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1. 发明授权

US09178797B2 Selective BGP graceful restart in redundant router deployments 有权
标题翻译：冗余路由器部署中的选择性BGP平滑重启
公开(公告)号：US09178797B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-03
申请号：US13539424
申请日：2012-06-30
申请人： John Galen Scudder , Ross W. Callon
发明人： John Galen Scudder , Ross W. Callon
IPC分类号： H04L12/26 , H04L12/755 , H04L12/757 , H04L29/14 , H04L12/24 , H04L12/715
CPC分类号： H04L45/021 , H04L41/0668 , H04L41/0672 , H04L45/023 , H04L45/04 , H04L45/28 , H04L69/40
摘要： In general, techniques are described for selectively invoking graceful restart procedures when a route reflector member of a redundant route cluster fails. In one example, a method is provided that includes determining, by a provider edge router that supports graceful restart procedures, that a first router forms a redundant group with at least a second router. The method also includes detecting a failure of the first router and determining that at least the second router in the redundant group is operating approximately while the first router is failed. The method further includes overriding graceful restart procedures with respect to the failed first router when at least the second router is operating. The method also includes forwarding one or more data packets according to route information provided via the second router.
摘要翻译：一般来说，描述了当冗余路由集群的路由反射器成员发生故障时选择性地调用优雅重启过程的技术。在一个示例中，提供了一种方法，其包括由支持平滑重启过程的提供商边缘路由器确定第一路由器与至少第二路由器形成冗余组。该方法还包括检测第一路由器的故障，并且确定至少第二路由器在第一路由器发生故障时大致操作冗余组中的第二路由器。该方法还包括当至少第二路由器正在运行时相对于故障的第一路由器重写优雅的重新启动过程。该方法还包括根据经由第二路由器提供的路由信息转发一个或多个数据分组。

2. 发明授权

US07852772B2 Method of implementing a backup path in an autonomous system 有权
标题翻译：在自治系统中实现备份路径的方法
公开(公告)号：US07852772B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-14
申请号：US11254609
申请日：2005-10-20
申请人： Clarence Filsfils , Stewart Bryant , Ian Michael Charles Shand , David D. Ward , John Galen Scudder
发明人： Clarence Filsfils , Stewart Bryant , Ian Michael Charles Shand , David D. Ward , John Galen Scudder
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/18 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28
摘要： A method of implementing a backup path in an autonomous system (AS) for failure of an inter-AS link is described. The method comprises forwarding data elements destined for the failed link via a backup path and including a loop prevention attribute in the packet.
摘要翻译：描述了在自治系统（AS）中实现AS间链路故障的备用路径的方法。该方法包括经由备份路径转发去往故障链路的数据元素，并在分组中包括环路防止属性。

3. 发明授权

US07496650B1 Identifying and suppressing transient routing updates 有权
标题翻译：识别和抑制瞬态路由更新
公开(公告)号：US07496650B1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-24
申请号：US10811626
申请日：2004-03-29
申请人： Stefano Benedetto Previdi , John Galen Scudder , Clarence Filsfils , David Delano Ward
发明人： Stefano Benedetto Previdi , John Galen Scudder , Clarence Filsfils , David Delano Ward
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G01R31/08 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/028 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/48 , H04L69/14 , H04L69/40
摘要： One or more sets of routing information are maintained. A network topology change indication of a progressive series of network changes is received, with at least one more associated network topology change indication of the progressive series of network changes expected to be received in the future. An updated set of routing information is computed based on the network topology change indication, and a determination is made as to whether or not the updated set of routing information changes nexthop information for one or more routes. In response to determining that the new set of routing information does not change nexthop information for said one or more routes and given the expectation of at least one more associated network topology change indication of the progressive series of network changes is expected to be received in the future, the routing information is not updated based on the updated set of routing information.
摘要翻译：维护一组或多组路由信息。接收到逐渐的一系列网络改变的网络拓扑变化指示，其中至少一个更多关联的网络拓扑改变预期在将来接收的渐进的一系列网络变化的指示。基于网络拓扑变化指示计算更新的路由信息集合，并且确定更新的路由信息集合是否改变一个或多个路由的下一跳信息。响应于确定新的路由信息集合不会改变用于所述一个或多个路由的下一跳信息，并且给出期望至少一个更相关联的网络拓扑结构的变化指示逐渐的一系列网络改变将在未来，路由信息不会根据更新的路由信息集进行更新。

