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1. 发明授权

US07889711B1 Filtering traffic based on associated forwarding equivalence classes 有权
标题翻译：基于相关联的转发等价类过滤流量
公开(公告)号：US07889711B1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US11192747
申请日：2005-07-29
申请人： Ina Minei , James Washburn , Shivani Aggarwal
发明人： Ina Minei , James Washburn , Shivani Aggarwal
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/38 , H04L45/30 , H04L45/507
摘要： Filters are selectively applied to packets depending on forwarding equivalence classes (FECs) of the packets. A FEC filter is defined within the network device and qualified by incoming interface information that identifies source sites of the packets. A label distribution protocol (LDP) FEC is configured such that packets of the given FEC are associated with the FEC filter. The FEC identifies a destination site of the packets received by the router and is automatically combined with incoming interface information. In this way, packet flows may be filtered based on FECs of the packets. FEC filters may be further refined to operate at forwarding class granularity. The techniques allow accurate billing of packets traveling between specific source and destination sites regardless of the number of interfaces of the network device the packets utilize. In addition, the filtering can be used to provide anti-spoofing capabilities.
摘要翻译：过滤器根据分组的转发等价类（FEC）选择性地应用于分组。 FEC过滤器被定义在网络设备内，并且通过标识分组的源站点的传入接口信息限定。标签分发协议（LDP）FEC被配置为使得给定FEC的分组与FEC滤波器相关联。 FEC识别路由器接收到的报文的目的站点，并自动与传入的接口信息进行组合。以这种方式，可以基于分组的FEC来过滤分组流。可以进一步改进FEC过滤器以在转发类粒度下操作。这些技术允许在特定源和目的地站点之间行进的分组的准确计费，而不管分组使用的网络设备的接口数量。此外，该过滤可用于提供防欺骗功能。

2. 发明授权

US08467411B1 Service-specific forwarding in an LDP-RSVP hybrid network 有权
标题翻译： LDP-RSVP混合网络中的业务转发
公开(公告)号：US08467411B1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-18
申请号：US12917294
申请日：2010-11-01
申请人： Ina Minei , Arthi R. Ayyangar , Nischal Sheth , Chaitanya Kodeboyina
发明人： Ina Minei , Arthi R. Ayyangar , Nischal Sheth , Chaitanya Kodeboyina
IPC分类号： H04J3/16 , H04J3/22 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/306 , H04L45/24 , H04L45/3065 , H04L45/50
摘要： A router receives a control plane message for constructing a first LSP to a destination within a network that conforms to a first type of LSP. The control plane message includes a label for the first LSP and an identifier that identifies a first type of data traffic. The router receives a second control plane message for constructing a second LSP that conforms to the first type of LSP. The second control plane message includes a label for the second LSP and an identifier that identifies a second type of data traffic. The router installs forwarding state in accordance with policies that associate the first and second types of data traffic with different LSPs of a second type that each traverse different paths through the network, and forwards packets via the interface in accordance with the installed forwarding state.
摘要翻译：路由器接收到用于构建到符合第一类型的LSP的网络内的目的地的第一LSP的控制平面消息。控制平面消息包括用于第一LSP的标签和标识第一类型的数据业务的标识符。路由器接收用于构建符合第一类型的LSP的第二LSP的第二控制平面消息。第二控制平面消息包括用于第二LSP的标签和标识第二类型的数据业务的标识符。路由器根据将第一类和第二类数据流量与不同的第二类型的LSP相关联的策略来安装转发状态，每个LSP遍历不同的路径，并根据安装的转发状态通过接口转发数据包。

3. 发明授权

US08000327B1 Quality of service (QoS)-aware forwarding in an MPLS network with tactical traffic engineering 有权
标题翻译：服务质量（QoS） - 在MPLS网络中进行战术流量工程的转发
公开(公告)号：US08000327B1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-16
申请号：US11567570
申请日：2006-12-06
申请人： Ina Minei , Nischal Sheth , Hannes Gredler
发明人： Ina Minei , Nischal Sheth , Hannes Gredler
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/50 , H04L45/306
摘要： A router comprises an interface for receiving packets, wherein the packets include Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels having the same label value that corresponds to an MPLS label switched path (LSP), and wherein each of the MPLS packets includes MPLS experimental (EXP) bits defined to identify a class of service to which the respective packet belongs. The router is a transit router along the MPLS LSP, and further includes a control unit that, for each of the packets, accesses forwarding information to determine whether to forward the packet along the LSP or to redirect the packet along a second LSP based on the classes of service specified in the EXP bits. The router receives policies via a user interface, and applies the policies to index into the forwarding information to select a forwarding entry, wherein the index is responsive to the label value in combination with the EXP bits.
摘要翻译：路由器包括用于接收分组的接口，其中所述分组包括与MPLS标签交换路径（LSP）相对应的具有相同标签值的多协议标签交换（MPLS）标签，并且其中每个MPLS分组包括MPLS实验（EXP）定义为识别相应分组所属的服务类别的比特。该路由器是沿着MPLS LSP的中转路由器，还包括一个控制单元，对于每一个分组，该控制单元访问转发信息以确定是沿着LSP转发分组还是基于第二个LSP重定向分组 EXP位中指定的服务等级。路由器通过用户界面接收策略，并将策略应用到转发信息中以选择转发条目，其中索引响应于标签值与EXP比特结合。

