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1. 发明授权

US07224763B2 Method of and system for X-ray spectral correction in multi-energy computed tomography 有权
标题翻译：多能计算机断层扫描中X射线光谱校正的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07224763B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-29
申请号：US10899775
申请日：2004-07-27
申请人： Ram Naidu , Zhengrong Ying , Chitra Subramanian , Sergey Simanovsky , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Ram Naidu , Zhengrong Ying , Chitra Subramanian , Sergey Simanovsky , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： G01N23/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/046 , G01N2223/419 , G01T1/185
摘要： A method of and a system for spectral correction in multi-energy computed tomography are provided to correct reconstructed images, including high-energy CT images and Z (effective atomic number) images, for spectral variations, which include time variations on a scanner due to HVPS drift and scanner to scanner variations due to the beamline component differences. The method uses a copper filter mounted on the detector array for tracking the spectral changes. The method comprises: generating copper ratios; computing working air tables; calculating scales and offsets; and correcting high-energy CT images and Z images using calculated scales and offsets. The method further includes an off-line calibration procedure to generate necessary parameters for the online correction.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于多能量计算机断层摄影中的光谱校正的方法和系统，用于校正重建图像，包括高能CT图像和Z（有效原子序数）图像，用于光谱变化，包括扫描仪上的时间变化，由于 HVPS漂移和扫描仪由于束线分量差异而导致扫描仪变化。该方法使用安装在检测器阵列上的铜过滤器来跟踪光谱变化。该方法包括：产生铜比; 计算工作台面; 计算比例和偏移量; 并使用计算的比例和偏移校正高能CT图像和Z图像。该方法还包括离线校准程序以产生用于在线校正的必要参数。

2. 发明授权

US07136450B2 Method of and system for adaptive scatter correction in multi-energy computed tomography 有权
标题翻译：多能计算机断层扫描中自适应散射校正的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07136450B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-14
申请号：US10853942
申请日：2004-05-26
申请人： Zhengrong Ying , Ram Naidu , Sergey Simanovsky , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Zhengrong Ying , Ram Naidu , Sergey Simanovsky , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/005 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/5282 , G01N23/046 , G01N2223/419 , G06T2211/408
摘要： Method of and system for adaptive scatter correction in the absence of scatter detectors in multi-energy computed tomography are provided, wherein input projection data acquired using at least two x-ray spectra for scanned objects may include a set of low energy projections and a set of high energy projections; wherein a low-pass filter of variable size is provided; the method comprises estimating the size of the low-pass filter; computing amounts of scatter; and correcting both sets of projections for scatter. The estimation of low-pass filter size comprises thresholding high energy projections into binary projections; filtering the binary projections; finding the maximum of the filtered binary projections; calculating the low-pass filter size from the found maximum. The computation of amounts of scatter comprises exponentiating input projections; low-pass filtering the exponentiated projections with the estimated filter size; computing the amounts of scatter from the filtered projections.
摘要翻译：提供了在多能计算机断层摄影中不存在散射检测器的自适应散射校正的方法和系统，其中使用至少两个用于扫描对象的X射线光谱获得的输入投影数据可以包括一组低能量投影和一组的高能量预测; 其中提供可变尺寸的低通滤波器; 该方法包括估计低通滤波器的尺寸; 计算散射量; 并且校正两组用于散射的投影。低通滤波器尺寸的估计包括将高能量投影阈值化为二进制投影; 过滤二进制投影; 找出滤波后的二进制投影的最大值; 从找到的最大值计算低通滤波器尺寸。散射量的计算包括指数输入投影; 用估计的滤波器大小对指数投影进行低通滤波; 从过滤的投影计算散射量。

3. 发明授权

US06850587B1 Reprojection-based three-dimensional image reconstruction 失效
标题翻译：基于重现的三维图像重建
公开(公告)号：US06850587B1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-01
申请号：US10279412
申请日：2002-10-24
申请人： Seemeen S. Karimi , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Seemeen S. Karimi , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： A61B6/03 , G06T11/00
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/027 , A61B6/488 , G06T11/005 , G06T2211/432 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method of reconstructing a three-dimensional image from a set of X-ray projections generated by a scanning system, where the image corresponds to a first volume segment that is a portion of a longer object, includes reconstructing a first estimate image of a second volume segment larger than the first volume segment. The second volume segment includes the first volume segment. The method also includes applying a weighting function to the first estimate image for masking the first volume segment, so as to produce a hypothetical object image. The method further includes re-projecting the hypothetical object image so as to produce a set of simulated hybrid projections corresponding to the first volume segment. The method also includes reconstructing the hybrid projections so as to produce a three-dimensional image corresponding to the first volume segment.
摘要翻译：一种从由扫描系统生成的一组X射线投影重建三维图像的方法，其中图像对应于作为较长物体的一部分的第一体积分段，包括重建第二估计图像的第二估计图像音量段大于第一音量段。第二卷段包括第一卷段。该方法还包括对第一估计图像应用加权函数以掩蔽第一卷段，以便产生假想对象图像。该方法还包括重新投影假想对象图像，以产生对应于第一音量段的一组模拟混合投影。该方法还包括重建混合投影以产生对应于第一体积段的三维图像。

