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1. 发明授权

US07603339B2 Merging synopses to determine number of distinct values in large databases 有权
标题翻译：合并摘要以确定大型数据库中不同值的数量
公开(公告)号：US07603339B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-13
申请号：US11796110
申请日：2007-04-25
申请人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
发明人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30442 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99945
摘要： A method and apparatus for merging synopses to determine a database statistic, e.g., a number of distinct values (NDV), is disclosed. The merging can be used to determine an initial database statistic or to perform incremental statistics maintenance. For example, each synopsis can pertain to a different partition, such that merging the synopses generates a global statistic. When performing incremental maintenance, only those synopses whose partitions have changed need to be updated. Each synopsis contains domain values that summarize the statistic. However, the synopses may initially contain domain values that are not compatible with each other. Prior to merging the synopses the domain values in each synopsis is made compatible with the domain values in the other synopses. The adjustment is made such that each synopsis represents the same range of domain values, in one embodiment. After “compatible synopses” are formed, the synopses are merged by taking the union of the compatible synopses.
摘要翻译：公开了用于合并概要以确定数据库统计量的方法和装置，例如多个不同值（NDV）。合并可用于确定初始数据库统计信息或执行增量统计维护。例如，每个概要可以涉及不同的分区，以便合并概要会生成全局统计量。执行增量维护时，只需要更新其分区已更改的概要文件。每个概要包含总结统计量的域值。但是，这些概要可能最初包含彼此不兼容的域值。在合并概要之前，每个概要中的域值与其他概要中的域值兼容。在一个实施例中进行调整，使得每个概要表示相同范围的域值。在形成“兼容简介”之后，通过兼容兼容简报的合并来合并概要。

2. 发明申请

US20080120274A1 Approximating a database statistic 有权
标题翻译：近似数据库统计
公开(公告)号：US20080120274A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-22
申请号：US11796102
申请日：2007-04-25
申请人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
发明人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
IPC分类号： G06F7/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30442 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： A method and apparatus for approximating a database statistic, such as the number of distinct values (NDV) is provided. To approximate the NDV for a portion of a table, a synopsis of distinct values is constructed. Each value in the portion is mapped to a domain of values. The mapping function is implemented with a uniform hash function, in one embodiment. If the resultant domain value does not exist in the synopsis, the domain value is added to the synopsis. If the synopsis reaches its capacity, a portion of the domain values are discarded from the synopsis. The statistic is approximated based on the number (N) of domain values in the synopsis and the portion of the domain that is represented in the synopsis relative to the size of the domain.
摘要翻译：提供了用于近似数据库统计量的方法和装置，例如不同值（NDV）的数量。为了近似表的一部分的NDV，构建了不同值的概要。该部分中的每个值都映射到值的域。在一个实施例中，映射功能是用均匀散列函数实现的。如果在概要中不存在结果域值，则将域值添加到概要中。如果概要达到其容量，则域值的一部分将从摘要中被丢弃。统计量基于概要中的域值的数量（N）和在概要中相对于域的大小表示的域的部分近似。

3. 发明授权

US08392406B1 Determining a height-balanced histogram incrementally 有权
标题翻译：逐步确定高度平衡直方图
公开(公告)号：US08392406B1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-05
申请号：US12190885
申请日：2008-08-13
申请人： Fatih Emekci , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Uri Shaft
发明人： Fatih Emekci , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Uri Shaft
IPC分类号： G06F7/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/18 , G06F17/30501
摘要： A table-level histogram is maintained incrementally without requiring rescanning of the entire table when new data values are added to the table. A table has multiple partitions of data values. A histogram for data values of the partitions is generated. When a new partition of data values is added to the table, a histogram for only the new partition is generated. To generate a histogram for the entire table, the histograms for the previously generated and newly added partitions are used without needing to refer to the underlying data. A similar approach is applicable when modifying data values in a partition.
摘要翻译：当将新的数据值添加到表中时，表级别的直方图将逐步维护，而不需要对整个表进行重新扫描。一个表有多个分区的数据值。生成分区数据值的直方图。当新的分区数据值被添加到表中时，仅生成新分区的直方图。为了生成整个表的直方图，使用先前生成的和新添加的分区的直方图，而不需要参考底层数据。修改分区中的数据值时，也可以使用类似的方法。

