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1. 发明申请

US20150348315A1 Dynamic Lighting Effects For Textures Without Normal Maps 审中-公开
标题翻译：动态照明效果对于没有正常地图的纹理
公开(公告)号：US20150348315A1
公开(公告)日：2015-12-03
申请号：US14292636
申请日：2014-05-30
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Norman N. Wang , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Domenico P. Porcino , Timothy R. Oriol
IPC分类号： G06T15/80 , G06T1/20 , G06T13/20 , G06T7/40 , G06K9/46
CPC分类号： G06T1/20 , G06K9/4652 , G06T15/04
摘要： Systems, methods and program storage devices are disclosed, which comprise instructions to cause one or more processing units to dynamically render 3D lighting effects for a supplied 2D texture map—without the need for a programmer to supply a normal map along with the 2D texture map. According to some embodiments, an algorithm may inspect the pixel values (e.g., RGB values) of each individual pixel of the texture map, and, based on the pixel values, can accurately estimate where the lighting and shadow effects should be applied to the source 2D texture file to simulate 3D lighting. Further, because these effects are being rendered dynamically by the rendering and animation infrastructure, the techniques described herein work especially well for “dynamic content,” e.g., user-downloaded data, in-application user-created content, operating system (OS) icons, and other user interface (UI) elements for which programmers do not have access to normal maps a priori.
摘要翻译：公开了系统，方法和程序存储设备，其包括使一个或多个处理单元动态地渲染所提供的2D纹理映射的3D照明效果的指令，而不需要编程人员与2D纹理贴图一起提供法线贴图。根据一些实施例，算法可以检查纹理贴图的每个单独像素的像素值（例如，RGB值），并且基于像素值可以精确地估计应该将光照和阴影效应应用于源 2D纹理文件来模拟3D照明。此外，由于这些效果通过渲染和动画基础设施动态地呈现，所以本文所描述的技术特别适用于“动态内容”，例如用户下载的数据，应用内用户创建的内容，操作系统（OS）图标，以及程序员先前无法访问法线贴图的其他用户界面（UI）元素。

2. 发明授权

US09355464B2 Dynamic generation of texture atlases 有权
标题翻译：动态生成纹理地图集
公开(公告)号：US09355464B2
公开(公告)日：2016-05-31
申请号：US14292742
申请日：2014-05-30
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Timothy R. Oriol , Domenico P. Porcino , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Norman N. Wang
IPC分类号： G09G5/00 , G06T7/40 , G06T7/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/40 , G06T1/60 , G06T11/40
摘要： Systems, methods and program storage devices are disclosed, which comprise instructions to cause one or more processing units to analyze input images to a texture atlas and determine how each texture should be modified before being stored in the texture atlas to prevent undesirable drawing artifacts. For example, “tileable” images may be identified on a per-edge basis (e.g., by determining whether each edge pixel is above a certain opacity threshold). The tileable images may then be modified, e.g., by extruding a 1-pixel border identical to the outer row of pixels, before being stored in the texture atlas. “Character”-type sprites may also be identified on a per-edge basis (e.g., by determining whether each edge pixel is below the opacity threshold). The character-type sprites may then by modified by adding a single pixel transparent border around the outer rows of pixels before being stored in the texture atlas.
摘要翻译：公开了系统，方法和程序存储设备，其包括使一个或多个处理单元将输入图像分析到纹理图集的指令，并且确定在存储在纹理图集中之前应如何修改每个纹理以防止不期望的绘图伪像。例如，可以在每个边缘基础上（例如，通过确定每个边缘像素是否高于某一不透明度阈值）来识别“瓦片”图像。然后可以修改瓦片图像，例如通过在存储在纹理图集中之前挤出与外部像素行相同的1像素边界。也可以在每个边缘基础上（例如，通过确定每个边缘像素是否低于不透明度阈值）来识别“字符”型精灵。然后可以通过在存储在纹理图集中之前在像素的外部行周围添加单个像素透明边界来修改字符型精灵。