4. 发明授权

US08514866B1 Filtering traffic based on associated forwarding equivalence classes 有权
标题翻译：基于相关联的转发等价类过滤流量
公开(公告)号：US08514866B1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-20
申请号：US13027122
申请日：2011-02-14
申请人： Ina Minei , James Washburn , Shivani Aggarwal
发明人： Ina Minei , James Washburn , Shivani Aggarwal
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/38 , H04L45/30 , H04L45/507
摘要： Filters are selectively applied to packets depending on forwarding equivalence classes (FECs) of the packets. A FEC filter is defined within the network device and qualified by incoming interface information that identifies source sites of the packets. A label distribution protocol (LDP) FEC is configured such that packets of the given FEC are associated with the FEC filter. The FEC identifies a destination site of the packets received by the router and is automatically combined with incoming interface information. In this way, packet flows may be filtered based on FECs of the packets. FEC filters may be further refined to operate at forwarding class granularity. The techniques allow accurate billing of packets traveling between specific source and destination sites regardless of the number of interfaces of the network device the packets utilize. In addition, the filtering can be used to provide anti-spoofing capabilities.
摘要翻译：过滤器根据分组的转发等价类（FEC）选择性地应用于分组。 FEC过滤器被定义在网络设备内，并且通过标识分组的源站点的传入接口信息限定。标签分发协议（LDP）FEC被配置为使得给定FEC的分组与FEC滤波器相关联。 FEC识别路由器接收到的报文的目的站点，并自动与传入的接口信息进行组合。以这种方式，可以基于分组的FEC来过滤分组流。可以进一步改进FEC过滤器以在转发类粒度下操作。这些技术允许在特定源和目的地站点之间行进的分组的准确计费，而不管分组使用的网络设备的接口数量。此外，该过滤可用于提供防欺骗功能。

5. 发明授权

US07564803B1 Point to multi-point label switched paths with label distribution protocol 有权
标题翻译：指向具有标签分发协议的多点标签交换路径
公开(公告)号：US07564803B1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-21
申请号：US11215813
申请日：2005-08-29
申请人： Ina Minei , Kireeti Kompella , Nischal Sheth
发明人： Ina Minei , Kireeti Kompella , Nischal Sheth
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/16 , H04L45/302 , H04L45/50 , H04L45/507
摘要： The label distribution protocol (LDP) is extended to set up a point to multi-point (P2MP) label switched path (LSP) across a computer network from a source network device to one or more destination network devices. LDP is extended to create a P2MP label map message containing a label and a P2MP forwarding equivalence class (FEC) element having a root node address and an identifier. The P2MP FEC element may, for example, associate an address of the root node of the P2MP LSP with an opaque identifier. The P2MP FEC element uniquely identifies the P2MP LSP. The P2MP FEC element may be advertised with a label in a P2MP label map message. A source network device or the destination network devices may initiate setup and teardown of the P2MP LSP. The P2MP label map messages may be propagated from the destination network devices to the source network device.
摘要翻译：标签分发协议（LDP）被扩展以在计算机网络上从源网络设备到一个或多个目的地网络设备建立点到多点（P2MP）标签交换路径（LSP）。扩展LDP以创建包含标签的P2MP标签映射消息和具有根节点地址和标识符的P2MP转发等价类（FEC）元素。例如，P2MP FEC元素可以将P2MP LSP的根节点的地址与不透明标识符相关联。 P2MP FEC元素唯一标识P2MP LSP。 P2MP FEC元素可以在P2MP标签映射消息中用标签通告。源网络设备或目的网络设备可以启动P2MP LSP的建立和拆卸。 P2MP标签映射消息可以从目的网络设备传播到源网络设备。

