别是NiTi形状记忆合金制造半成品的方法，其中首先从形状记忆合金制备粉末，随后将粉末分为粗级分和细级分分离切割T.虽然需要细小部分，特别是为了生产使用金属注模（MIM）方法的第一半成品，粗部分可用于生产第二半成品，成品，采用热等静压（HIP）法。本发明的优点可概括如下。如果通常在粉末生产期间获得但不用于MIM工艺的粗部分可以有利地提供给一种形状记忆合金的用于从形状记忆合金生产半成品的MIM方法可以有效地提供给形成记忆合金的半成品的MIM方法进一步的过程，在这种情况下是HIP过程。由于使用特别细的粉末，通过MIM方法生产的半成品具有有利的粉末冶金微结构。特别地，合金元素特别均匀地分布在这些半成品中，通常不会发生铸造缺陷或偏析，由于加工步骤，不会发生结构的各向异性，并且可以加工三元合金，这是由于其机械性能不能通过常规成型方法进行加工。

5. 发明授权

US07252902B2 High-temperature resistant seal 失效
标题翻译：耐高温密封
公开(公告)号：US07252902B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-07
申请号：US10490662
申请日：2002-09-07
申请人： Martin Bram , Stephan Reckers , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Rolf Steinbrech , Detlev Stöver
发明人： Martin Bram , Stephan Reckers , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Rolf Steinbrech , Detlev Stöver
IPC分类号： H01M2/08
CPC分类号： F16J15/122 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/0282 , H01M8/2425 , H01M2008/1293
摘要： The invention relates to a high-temperature resistant seal, particularly a seal for use in a high-temperature fuel cell. The inventive seal comprises a structured metallic layer having at least one area on whose surface a filler is placed. The filler is comprised, in particular, of clay minerals or ceramic materials. The seal thus advantageously combines the sealing properties of a metallic layer, for example, of an undulated metal foil with the elastic properties of the filler. The seal is particularly suited for use at high temperatures and thus, for example, in high-temperature fuel cells.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及耐高温密封件，特别是用于高温燃料电池的密封件。本发明的密封件包括具有至少一个区域的结构化金属层，其表面上填充有填料。填料特别包括粘土矿物或陶瓷材料。因此，密封件有利地将金属层（例如，波状金属箔）的密封性质与填料的弹性性质相结合。密封件特别适合于在高温下使用，因此例如在高温燃料电池中使用。

6. 发明申请

US20080160352A1 High Temperature Fuel Cell Having a Metallic Supporting Structure for the Solid Oxide Functional Layers 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有用于固体氧化物功能层的金属支撑结构的高温燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US20080160352A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-03
申请号：US11963301
申请日：2007-12-21
申请人： Marco Brandner , Martin Bram
发明人： Marco Brandner , Martin Bram
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/1226 , H01M4/8885 , H01M4/905 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/0297 , Y02P70/56 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A high-temperature fuel cell having a metallic support structure, which has through openings for a gas, for the solid oxide functional layers, a fine-pored intermediate structure made of nickel or a nickel alloy being provided between the coarse-pored support structure and the functional layer facing toward it. The fine-pored intermediate structure is preferably formed by a mesh having a mesh width of a magnitude less than 80 μm, while the support structure is a perforated sheet or a perforated foil. A fuel cell may be produced where the fine-pored intermediate structure is welded to the coarse-pored support structure, and catalytically active anode material is then introduced into the pores of intermediate structure.
摘要翻译：一种具有金属支撑结构的高温燃料电池，其具有用于固体氧化物功能层的气体通孔，由镍或镍合金制成的细孔中间结构，设置在粗钻支撑结构和功能层面向它。细孔中间结构优选由具有小于80μm的网格宽度的网格形成，而支撑结构是穿孔片或穿孔箔。可以制造燃料电池，其中将细孔中间结构焊接到粗钻支撑结构，然后将催化活性阳极材料引入中间结构的孔中。