4. 发明授权

US07855953B2 Method and apparatus for managing forwarding of data in an autonomous system 有权
标题翻译：用于管理自主系统中的数据转发的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07855953B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-21
申请号：US11254468
申请日：2005-10-20
申请人： Clarence Filsfils , John Galen Scudder , Stefano B. Previdi
发明人： Clarence Filsfils , John Galen Scudder , Stefano B. Previdi
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L45/22 , H04L12/4633 , H04L45/04 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/50
摘要： A method of managing forwarding of data in a first autonomous system (AS) is described. The first AS includes a plurality of border routers having inter-domain links to one or more remote AS's and an associated exterior communications protocol. The border routers use an interior communications protocol with other border routers in the first AS using primary tunnels. The method comprises the steps, performed at a first border router having a primary route via an inter-domain link to a remote AS, of constructing an alternate route to the remote AS via second border router in the first AS, instigating a backup tunnel to the second border router upon failure of the primary route and sending a failure message to the other border routers.
摘要翻译：描述了在第一自治系统（AS）中管理数据转发的方法。第一AS包括具有到一个或多个远程AS的域间链接和相关联的外部通信协议的多个边界路由器。边界路由器使用内部通信协议与第一AS中的其他边界路由器使用主隧道。该方法包括以下步骤：在具有通过到远程AS的域间链路的主路由的第一边界路由器上执行的步骤，通过第一AS中的第二边界路由器构建到远程AS的备用路由，将备用隧道引导到主路由器故障时的第二个边界路由器，并向其他边界路由器发送故障消息。

5. 发明申请

US20100284403A1 SCALABLE ROUTING POLICY CONSTRUCTION USING DYNAMIC REDEFINITION OF ROUTING PREFERENCE VALUE 有权
标题翻译：使用动态优化路由优先级值的可扩展路由策略
公开(公告)号：US20100284403A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-11
申请号：US12463758
申请日：2009-05-11
申请人： John Galen Scudder
发明人： John Galen Scudder
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/124 , H04L45/04
摘要： In general, techniques are described to dynamically redefine a preference value used during route resolution. A network device, such as a router, may implement the techniques to improve a usability aspect of the router. The router may comprise an interface card that receives messages describing one or more of a plurality of routes. The router may also include a control unit that stores data defining a policy. The policy may comprise rules by which the router determines the preference value for one of the plurality of routes. The policy dynamically redefines the preference value as two or more bit fields rather than viewing the preference value as an integer value. The control unit further sets each of the two or more bit fields of the local preference value in accordance with the policy and associates the at least one of the routes with the determined local preference value.
摘要翻译：通常，技术被描述为动态地重新定义在路由解析期间使用的偏好值。诸如路由器的网络设备可以实现技术来改进路由器的可用性方面。路由器可以包括接收卡，其接收描述多个路由中的一个或多个的消息。路由器还可以包括存储定义策略的数据的控制单元。策略可以包括路由器确定多个路由之一的偏好值的规则。策略动态地将偏好值重新定义为两个或多个位字段，而不是将偏好值视为整数值。控制单元还根据策略进一步设置本地偏好值的两个或多个比特字段中的每一个，并将至少一个路由与确定的本地优选值相关联。