4. 发明授权

US06185272B2 Architecture for CT scanning system 有权
标题翻译： CT扫描系统架构
公开(公告)号：US06185272B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09268628
申请日：1999-03-15
申请人： Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Sergey Simanovsky , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Sergey Simanovsky , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： G01N2304
CPC分类号： G01V5/0008 , G06K9/00 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A system for and method of detecting and classifying objects contained within or concealed by items scanned by an X-ray scanner is described. Greater throughput and relatively reduced cost is achieved by using a shared bulk memory for entering imaging data received from the scanner into slots of a bulk shared memory; and storing detection and classification data in slots of the bulk memory after processing imaging data so as to provide detection and classification data relating to absence or suspected presence of predetermined target objects. Preferably, the scanner is a CT scanner and the imaging data is CT data.
摘要翻译：描述用于检测和分类由X射线扫描仪扫描的物品内或隐藏的物体的系统和方法。通过使用共享大容量存储器将从扫描仪接收的成像数据输入大容量共享存储器的插槽来实现更高的吞吐量和相对降低的成本; 并且在处理成像数据之后将检测和分类数据存储在大容量存储器的时隙中，以便提供与不存在或怀疑存在预定目标对象有关的检测和分类数据。优选地，扫描器是CT扫描仪，并且成像数据是CT数据。

5. 发明授权

US6148057A Apparatus and method for calibrating detectors in a computed tomography scanner 失效
标题翻译：用于在计算机断层扫描仪中校准检测器的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US6148057A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US184808
申请日：1998-11-02
申请人： Steven N. Urchuk , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Steven N. Urchuk , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： A61B6/03 , A61B6/00 , G01D18/00
CPC分类号： A61B6/583
摘要： A method and apparatus for calibrating detectors in a computed tomography (CT) system to compensate for differential errors in the detectors are disclosed. Multiple sets of scan data are acquired for a phantom at multiple thicknesses of the phantom. The phantom can be made from multiple slabs of material positioned on the scanner table in a horizontal orientation or in a vertical orientation. Horizontal slabs are removed or added to the stack of slabs to vary the thickness of the phantom. With vertically oriented slabs, each slab is of a different height such that scans of different slabs produce X-ray data for rays having different path lengths and, therefore, attenuations. For each detector, errors in the scan data at the multiple phantom thicknesses are identified and fit to a parametric equation with respect to the log attenuation associated with each thickness. In one embodiment, the parametric equation is a quadratic polynomial. The polynomial is used during subsequent scanning of actual objects to adjust attenuation measurements.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于校准计算机断层摄影（CT）系统中的检测器以补偿检测器中的差分误差的方法和装置。对于体模的多个厚度的体模获取多组扫描数据。幻影可以由水平方向或垂直方向定位在扫描台上的多块材料制成。水平板被移除或添加到板的堆叠中以改变体模的厚度。对于垂直取向的板坯，每个板坯具有不同的高度，使得不同板坯的扫描为具有不同路径长度的光线产生X射线数据，因此产生衰减。对于每个检测器，在多个幻影厚度处的扫描数据中的误差被识别并且适合于与每个厚度相关联的对数衰减的参数方程。在一个实施例中，参数方程是二次多项式。多项式用于后续扫描实际物体以调整衰减测量。