3. 发明申请

US20150348285A1 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING REFINED, HIGH FIDELITY NORMAL MAPS FOR 2D AND 3D TEXTURES 有权
标题翻译：用于生成二维和三维纹理的精制高分辨率正常图像的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20150348285A1
公开(公告)日：2015-12-03
申请号：US14292731
申请日：2014-05-30
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Norman N. Wang , Timothy R. Oriol , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Domenico P. Porcino
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06T5/00 , G06T3/40 , G09G5/02
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T3/40 , G06T5/002 , G06T5/003 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/503 , G09G5/026
摘要： Systems, methods and program storage devices are disclosed, which comprise instructions to cause one or more processing units to dynamically generate refined normal maps for 2D texture maps, e.g., supplied by a programmer or artist. Generally speaking, there are two pertinent properties to keep in balance when generating normal vectors comprising a normal map: “smoothness” and “bumpiness.” The smoothness of the normal vectors is influenced by how many neighboring pixels are involved in the “smoothening” calculation. Incorporating the influence of a greater number of neighboring pixels' values reduces the overall bumpiness of the normal map, as each pixel's value takes weight from those neighboring pixels. Thus, the techniques described herein iteratively: downsample height maps; generate normal maps; scale the normal maps to maintain bumpiness; and blend the generated scaled normal maps with generated normal maps from previous iterations—until the smoothness of the resultant normal map has reached desired levels.
摘要翻译：公开了系统，方法和程序存储设备，其包括使一个或多个处理单元动态地生成2D纹理贴图的精细法线贴图的指令，例如由程序员或艺术家提供。一般来说，当产生包含法线贴图的法向矢量时，有两个相关的属性保持平衡：“平滑度”和“颠簸”。法向矢量的平滑度受“平滑”计算中涉及的相邻像素数量的影响。结合更多数量的相邻像素值的影响可减少法线贴图的整体颠簸，因为每个像素的值从这些相邻像素获取权重。因此，本文描述的技术迭代地：下采样高度图; 生成法线贴图; 缩放法线贴图以保持颠簸; 并将生成的缩放法线图与先前迭代中生成的法线贴图混合，直到得到的法线贴图的平滑度达到期望水平。

4. 发明授权

US10055009B2 Dynamic display refresh rate based on device motion 有权
公开(公告)号：US10055009B2
公开(公告)日：2018-08-21
申请号：US14291464
申请日：2014-05-30
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Timothy R. Oriol , Norman N. Wang , Domenico P. Porcino , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg
IPC分类号： H04N5/228 , G06F3/01 , H04N5/232 , G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/01 , G06F1/1694 , G06F1/3265 , G06F3/011 , G09G5/003 , G09G2320/0261 , G09G2320/103 , G09G2330/021 , G09G2330/022 , G09G2340/0435 , G09G2356/00 , H04N5/23241 , Y02D10/153
摘要： The refresh rate of a display of a portable display device is dependent on the degree of device motion detected by one or more motion sensors included in the portable display device, according to an embodiment of the invention. In an embodiment, when no device motion is detected by the one or more sensors, the display of the portable display device is refreshed at an initial refresh rate. When the one or more motion sensors detects a degree of device motion above a motion threshold, the refresh rate of the display is decreased to a motion-based refresh rate, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the degree of motion of moving content on the display is also taken into account when determining the display refresh rate.

5. 发明申请

US20150348280A1 Dynamic Generation Of Texture Atlases 审中-公开
标题翻译：动态生成纹理图集
公开(公告)号：US20150348280A1
公开(公告)日：2015-12-03
申请号：US14292742
申请日：2014-05-30
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Timothy R. Oriol , Domenico P. Porcino , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Norman N. Wang
IPC分类号： G06T7/40 , G06T7/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/40 , G06T1/60 , G06T11/40
摘要： Systems, methods and program storage devices are disclosed, which comprise instructions to cause one or more processing units to analyze input images to a texture atlas and determine how each texture should be modified before being stored in the texture atlas to prevent undesirable drawing artifacts. For example, “tileable” images may be identified on a per-edge basis (e.g., by determining whether each edge pixel is above a certain opacity threshold). The tileable images may then be modified, e.g., by extruding a 1-pixel border identical to the outer row of pixels, before being stored in the texture atlas. “Character”-type sprites may also be identified on a per-edge basis (e.g., by determining whether each edge pixel is below the opacity threshold). The character-type sprites may then by modified by adding a single pixel transparent border around the outer rows of pixels before being stored in the texture atlas.
摘要翻译：公开了系统，方法和程序存储设备，其包括使一个或多个处理单元将输入图像分析到纹理图集的指令，并且确定在存储在纹理图集中之前应如何修改每个纹理以防止不期望的绘图伪像。例如，可以在每个边缘基础上（例如，通过确定每个边缘像素是否高于某一不透明度阈值）来识别“瓦片”图像。然后可以修改瓦片图像，例如通过在存储在纹理图集中之前挤出与外部像素行相同的1像素边界。也可以在每个边缘基础上（例如，通过确定每个边缘像素是否低于不透明度阈值）来识别“字符”型精灵。然后可以通过在存储在纹理图集中之前在像素的外部行周围添加单个像素透明边界来修改字符型精灵。

6. 发明授权

US10719303B2 Graphics engine and environment for encapsulating graphics libraries and hardware 有权
公开(公告)号：US10719303B2
公开(公告)日：2020-07-21
申请号：US15081451
申请日：2016-03-25
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Domenico P. Porcino , Timothy R. Oriol
IPC分类号： G06F9/44 , G06F8/51 , G06T15/80 , G06T1/20 , G06F8/41 , G06F3/14 , G06F9/4401
摘要： The disclosure pertains to the operation of graphics systems and to a variety of architectures for design and/or operation of a graphics system spanning from the output of an application program and extending to the presentation of visual content in the form of pixels or otherwise. In general, many embodiments of the invention envision the processing of graphics programming according to an on-the-fly decision made regarding how best to use the specific available hardware and software. In some embodiments, a software arrangement may be used to evaluate the specific system hardware and software capabilities, then make a decision regarding what is the best graphics programming path to follow for any particular graphics request. The decision regarding the best path may be made after evaluating the hardware and software alternatives for the path in view of the particulars of the graphics program to be processed.

