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1. 发明授权

US08407403B2 Extending SSD lifetime using hybrid storage 有权
标题翻译：使用混合存储扩展SSD寿命
公开(公告)号：US08407403B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-26
申请号：US12631875
申请日：2009-12-07
申请人： Vijayan Prabhakaran , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Gokul Soundararajan
发明人： Vijayan Prabhakaran , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Gokul Soundararajan
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0888 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0866 , G06F2212/1036 , G06F2212/224
摘要： A hybrid storage device uses a write cache such as a hard disk drive, for example, to cache data to a solid state drive (SSD). Data is logged sequentially to the write cache and later migrated to the SSD. The SSD is a primary storage that stores data permanently. The write cache is a persistent durable cache that may store data of disk write operations temporarily in a log structured fashion. A migration policy may be used to determine how long to cache the data in the write cache before migrating the data to the SDD. The migration policy may be implemented using one or more migration triggers that cause the contents of the write cache to be flushed to the SSD. Migration triggers may include a timeout trigger, a read threshold trigger, and a migration size trigger, for example.
摘要翻译：混合存储设备例如使用诸如硬盘驱动器的写入高速缓存来将数据高速缓存到固态驱动器（SSD）。数据将顺序记录到写入高速缓存中，并随后迁移到SSD。 SSD是永久存储数据的主存储。写缓存是持久耐用高速缓存，可以以日志结构化方式临时存储磁盘写入操作的数据。可以使用迁移策略来确定在将数据迁移到SDD之前在写缓存中缓存数据的时间。可以使用一个或多个迁移触发器来实现迁移策略，这些触发器使得写入高速缓存的内容被刷新到SSD。例如，迁移触发器可能包括超时触发器，读取阈值触发器和迁移大小触发器。

2. 发明申请

US20110138106A1 EXTENDING SSD LIFETIME USING HYBRID STORAGE 有权
标题翻译：使用混合存储扩展SSD寿命
公开(公告)号：US20110138106A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-09
申请号：US12631875
申请日：2009-12-07
申请人： Vijayan Prabhakaran , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Gokul Soundararajan
发明人： Vijayan Prabhakaran , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Gokul Soundararajan
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/02
CPC分类号： G06F12/0888 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0866 , G06F2212/1036 , G06F2212/224
摘要： A hybrid storage device uses a write cache such as a hard disk drive, for example, to cache data to a solid state drive (SSD). Data is logged sequentially to the write cache and later migrated to the SSD. The SSD is a primary storage that stores data permanently. The write cache is a persistent durable cache that may store data of disk write operations temporarily in a log structured fashion. A migration policy may be used to determine how long to cache the data in the write cache before migrating the data to the SDD. The migration policy may be implemented using one or more migration triggers that cause the contents of the write cache to be flushed to the SSD. Migration triggers may include a timeout trigger, a read threshold trigger, and a migration size trigger, for example.
摘要翻译：混合存储设备例如使用诸如硬盘驱动器的写入高速缓存来将数据高速缓存到固态驱动器（SSD）。数据将顺序记录到写入高速缓存中，并随后迁移到SSD。 SSD是永久存储数据的主存储。写缓存是持久耐用高速缓存，可以以日志结构化方式临时存储磁盘写入操作的数据。可以使用迁移策略来确定在将数据迁移到SDD之前在写缓存中缓存数据的时间。可以使用一个或多个迁移触发器来实现迁移策略，这些触发器使得写入高速缓存的内容被刷新到SSD。例如，迁移触发器可能包括超时触发器，读取阈值触发器和迁移大小触发器。

3. 发明授权

US07532621B2 Lateral error correction for time-critical multicast 有权
标题翻译：时间关键组播的侧向纠错
公开(公告)号：US07532621B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-12
申请号：US11513006
申请日：2006-08-30
申请人： Kenneth Paul Birman , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Kenneth Paul Birman , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L12/1868 , H04L1/1812 , H04L2001/0093
摘要： A system and method for providing a low-latency reliable multicast protocol designed for time-critical clustered applications. Internet Protocol (IP) multicast is used to transmit data and recovers from packet loss in end-hosts using a repair mechanism involving the exchange of XOR repairs between receivers and across groups. The system and method of the present invention can be embodied in a scalable, reliable and fast multicast primitive that can be layered under high-level abstractions such as publish-subscribe, group communication and replicated service/object infrastructures.
摘要翻译：一种用于为时间关键的集群应用程序提供设计的低延迟可靠多播协议的系统和方法。互联网协议（IP）组播用于传输数据，并使用修复机制从终端主机的丢包中恢复，这种修复机制涉及接收器和组之间的XOR修复交换。本发明的系统和方法可以以可扩展，可靠和快速的多播原语来实现，其可以在诸如发布订阅，组通信和复制服务/对象基础设施的高级抽象下分层。