6. 发明授权

US6108396A Apparatus and method for correcting object density in computed tomography data 失效
标题翻译：用于在计算机断层摄影数据中校正物体密度的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US6108396A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-22
申请号：US22354
申请日：1998-02-11
申请人： Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Sergey Simanovsky , Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Sergey Simanovsky , Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G06K9/00771 , G06K2209/09 , Y10S378/901
摘要： Sheet explosives can be detected by analyzing voxels surrounding a test voxel. If the density is sufficiently different, it is concluded that the test voxel is associated with a sheet object. Sheet objects can also be detected by eroding the CT data then subtracting from the original data, leaving only thin sheet-shaped objects. A connectivity process can be applied to voxels to combine them into objects after sheets are detected. A dilation function can then be performed to replace surface voxels. A corrected mass can be computed and compared to mass thresholds to classify the object as to whether it poses a threat. Multiple mass thresholds can be used. Bulk objects can be detected by a modified morphological connected components labeling (CCL) approach which performs a series of erosion and dilation steps to separate adjacent objects in the data such that they can be individually labeled and analyzed. A merging process can be used to reconnect related items, such as multiple sticks, that were separated during an erosion step. The merging process allows multiple objects that would individually pass as non-threat items to be combined into a single item that is correctly classified as a threat. The system can also identify objects that contain liquids, if desired.
摘要翻译：可以通过分析测试体素周围的体素来检测片状炸药。如果密度充分不同，则得出结论，测试体素与片材物体相关联。也可以通过侵蚀CT数据然后从原始数据中减去仅留下薄片状物体来检测纸张对象。可以将连接过程应用于体素，以便在检测到床单后将它们组合到对象中。然后可以执行扩张功能来代替表面体素。可以计算校正的质量，并将其与质量阈值进行比较，以对对象是否构成威胁进行分类。可以使用多个质量阈值。大量物体可以通过修改后的形态连接分量标记（CCL）方法进行检测，该方法执行一系列侵蚀和扩张步骤以分离数据中的相邻物体，使得它们可以被单独标记和分析。可以使用合并过程来重新连接在侵蚀步骤期间分离的相关项目，例如多个棒。合并过程允许将单独作为非威胁项目通过的多个对象组合成正确分类为威胁的单个项目。如果需要，系统还可以识别含有液体的物体。

7. 发明授权

US6067366A Apparatus and method for detecting objects in computed tomography data using erosion and dilation of objects 失效
标题翻译：用于使用对象的侵蚀和扩张来检测计算机断层摄影数据中的物体的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US6067366A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US22204
申请日：1998-02-11
申请人： Sergey Simanovsky , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Sergey Simanovsky , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G06K9/00 , G06K9/42 , G06T7/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/0004 , G06K9/00771 , G06K2209/09
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting objects in computed tomography (CT) data are disclosed. Erosion of the data can be performed by identifying a neighborhood of voxels surrounding a voxel of interest. If the number of voxels having densities below a predetermined threshold exceeds a predetermined number, then it is assumed that the voxel of interest is a surface voxel of an object and is removed from the object. A connectivity process is then applied to remaining voxels to combine them into objects. A dilation function can then be performed on the eroded object to replace surface voxels removed by erosion. This morphological connected components labeling (CCL) approach separates adjacent objects in the data such that they can be individually labeled and analyzed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于检测计算机断层摄影（CT）数据中的物体的方法和装置。可以通过识别感兴趣的体素周围的体素的邻域来执行数据的侵蚀。如果具有低于预定阈值的密度的体素的数量超过预定数量，则假设感兴趣的体素是对象的表面体素并且从对象中移除。然后将连接过程应用于剩余的体素以将它们组合成对象。然后可以对侵蚀的物体执行扩张功能，以取代被侵蚀除去的表面体素。这种形态连通的组件标记（CCL）方法将数据中的相邻对象分开，使得它们可以被单独标记和分析。

8. 发明授权

US6035014A Multiple-stage apparatus and method for detecting objects in computed tomography data 失效
标题翻译：用于检测计算机断层摄影数据中的物体的多级装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US6035014A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-07
申请号：US22164
申请日：1998-02-11
申请人： Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Sergey Simanovsky , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Sergey Simanovsky , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G06K9/00771 , G06K2209/09 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting objects in computed tomography (CT) data are disclosed. Sheet-shaped objects such as sheet explosives can be detected by analyzing a neighborhood of voxels surrounding a test voxel. If the density of the test voxel is sufficiently different from the mean density of the neighboring voxels, then it is concluded that the test voxel is associated with a sheet object. Sheet objects can also be detected by eroding the CT data so as to eliminate voxels associated with thin objects. Remaining objects are then subtracted from the original data, leaving only thin sheet-shaped objects. Bulk objects can be detected by a modified morphological connected components labeling (CCL) approach which performs a series of erosion and dilation steps to separate adjacent objects in the data such that they can be individually labeled and analyzed. The process of the invention can be carried out in multiple paths. That is, for example, a sheet object detection process and a bulk object detection process can be implemented separately and in parallel. During the sheet object detection process, the data can be analyzed to identify bulk objects. Those objects can then be removed from the data and the remaining data can then be analyzed to identify any remaining sheets. Redundant analysis of data is eliminated.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于检测计算机断层摄影（CT）数据中的物体的方法和装置。可以通过分析围绕测试体素的体素周围来检测片状物体，例如片状炸药。如果测试体素的密度与相邻体元的平均密度有很大的不同，则可以得出结论，测试体素与片材物体相关联。也可以通过侵蚀CT数据来检测片材物体，以消除与薄物体相关联的体素。然后从原始数据中减去剩余对象，只留下薄片状物体。大量物体可以通过修改后的形态连接分量标记（CCL）方法进行检测，该方法执行一系列侵蚀和扩张步骤以分离数据中的相邻物体，使得它们可以被单独标记和分析。本发明的方法可以在多条路径中进行。也就是说，例如，可以单独地并行地实现片材对象检测处理和批量对象检测处理。在纸张对象检测过程中，可以分析数据以识别批量对象。然后可以从数据中删除那些对象，然后可以分析剩余的数据以识别任何剩余的纸张。数据的冗余分析被消除。