4. 发明申请

US20100030728A1 COMPUTING SELECTIVITIES FOR GROUP OF COLUMNS AND EXPRESSIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于组和表达组的计算选择
公开(公告)号：US20100030728A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-04
申请号：US12181994
申请日：2008-07-29
申请人： Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
发明人： Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F16/24545
摘要： Techniques are described herein for estimating selectivities of query predicates that reference more than one column and predicates that include column expressions. Virtual columns are defined based on column groups and column expressions. Statistics are gathered on the virtual columns and are used to estimate the selectivities of query predicates that include column groups or expressions. Query predicates that include column groups are mapped to virtual columns on which statistics are gathered, based on similarities between the column groups in the query predicates and the column groups on which the virtual columns are defined. Virtual columns are defined for column groups and expressions are specified by users or a workload analyzer that analyzes query predicates.
摘要翻译：这里描述了用于估计引用多于一个列的查询谓词的选择性以及包括列表达式的谓词的技术。虚拟列是基于列组和列表达式定义的。在虚拟列上收集统计信息，并用于估计包含列组或表达式的查询谓词的选择性。根据查询谓词中的列组与定义了虚拟列的列组之间的相似性，将列组映射到收集统计信息的虚拟列的查询谓词。为列组定义虚拟列，表达式由用户或分析查询谓词的工作负载分析器指定。

5. 发明授权

US07636731B2 Approximating a database statistic 有权
标题翻译：近似数据库统计
公开(公告)号：US07636731B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-22
申请号：US11796102
申请日：2007-04-25
申请人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
发明人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30442 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： A method and apparatus for approximating a database statistic, such as the number of distinct values (NDV) is provided. To approximate the NDV for a portion of a table, a synopsis of distinct values is constructed. Each value in the portion is mapped to a domain of values. The mapping function is implemented with a uniform hash function, in one embodiment. If the resultant domain value does not exist in the synopsis, the domain value is added to the synopsis. If the synopsis reaches its capacity, a portion of the domain values are discarded from the synopsis. The statistic is approximated based on the number (N) of domain values in the synopsis and the portion of the domain that is represented in the synopsis relative to the size of the domain.
摘要翻译：提供了用于近似数据库统计量的方法和装置，例如不同值（NDV）的数量。为了近似表的一部分的NDV，构建了不同值的概要。该部分中的每个值都映射到值的域。在一个实施例中，映射功能是用均匀散列函数实现的。如果在概要中不存在结果域值，则将域值添加到概要中。如果概要达到其容量，则域值的一部分将从摘要中被丢弃。统计量基于概要中的域值的数量（N）和在概要中相对于域的大小表示的域的部分近似。

6. 发明申请

US20080120275A1 Merging synopses to determine number of distinct values in large databases 有权
标题翻译：合并摘要以确定大型数据库中不同值的数量
公开(公告)号：US20080120275A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-22
申请号：US11796110
申请日：2007-04-25
申请人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
发明人： Thierry Cruanes , Uri Shaft , Hong Su , Benoit Dageville , Sunil P. Chakkappen , Mohamed Zait
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30442 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99945
摘要： A method and apparatus for merging synopses to determine a database statistic, e.g., a number of distinct values (NDV), is disclosed. The merging can be used to determine an initial database statistic or to perform incremental statistics maintenance. For example, each synopsis can pertain to a different partition, such that merging the synopses generates a global statistic. When performing incremental maintenance, only those synopses whose partitions have changed need to be updated. Each synopsis contains domain values that summarize the statistic. However, the synopses may initially contain domain values that are not compatible with each other. Prior to merging the synopses the domain values in each synopsis is made compatible with the domain values in the other synopses. The adjustment is made such that each synopsis represents the same range of domain values, in one embodiment. After “compatible synopses” are formed, the synopses are merged by taking the union of the compatible synopses.
摘要翻译：公开了用于合并概要以确定数据库统计量的方法和装置，例如多个不同值（NDV）。合并可用于确定初始数据库统计信息或执行增量统计维护。例如，每个概要可以涉及不同的分区，以便合并概要会生成全局统计量。执行增量维护时，只需要更新其分区已更改的概要文件。每个概要包含总结统计量的域值。但是，这些概要可能最初包含彼此不兼容的域值。在合并概要之前，每个概要中的域值与其他概要中的域值兼容。在一个实施例中进行调整，使得每个概要表示相同范围的域值。在形成“兼容简介”之后，通过兼容兼容简报的合并来合并概要。

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