7. 发明授权

US07351371B2 Method for the production of near net-shaped metallic and/or ceramic parts 有权
标题翻译：用于生产近网状金属和/或陶瓷部件的方法
公开(公告)号：US07351371B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-01
申请号：US10531887
申请日：2003-09-19
申请人： Heinz Nelles , Martin Bram , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Detlev Stöver
发明人： Heinz Nelles , Martin Bram , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Detlev Stöver
IPC分类号： B22F3/11
CPC分类号： B22F3/225 , B22F3/1025 , B22F3/1134 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , C04B38/04 , C04B35/00 , C04B38/0058 , B22F3/22 , B22F3/1021
摘要： A porous near-net-shape metallic parts with an open porosity of at least 10% by volume is made by first forming an injectable mass of a metallic powder of stainless steel, Ti, NiTi, or a titanium alloy, at least one thermoplastic binder, and at least one place holder. The mass then injection molded into the shape of the part to be produced, cooled, set in a capillary-active material, and subjected to a first-stage binder removal to produce an open porosity. The place holder is then removed at least partially from the part with a fluid, and the part is subjected to a thermal binder-removing process. Finally the part is sintered.
摘要翻译：通过首先形成不锈钢，Ti，NiTi或钛合金的金属粉末的可注射组合物，至少一种热塑性粘合剂，制备具有至少10体积％的开放孔隙率的多孔近网状金属部件，以及至少一个占位符。然后将质量注塑成待生产部件的形状，冷却，置于毛细管活性材料中，并进行第一阶段粘合剂去除以产生开孔率。然后用流体至少部分地从该部分去除位置保持器，并且对该部件进行热粘合剂去除工艺。最后部分烧结。

8. 发明授权

US07147819B2 Method for producing highly porous metallic moulded bodies close to the desired final contours 有权
标题翻译：用于生产高度多孔的金属成型体的方法，其接近期望的最终轮廓
公开(公告)号：US07147819B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US10517118
申请日：2003-05-09
申请人： Martin Bram , Alexander Laptev , Detlev Stöver , Hans Peter Buchkremer
发明人： Martin Bram , Alexander Laptev , Detlev Stöver , Hans Peter Buchkremer
IPC分类号： B22F3/10
CPC分类号： B22F3/1121 , B22F2003/1042 , B22F2003/247 , B22F2998/10 , B22F3/02 , B22F3/1021
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing highly porous, metallic molded bodies. The inventive method consists of the following steps: a metallic powder used as a starting material is mixed with a dummy; a green body is pressed out of the mixture; the green body is subjected to conventional mechanical machining, the dummy advantageously increasing the stability of the green body; the dummy material is thermally separated from the green body by means of air, a vacuum or an inert gas; and the green body is sintered to form the molded body and is then advantageously finished. Suitable materials for the dummy are, for example, ammonium bicarbonate or carbamide. The mechanical machining carried out before the sintering advantageously enables a simple production close to the desired final contours, even for complicated geometries of the molded body to be produced, without impairing the porosity, and without high wear of the tools. The workpiece is advantageously sufficiently stable in terms of pressure for the green machining as the dummy material is still present in the pores of the green body during the machining.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种生产高度多孔金属成型体的方法。本发明的方法包括以下步骤：用作起始材料的金属粉末与假人混合; 一个绿色的身体被压出混合物; 生坯经受常规的机械加工，有利于增加生坯的稳定性; 虚拟材料通过空气，真空或惰性气体与生坯体热分离; 并且将生坯烧结以形成成型体，然后有利地完成。用于假人的合适的材料是例如碳酸氢铵或碳酰胺。在烧结之前进行的机械加工有利地使得即使对于要生产的成型体的复杂几何形状也能够接近期望的最终轮廓，而不损害孔隙率，并且没有高磨损的工具。在加工过程中，当坯料仍然存在于生坯的孔中时，工件在生坯加工的压力方面有利地足够稳定。