6. 发明授权

US07633874B1 Soft notification messaging for a routing protocol 有权
标题翻译：路由协议的软通知消息
公开(公告)号：US07633874B1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-15
申请号：US10833811
申请日：2004-04-28
申请人： Gargi Nalawade , Keyur P. Patel , John Galen Scudder , David D. Ward
发明人： Gargi Nalawade , Keyur P. Patel , John Galen Scudder , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： G06F11/00 , G01R31/08 , G08C15/00 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/04
摘要： A soft notification technique isolates address family application based errors or events occurring within a routing protocol, such as the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), used to exchange routing information between a router and its peer router over a BGP session operating on a reliable transport. The technique apportions the session into a plurality of logical subsets, each of which is associated with an address family application (AFI/SAFI) module of a BGP protocol executing on the routers. BGP soft notification messaging is employed to allow the router to notify its peer of an isolated error condition or event associated with an AFI/SAFI module. Isolation of the error/event enables restart (“soft reset”) of only the associated AFI/SAFI module, thereby obviating the need to reset or terminate the entire BGP session and reliable transport between the router and peer. Notably, soft reset of the module occurs without disrupting services provided by other AFI/SAFI modules of the BGP protocol.
摘要翻译：软通知技术隔离在路由协议（如边界网关协议（BGP））中发生的地址族应用程序错误或事件，用于通过在可靠传输上运行的BGP会话在路由器与其对等路由器之间交换路由信息。该技术将会话分配到多个逻辑子集中，每个逻辑子集与在路由器上执行的BGP协议的地址族应用（AFI / SAFI）模块相关联。使用BGP软通知消息传递来允许路由器通知其对等体与AFI / SAFI模块相关联的隔离的错误状况或事件。隔离错误/事件只能使相关的AFI / SAFI模块重新启动（“软复位”），从而避免重置或终止整个BGP会话以及路由器和对等体之间的可靠传输。值得注意的是，模块的软复位不会中断BGP协议的其他AFI / SAFI模块提供的服务。

7. 发明授权

US07499459B1 Partitioned routing information base 有权
标题翻译：分区路由信息库
公开(公告)号：US07499459B1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-03
申请号：US10772484
申请日：2004-02-05
申请人： John Galen Scudder , David Delano Ward , Paul A. Jensen
发明人： John Galen Scudder , David Delano Ward , Paul A. Jensen
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/60 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/52
摘要： A system and method for routing in a network according to a routing protocol. In a router having a plurality of route processors, a routing information base (RIB) is partitioned so that it executes as processes on two or more of the plurality of route processors. A first routing protocol process executing on one or more of the route processes determines a route to a destination in a given network and stores the route in a routing information base (RIB) associated with the first routing protocol process. The first routing protocol process updates a global routing information base (gRIB) with the new route. A gRIB process associated with the gRIB then writes the route from the gRIB to the routing information base (RIB) associated with the second routing protocol process.
摘要翻译：一种根据路由协议在网络中路由的系统和方法。在具有多个路由处理器的路由器中，分配路由信息库（RIB），使得其作为多个路由处理器中的两个或更多个处理器执行。在一个或多个路由进程上执行的第一路由协议进程确定到给定网络中的目的地的路由，并将路由存储在与第一路由协议进程相关联的路由信息库（RIB）中。第一个路由协议进程使用新路由更新全局路由信息库（gRIB）。与gRIB相关联的gRIB过程然后将路由从gRIB写入与第二路由协议进程相关联的路由信息库（RIB）。