7. 发明授权

US10115183B1 Appearance for rotating user interface elements 有权
公开(公告)号：US10115183B1
公开(公告)日：2018-10-30
申请号：US14475387
申请日：2014-09-02
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Domenico P. Porcino , Nathaniel C. Begeman
IPC分类号： G06T3/60 , G06T5/00 , G06T5/10
摘要： Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods and systems for displaying an image on a user interface. The methods and systems include components modules and so on for determining a minimum feature width of the image and determining and a distance field of each region associated with the image. The distance field of each region may be based on the minimum feature width. A filter threshold associated with the distance field is then determined and the image is output using the determined filter threshold.

8. 发明授权

US09697621B2 Unwrapping 3D meshes into low-distortion texture maps 有权
公开(公告)号：US09697621B2
公开(公告)日：2017-07-04
申请号：US14732741
申请日：2015-06-07
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Remi Palandri , Domenico P. Porcino , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg
IPC分类号： G06T17/00 , G06T11/00 , G06T15/04 , G06T17/10 , G06T19/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T15/04 , G06T17/10 , G06T19/00 , G06T2219/021
摘要： Techniques are disclosed for generating and using a conformal or UV mapping between an object's 3D representation (e.g., a polygonal mesh model) and a corresponding 2D representation (e.g., texture memory). More particularly, techniques disclosed herein generate a conformal mapping that allows the rapid identification of disparate locations in texture memory (e.g., those that span a seam) that are spatially similar at the corresponding 3D locations. The ability to perform 2D-to-3D-to-2D mappings quickly, grants the ability to filter across a conformal map's seams—an action that has previously been avoided due to its high computational cost.

9. 发明授权

US09684999B1 Easily computable object representations 有权
公开(公告)号：US09684999B1
公开(公告)日：2017-06-20
申请号：US14713876
申请日：2015-05-15
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Domenico P. Porcino , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg , Norman N. Wang , Timothy R. Oriol
IPC分类号： G06T17/10 , G06T17/20 , G06T13/20
CPC分类号： G06T17/20 , A63F13/52 , A63F2300/6615 , G06T13/20 , G06T17/10 , G06T19/20 , G06T2200/04 , G06T2219/2021
摘要： Techniques are disclosed for providing easily computable representations of dynamic objects so that a graphic systems' physics engine can more accurately and realistically determine the result of physical actions on, or with, such dynamic objects. More particularly, disclosed techniques generate a convex decomposition of an arbitrarily complex polygonal shape that is then simplified in a manner that preserves physically significant details, resulting in an object having a relatively small number of convex shapes that cover the original polygonal shape. The salience of a physically significant detail may be controlled via a threshold value which may be user or system specified.

10. 发明申请

US20160358344A1 Unwrapping 3D Meshes Into Low-Distortion Texture Maps 有权
标题翻译：将3D网格展开为低失真纹理贴图
公开(公告)号：US20160358344A1
公开(公告)日：2016-12-08
申请号：US14732741
申请日：2015-06-07
申请人： Apple Inc.
发明人： Remi Palandri , Domenico P. Porcino , Jacques P. Gasselin de Richebourg
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06T17/10 , G06T15/04
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T15/04 , G06T17/10 , G06T19/00 , G06T2219/021
摘要： Techniques are disclosed for generating and using a conformal or UV mapping between an object's 3D representation (e.g., a polygonal mesh model) and a corresponding 2D representation (e.g., texture memory). More particularly, techniques disclosed herein generate a conformal mapping that allows the rapid identification of disparate locations in texture memory (e.g., those that span a seam) that are spatially similar at the corresponding 3D locations. The ability to perform 2D-to-3D-to-2D mappings quickly, grants the ability to filter across a conformal map's seams—an action that has previously been avoided due to its high computational cost.
摘要翻译：公开了用于生成和使用对象的3D表示（例如，多边形网格模型）和对应的2D表示（例如，纹理存储器）之间的共形或UV映射的技术。更具体地，本文公开的技术生成保形映射，其允许快速识别在相应3D位置处在空间上类似的纹理存储器（例如，穿过接缝的纹理存储器）中的不同位置。快速执行2D到3D映射的能力，允许过滤整个映射图的接缝，这是由于其高计算成本而先前避免的一个动作。

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