9. 发明授权

US08916091B2 Method for producing semi-finished products from NiTi shape memory alloys 有权
标题翻译：从NiTi形状记忆合金生产半成品的方法
公开(公告)号：US08916091B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-23
申请号：US12733867
申请日：2008-08-27
申请人： Manuel Koehl , Martin Bram , Berthold Coenen , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Detlev Stoever
发明人： Manuel Koehl , Martin Bram , Berthold Coenen , Hans Peter Buchkremer , Detlev Stoever
IPC分类号： B22F3/15
CPC分类号： C22C1/0458 , A61F2/82 , B22F2998/10 , C22C1/0433 , C22C19/007 , C22C19/03 , B22F9/082 , B22F1/0011 , B22F3/225 , B22F3/15
摘要： Disclosed is a method for producing semi-finished products from a shape memory alloy, particularly an NiTi shape memory alloy, wherein a powder is first produced from a shape memory alloy, and subsequently the powder is divided into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction in a separating cut T. While the fine fraction is required, in particular, for the production of a first semi-finished product, employing the metal injection molding (MIM) method, the coarse fraction can be used for the production of a second semi-finished product, employing the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. The advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows. The MIM method for producing semi-finished products from a shape memory alloy is qualitatively improved and more cost-effective to implement if the coarse fraction that is typically obtained during powder production, but not used for the MIM process, can advantageously be supplied to a further process, in this case the HIP process. Due to the use of particularly fine powder, the semi-finished products produced by way of the MIM method have an advantageous, powder-metallurgical microstructure. In particular, the alloying elements are distributed particularly homogeneously in these semi-finished products, casting flaws or segregations do not usually occur, no anisotropy of the structure occurs as a result of the processing steps, and ternary alloys can be processed, which due to the mechanical properties thereof, cannot be processed by way of conventional forming methods.
摘要翻译：公开了一种从形状记忆合金，特别是NiTi形状记忆合金制造半成品的方法，其中首先从形状记忆合金制备粉末，随后将粉末分为粗级分和细级分分离切割T.虽然需要细小部分，特别是为了生产使用金属注模（MIM）方法的第一半成品，粗部分可用于生产第二半成品，成品，采用热等静压（HIP）法。本发明的优点可概括如下。如果通常在粉末生产期间获得但不用于MIM工艺的粗部分可以有利地提供给一种形状记忆合金的用于从形状记忆合金生产半成品的MIM方法可以有效地提供给形成记忆合金的半成品的MIM方法进一步的过程，在这种情况下是HIP过程。由于使用特别细的粉末，通过MIM方法生产的半成品具有有利的粉末冶金微结构。特别地，合金元素特别均匀地分布在这些半成品中，通常不会发生铸造缺陷或偏析，由于加工步骤，不会发生结构的各向异性，并且可以加工三元合金，这是由于其机械性能不能通过常规成型方法进行加工。

10. 发明申请

US20050249625A1 Method for producing highly porous metallic moulded bodies close to the desired final contours 有权
标题翻译：用于生产高度多孔的金属成型体的方法，其接近期望的最终轮廓
公开(公告)号：US20050249625A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-10
申请号：US10517118
申请日：2003-05-09
申请人： Martin Bram , Alexander Laptev , Detlev Stover , Hans Buchkremer
发明人： Martin Bram , Alexander Laptev , Detlev Stover , Hans Buchkremer
IPC分类号： B22F3/11 , B22F3/24 , B22F3/12
CPC分类号： B22F3/1121 , B22F2003/1042 , B22F2003/247 , B22F2998/10 , B22F3/02 , B22F3/1021
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing highly porous, metallic moulded bodies. The inventive method consists of the following steps: a metallic powder used as a starting material is mixed with a dummy; a green body is pressed out of the mixture; the green body is subjected to conventional mechanical machining, the dummy advantageously increasing the stability of the green body; the dummy material is thermally separated from the green body by means of air, a vacuum or an inert gas; and the green body is sintered to form the moulded body and is then advantageously finished. Suitable materials for the dummy are, for example, ammonium bicarbonate or carbamide. The mechanical machining carried out before the sintering advantageously enables a simple production close to the desired final contours, even for complicated geometries of the moulded body to be produced, without impairing the porosity, and without high wear of the tools. The workpiece is advantageously sufficiently stable in terms of pressure for the green machining as the dummy material is still present in the pores of the green body during the machining.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种生产高度多孔金属成型体的方法。本发明的方法包括以下步骤：用作起始材料的金属粉末与假人混合; 一个绿色的身体被压出混合物; 生坯经受常规的机械加工，有利于增加生坯的稳定性; 虚拟材料通过空气，真空或惰性气体与生坯体热分离; 并且将生坯烧结以形成成型体，然后有利地完成。用于假人的合适的材料是例如碳酸氢铵或碳酰胺。在烧结之前进行的机械加工有利地使得即使对于要生产的成型体的复杂几何形状也能够接近期望的最终轮廓，而不损害孔隙率，并且没有高磨损的工具。在加工过程中，当坯料仍然存在于生坯的孔中时，工件在生坯加工的压力方面有利地足够稳定。

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