4. 发明授权

US6101278A System for extracting coding parameters from video data 失效
标题翻译：用于从视频数据中提取编码参数的系统
公开(公告)号：US6101278A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US16038
申请日：1998-01-30
申请人： Yingwei Chen , Kiran Challapali , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Yingwei Chen , Kiran Challapali , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04N7/30 , G06K9/36 , H04N7/12
CPC分类号： H04N19/40 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/126 , H04N19/136 , H04N19/14 , H04N19/172 , H04N19/176 , H04N19/60 , H04N19/85 , H04N19/146 , H04N19/149 , H04N19/15
摘要： A system extracts, from uncoded video data, coding parameters that correspond substantially to coding parameters used in a coding operation that was previously performed on the video data. The system generates a histogram for at least one AC frequency band in the uncoded video data and calculates a correlation function for the histogram. A maximum value of the correlation function is then identified, and a coding parameter for the at least one AC frequency band is determined using the maximum value of the correlation function.
摘要翻译：系统从未编码的视频数据中提取与以前对视频数据执行的编码操作中使用的编码参数基本相符的编码参数。系统为未编码视频数据中的至少一个AC频带生成直方图，并计算直方图的相关函数。然后识别相关函数的最大值，并且使用相关函数的最大值来确定用于至少一个AC频带的编码参数。

5. 发明授权

US6049569A Method and apparatus for encoding digital video bit streams with seamless splice points and method and apparatus for splicing such digital video bit streams 失效
公开(公告)号：US6049569A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US987701
申请日：1997-12-09
申请人： Hayder Radha , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Hayder Radha , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , G06T9/00 , H04N21/234 , H04N7/32
CPC分类号： G06T9/007 , H04N21/23406 , H04N21/23424
摘要： A method of encoding a digital video bit stream which includes a plurality of successively-encoded pictures. The method includes the steps of constructing a seamless In Point in accordance with a constraint expressed by the following equation (1):dd.sub.f.sbsb.--.sub.ip .ltoreq.minimum {DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.ip, (B.sub.d /r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.ip)}, (1)where dd.sub.f.sbsb.--.sub.ip represents an amount of time by which a first byte of the digital video bit stream after the seamless In Point must stay in a decoder buffer before it is decoded; B.sub.d is a size of the decoder buffer; r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.ip is a bit rate at which the digital video bit stream is normally encoded at the seamless In Point; and, DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.ip represents a prescribed minimum decoding delay threshold for seamless In Points, where DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.ip is defined by the following equation (2):DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.ip =((MSR/r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.ip)*SDD)+T.sub.p.sbsb.--.sub.i *(1-(MSR/r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.ip), (2)where T.sub.p.sbsb.--.sub.i is a time needed for displaying a picture which starts being displayed at a time of decoding of a last picture prior to the seamless In Point; SDD is a prescribed splice decoding delay; and, MSR is a prescribed maximum splice rate, and then inserting the seamless In Point at a first point in the digital video bit stream at which another digital video bit stream can be spliced into the digital video bit stream. The method also includes the steps of constructing a seamless Out Point in accordance with a constraint expressed by the following equation (3):DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.op .ltoreq.dd.sub.f.sbsb.--.sub.op .ltoreq.(B.sub.d /r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.op), (3)where dd.sub.f.sbsb.--.sub.op represents an amount of time by which a first byte of the digital video bit stream after the seamless Out Point must stay in a decoder buffer before it is decoded; r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.op is a bit rate at which the digital video bit stream is normally encoded at the seamless Out Point; and DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.op represents a prescribed minimum decoding delay threshold for seamless Out Points, where DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.op is defined by the following equation (4):DD.sub.thr.sbsb.--.sub.op =((MSR/r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.op)*SDD)-T.sub.p.sbsb.--.sub.o *((MSR/r.sub.n.sbsb.--.sub.op)-1), (4)wherein T.sub.p.sbsb.--.sub.o is a time needed for displaying a picture which starts being displayed at a time of decoding of a last picture prior to the seamless Out Point; and then inserting the seamless Out Point at a first point in the digital video bit stream at which it can be spliced into another digital video bit stream.