6. 发明授权

US08279754B1 RSVP-passive interfaces for traffic engineering peering links in MPLS networks 有权
标题翻译： MPLS网络中流量工程对等链路的RSVP-被动接口
公开(公告)号：US08279754B1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-02
申请号：US12491800
申请日：2009-06-25
申请人： Ina Minei , Der-Hwa Gan , Pedro R. Marques
发明人： Ina Minei , Der-Hwa Gan , Pedro R. Marques
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L41/0896 , H04L45/24 , H04L45/50 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/125 , H04L47/724 , H04L47/822
摘要： Constraint information associated with peering links is taken into account when establishing label switched paths (LSPs) to exit points of a network. Devices within the network, such as routers, designate interfaces associated with peering links as “passive interfaces” to indicate that the interfaces should be included for bandwidth accounting purposes and internal path computation. Other devices within the network utilize the constraint information, e.g., bandwidth availability, when computing and establishing LSPs to the exit points of the network to avoid congested peering links.
摘要翻译：当建立标签交换路径（LSP）以退出网络点时，会考虑与对等链路相关联的约束信息。网络中的设备（如路由器）将与对等链路相关联的接口指定为被动接口，以指示接口应包括在带宽计费和内部路径计算之中。当网络的出口点计算和建立LSP以避免拥塞的对等链路时，网络内的其他设备利用约束信息，例如带宽可用性。

7. 发明授权

US08176201B1 Controlling the signaling of label-switched paths using a label distribution protocol employing messages which facilitate the use of external prefixes 有权
标题翻译：使用使用有助于使用外部前缀的消息的标签分发协议来控制标签交换路径的信令
公开(公告)号：US08176201B1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-08
申请号：US10702184
申请日：2003-11-05
申请人： Ina Minei , Nischal Sheth , Pedro R. Marques , Yakov Rekhter
发明人： Ina Minei , Nischal Sheth , Pedro R. Marques , Yakov Rekhter
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L45/507
摘要： Label distribution protocol (LDP) signaled label-switched paths (LSPs) are supported without requiring information about remote autonomous systems (ASs) to be injected into the local interior gateway protocol (IGP). This may be done by (i) decoupling a forwarding equivalency class (FEC) element from the routing information, and (ii) specifying a next hop on which the FEC relies. An LDP messaging structure (e.g., an LDP type-length-value (TLV)) that includes a label, FEC information (e.g., a host address or prefix of an egress LSR of the LSP) and a next hop (e.g., a host address or prefix of a border node, such as an AS border router (ASBR)) may be provided. This messaging structure may be included in one or more of (a) label mapping messages, (b) label withdraw messages, and (c) label release messages. If an LDP message including the expanded LDP messaging structure is received at a node, the node may determine whether or not to propagate the LSP using the next hop information, rather than the FEC information. If, on the other hand, the LDP message includes a normal LDP messaging structure, the node may determine whether or not to propagate the LSP as usual.
摘要翻译：支持标签分发协议（LDP）信令的标签交换路径（LSP），而不需要将关于远程自治系统（AS）的信息注入到本地内部网关协议（IGP）中。这可以通过（i）将转发等价类（FEC）元素与路由信息分离，以及（ii）指定FEC所依赖的下一跳来完成。包括标签，FEC信息（例如，LSP的出口LSR的主机地址或前缀）和下一跳（例如，主机）的LDP消息传递结构（例如，LDP类型长度值（TLV））可以提供诸如AS边界路由器（ASBR）之类的边界节点的地址或前缀。这种消息传递结构可以包括在（a）标签映射消息，（b）标签提取消息和（c）标签释放消息中的一个或多个中。如果在节点处接收到包含扩展的LDP消息收发结构的LDP消息，则节点可以使用下一跳信息来确定是否传播LSP，而不是FEC信息。另一方面，如果LDP消息包含正常的LDP消息收发结构，那么该节点可以像往常一样来确定是否传播LSP。