8. 发明授权

US07461154B2 Communication arrangement between virtual routers of a physical router 有权
标题翻译：物理路由器的虚拟路由器之间的通信安排
公开(公告)号：US07461154B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-02
申请号：US10992499
申请日：2004-11-18
申请人： Rodolphe Figaro , David D. Ward , Anca Zamfir , John Galen Scudder
发明人： Rodolphe Figaro , David D. Ward , Anca Zamfir , John Galen Scudder
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/586
摘要： A virtual router (VR) communication arrangement enables services on different VRs executing on the same physical router to communicate without utilizing or substantially consuming communication resources, such as a network protocol stack and physical interfaces, of the physical router. The services are illustratively implemented as separately-scheduled VR processes executing on the physical router. A virtual router forwarding information base (vrFIB) is provided within a client socket library of each VR process and is used to determine whether the services are on the same physical router. If so, a lightweight interconnection is created between the services and a message (“packet”) is forwarded over that interconnection to effectuate communication. If the services are not on the same physical router, the packet is sent over the network protocol stack and communication is established using the communication resources of the router.
摘要翻译：虚拟路由器（VR）通信布置使得在相同物理路由器上执行的不同VR上的服务能够在不利用或基本上消耗物理路由器的诸如网络协议栈和物理接口的通信资源的情况下进行通信。这些服务被说明性地实现为在物理路由器上执行的单独调度的VR进程。虚拟路由器转发信息库（vrFIB）在每个VR进程的客户机套接字库中提供，用于确定服务是否在同一物理路由器上。如果是这样，则在服务之间创建轻量级互连，并且通过该互连转发消息（“分组”）以实现通信。如果业务不在同一物理路由器上，则通过网络协议栈发送数据包，并使用路由器的通信资源建立通信。

9. 发明申请

US20080147843A1 TECHNIQUE FOR GRACEFUL SHUTDOWN OF A ROUTING PROTOCOL IN A NETWORK 有权
标题翻译：网络路由协议严格关闭的技术
公开(公告)号：US20080147843A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-19
申请号：US12041378
申请日：2008-03-03
申请人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
发明人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/22
摘要： In one embodiment, a router generates a notification message that indicates the router is to be gracefully removed from service. The router sends the notification message to peers of the router in a network. The router then continues to forward packets for a grace period after sending the notification message, to permit backup paths to be propagated to peers, and to be put into service, prior to withdrawal from service of paths through the router. Thereafter, the router is removed from service at the expiration of the grace period.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，路由器生成指示路由器被正常地从服务中移除的通知消息。路由器向网络中的路由器的对等体发送通知消息。然后，在发送通知消息之后，路由器继续转发宽带时段，允许将备份路径传播到对等体，并在撤销通过路由器的路径服务之前投入使用。此后，在宽限期结束时，路由器将从服务中删除。

10. 发明授权

US07286468B2 Routing system and method for synchronizing a routing system with peers after failover 有权
标题翻译：故障转移后路由系统与对等体同步的路由系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07286468B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-23
申请号：US10293162
申请日：2002-11-12
申请人： John Galen Scudder , David Delano Ward
发明人： John Galen Scudder , David Delano Ward
IPC分类号： G01R31/08
CPC分类号： H04L45/28 , G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1658 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/54 , H04L45/58
摘要： A routing system provides for transparent routing system failover by checkpointing route prefixes during normal operation by maintaining a route prefix table. After failure of a primary routing processor, routing with peer routing systems is synchronized through the use of this prefix table. The prefix table is managed by the primary routing processor and is accessible by a backup routing processor at least after failure of the primary routing processor. Upon the detection of a failure, a backup routing processor solicits routes from peer routing systems in response to the failure and generates a backup routing database from the routes received from peer routing systems. The backup routing processor also compares prefixes of routes in the backup routing database with prefixes in the prefix table, and sends route withdraw messages to the peer routing systems for routes having prefixes listed in the prefix table and not identified in the backup routing database.
摘要翻译：路由系统通过维护路由前缀表，在正常操作期间通过检查点路由前缀来提供透明路由系统故障切换。在主路由处理器发生故障之后，通过使用该前缀表来同步与对等路由系统的路由。前缀表由主路由处理器管理，并且至少在主路由处理器故障之后可由备份路由处理器访问。在检测到故障时，备份路由处理器响应于故障从对等路由系统请求路由，并从从对等路由系统接收的路由生成备份路由数据库。备份路由处理器还将备份路由数据库中的路由前缀与前缀表中的前缀进行比较，并将路由撤回消息发送到对等路由系统，以获取前缀表中列出的前缀并且未在备份路由数据库中标识的路由。

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