9. 发明授权

US6026143A Apparatus and method for detecting sheet objects in computed tomography data 失效
标题翻译：用于在计算机断层摄影数据中检测片材物体的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US6026143A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US22165
申请日：1998-02-11
申请人： Sergey Simanovsky , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Sergey Simanovsky , Ibrahim M. Bechwati , Muzaffer Hiraoglu , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G06K9/00771 , G06K2209/09 , Y10S378/901
摘要： Sheet-shaped objects can be detected by analyzing voxels surrounding a test voxel. If the density different from the mean density then the test voxel is associated with a sheet object. Sheet objects can also be detected by eroding the CT data. Remaining objects are then subtracted from the original data removing with surface voxels, being removed. A connectivity process combines voxels into objects after sheets are detected A dilation function replaces surface voxels removed by erosion. A corrected mass can be compared to mass thresholds to classify the object. Multiple mass thresholds can be used, each of which is associated with a particular density range based on the density of an expected threat object. Bulk objects can be detected by a modified morphological connected components labeling (CCL) approach. A merging process can be used to reconnect related items, The system can also identify objects that contain liquids. The overall system performance, including overall object detection rate and false alarm rate, can be adjusted by adjusting individual object detection rates and/or false alarm rates.
摘要翻译：可以通过分析测试体素周围的体素来检测片状物体。如果密度与平均密度不同，则测试体素与片材物体相关联。也可以通过侵蚀CT数据来检测纸张对象。然后从原始数据中删除剩余的对象，删除表面体素。连接过程在检测到纸张之后将体素组合到对象中扩张功能取代了被侵蚀消除的表面体素。可以将校正的质量与质量阈值进行比较以对对象进行分类。可以使用多个质量阈值，每个质量阈值基于预期威胁对象的密度与特定密度范围相关联。大量物体可以通过修改后的形态连接元件标记（CCL）方法进行检测。合并过程可用于重新连接相关项目，系统还可以识别含有液体的物体。可以通过调整个别物体检测率和/或误报率来调整整体系统性能，包括总体物体检测率和误报率。

10. 发明授权

US5848117A Apparatus and method for computed tomography scanning using halfscan reconstruction with asymmetric detector system 失效
标题翻译：用不对称检测器系统进行半扫描重建的计算机断层扫描仪的设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US5848117A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US904516
申请日：1997-08-01
申请人： Steven N. Urchuk , Christopher C. Ruth , Carl R. Crawford
发明人： Steven N. Urchuk , Christopher C. Ruth , Carl R. Crawford
IPC分类号： A61B6/03
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/027 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method and apparatus for halfscan reconstruction in a CT scanning system using an asymmetric detector system are described. In halfscan asymmetric (HSA) reconstruction, a halfscan reconstruction approach is used for data acquired by the symmetric portion of the array, and a fullscan reconstruction approach is used to reconstruct data acquired by the asymmetric portion of the array. When scanning oversized subjects which extend beyond the symmetric field of view of the array, a halfscan reconstruction approach is used which applies a zero weighting to data acquired by the asymmetric portion of the array and ramps data acquired by the asymmetric portion to zero.
摘要翻译：描述了使用不对称检测器系统的CT扫描系统中半扫描重建的方法和装置。在半扫描不对称（HSA）重建中，半扫描重建方法用于由阵列的对称部分获取的数据，并且全扫描重建方法用于重建由阵列的不对称部分获取的数据。当扫描超过阵列的对称视场的超大对象时，使用半扫描重建方法，其对由阵列的不对称部分获取的数据施加零加权，并将由非对称部分获取的数据斜坡化为零。

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