8. 发明授权

US07940698B1 Point to multi-point label switched paths with label distribution protocol 有权
标题翻译：指向具有标签分发协议的多点标签交换路径
公开(公告)号：US07940698B1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-10
申请号：US12499606
申请日：2009-07-08
申请人： Ina Minei , Kireeti Kompella , Nischal Sheth
发明人： Ina Minei , Kireeti Kompella , Nischal Sheth
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/16 , H04L45/302 , H04L45/50 , H04L45/507
摘要： The label distribution protocol (LDP) is extended to set up a point to multi-point (P2MP) label switched path (LSP) across a computer network from a source network device to one or more destination network devices. LDP is extended to create a P2MP label map message containing a label and a P2MP forwarding equivalence class (FEC) element having a root node address and an identifier. The P2MP FEC element may, for example, associate an address of the root node of the P2MP LSP with an opaque identifier. The P2MP FEC element uniquely identifies the P2MP LSP. The P2MP FEC element may be advertised with a label in a P2MP label map message. A source network device or the destination network devices may initiate setup and teardown of the P2MP LSP. The P2MP label map messages may be propagated from the destination network devices to the source network device.
摘要翻译：标签分发协议（LDP）被扩展以在计算机网络上从源网络设备到一个或多个目的地网络设备建立点到多点（P2MP）标签交换路径（LSP）。扩展LDP以创建包含标签的P2MP标签映射消息和具有根节点地址和标识符的P2MP转发等价类（FEC）元素。例如，P2MP FEC元素可以将P2MP LSP的根节点的地址与不透明标识符相关联。 P2MP FEC元素唯一标识P2MP LSP。 P2MP FEC元素可以在P2MP标签映射消息中用标签通告。源网络设备或目的网络设备可以启动P2MP LSP的建立和拆卸。 P2MP标签映射消息可以从目的网络设备传播到源网络设备。

9. 发明授权

US07889652B1 Traffic engineering using extended bandwidth accounting information 有权
标题翻译：流量工程使用扩展带宽会计信息
公开(公告)号：US07889652B1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US12508375
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： Ina Minei , Pedro R. Marques
发明人： Ina Minei , Pedro R. Marques
IPC分类号： G08C15/00 , H04J3/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/507 , H04L43/0882 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/125 , H04L45/302
摘要： A system distributes extended traffic accounting information of bandwidth availability on links throughout a network. For example, routers within the network utilize an extended reservation protocol to calculate bandwidth availability information for links. In calculating the bandwidth availability information, the extended reservation protocol accounts for not only the amount of bandwidth reserved on each of links via the resource reservation protocol itself, but also for the bandwidth usage by other traffic on the links, such as Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) traffic or Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. The routers exchange bandwidth availability information using a routing protocol to gain network-wide knowledge of bandwidth availability.
摘要翻译：系统在整个网络的链路上分配带宽可用性的扩展流量统计信息。例如，网络内的路由器利用扩展预留协议来计算链路的带宽可用性信息。在计算带宽可用性信息时，扩展预留协议不仅要考虑通过资源预留协议本身在每个链路上保留的带宽量，而且还考虑链路上的其他流量的带宽使用，例如标签分发协议 LDP）流量或Internet协议（IP）流量。路由器使用路由协议交换带宽可用性信息，以获得网络范围的带宽可用性知识。

10. 发明授权

US07826482B1 Service-specific forwarding in an LDP-RSVP hybrid network 有权
标题翻译： LDP-RSVP混合网络中的业务转发
公开(公告)号：US07826482B1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-02
申请号：US11642162
申请日：2006-12-20
申请人： Ina Minei , Arthi R. Ayyangar , Nischal Sheth , Chaitanya Kodeboyina
发明人： Ina Minei , Arthi R. Ayyangar , Nischal Sheth , Chaitanya Kodeboyina
IPC分类号： H04J3/16 , H04J3/22 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/306 , H04L45/24 , H04L45/3065 , H04L45/50
摘要： A router receives a control plane message for constructing a first LSP to a destination within a network that conforms to a first type of LSP. The control plane message includes a label for the first LSP and an identifier that identifies a first type of data traffic. The router receives a second control plane message for constructing a second LSP that conforms to the first type of LSP. The second control plane message includes a label for the second LSP and an identifier that identifies a second type of data traffic. The router installs forwarding state in accordance with policies that associate the first and second types of data traffic with different LSPs of a second type that each traverse different paths through the network, and forwards packets via the interface in accordance with the installed forwarding state.
摘要翻译：路由器接收到用于构建到符合第一类型的LSP的网络内的目的地的第一LSP的控制平面消息。控制平面消息包括用于第一LSP的标签和标识第一类型的数据业务的标识符。路由器接收用于构建符合第一类型的LSP的第二LSP的第二控制平面消息。第二控制平面消息包括用于第二LSP的标签和标识第二类型的数据业务的标识符。路由器根据将第一类和第二类数据流量与不同的第二类型的LSP相关联的策略来安装转发状态，每个LSP遍历不同的路径，并根据安装的转发状态通过接口转发数据包。

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