6. 发明授权

US5793425A Method and apparatus for dynamically controlling encoding parameters of multiple encoders in a multiplexed system 失效
标题翻译：用于在多路复用系统中动态地控制多个编码器的编码参数的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5793425A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US713311
申请日：1996-09-13
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04J3/00 , H04J3/04 , H04J3/16 , H04N7/08 , H04N7/081 , H04N7/50 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/434
CPC分类号： H04N21/2365 , H04J3/1688 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/14 , H04N19/149 , H04N19/154 , H04N19/159 , H04N19/172 , H04N19/61 , H04N21/23406 , H04N21/23655 , H04N21/2401 , H04N19/146
摘要： A method and apparatus for dynamically allocating the available bandwidth of a common transmission channel of a multiplexed system among multiple encoders in such a manner as to maximize and equalize the quality of the encoded data output by all of the encoders, while also preventing underflow or overflow of encoder or decoder buffers at each end of the common transmission channel, and moreover, while also ensuring compliance with (i.e., without violating) the data encoding and transmission protocol utilized by the system. Further, the bandwidth of the common transmission channel is preferably allocated using an algorithm that does not impose any constraints on the size of the encoder or decoder buffers, other than any constraints specified by the data transmission protocol employed in transmitting the encoded data over the common transmission channel. In a presently preferred embodiment, in which video signals from multiple sources are encoded, both the output channel rate ("bit rate") of each of the encoders and the target number of bits for each picture that is encoded by each encoder are controlled by a controller in accordance with a control algorithm which ensures that the quality of the encoded pictures output by all of the encoders is equalized and maximized, that no underflow or overflow of the encoder or decoder buffers occurs, and that the data encoding and transmission protocol utilized by the system is not violated. Further, the control algorithm employed by the controller preferably does not impose any constraints on the sizes or relative sizes of the encoder or decoder buffers. Moreover, the control algorithm employed by the controller preferably maintains all of the encoder buffers as empty as possible in order to provide increased flexibility to the rate allocation procedure.
摘要翻译：一种用于在多个编码器之间动态地分配复用系统的公共传输信道的可用带宽的方法和装置，以便最大化和均衡所有编码器输出的编码数据的质量，同时还防止下溢或溢出的编码器或解码器缓冲器在公共传输信道的每一端，而且还确保符合（即，不违反）系统使用的数据编码和传输协议。此外，公共传输信道的带宽优选地使用不对编码器或解码器缓冲器的大小施加任何约束的算法来分配，除了在通过公共传输方式发送编码数据时使用的数据传输协议所指定的任何约束传输通道。在其中编码来自多个源的视频信号的当前优选实施例中，每个编码器的输出信道速率（“比特率”）和由每个编码器编码的每个图像的目标比特数都由根据控制算法的控制器，其确保由所有编码器输出的编码图像的质量均衡和最大化，不会发生编码器或解码器缓冲器的下溢或溢出，并且使用数据编码和传输协议由系统没有违反。此外，控制器采用的控制算法优选地不对编码器或解码器缓冲器的尺寸或相对尺寸施加任何约束。此外，控制器采用的控制算法优选地将所有的编码器缓冲器保持为空，以便为速率分配过程提供增加的灵活性。

7. 发明授权

US08738724B2 Totally ordered log on appendable storage 有权
标题翻译：完全订购登录可附加存储
公开(公告)号：US08738724B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-27
申请号：US12786447
申请日：2010-05-25
申请人： Philip A. Bernstein , Dahlia Malkhi , Colin Wilson Reid , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Philip A. Bernstein , Dahlia Malkhi , Colin Wilson Reid , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： G06F15/167
CPC分类号： G06F11/1471 , G06F11/2094 , G06F2201/82
摘要： Computers are provided with a totally ordered, durable shared log. Shared storage is used and can be directly accessed by the computers over a network. Append-log operations are made atomic in the face of failures by committing provisional append ordering information onto a log. The log may comprise multiple flash packages or non-volatile memory devices, referred to as segments, although any shared storage device(s) may be used. Each log record is a multi-page stripe, where each page of a stripe is written to a different segment. Fault-tolerant protocol variants append stripes to the log, such that stripes are totally ordered in the log and each stripe is written atomically.
摘要翻译：计算机提供了一个完全有序，耐用的共享日志。共享存储被使用，可以由网络上的计算机直接访问。通过将临时附加订单信息提交到日志，Append-log操作在面临故障时被做成原子。尽管可以使用任何共享的存储设备，该日志可以包括被称为段的多个闪存包或非易失性存储设备。每个日志记录是一个多页条带，其中每个条带的页面被写入不同的段。容错协议变体将条纹附加到日志，使得条纹在日志中完全排序，每个条带是原子写入的。

8. 发明申请

US20110208958A1 COMMUNICATING USING A CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE 有权
标题翻译：使用云基础设施进行交流
公开(公告)号：US20110208958A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-25
申请号：US12814493
申请日：2010-06-14
申请人： Patrick Stuedi , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Iqbal Mohomed , Venugopalan Ramasubramanian , Zhuoqing Morley Mao , Edward P. Wobber
发明人： Patrick Stuedi , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Iqbal Mohomed , Venugopalan Ramasubramanian , Zhuoqing Morley Mao , Edward P. Wobber
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , H04L9/00 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L9/0825 , G06F17/30017 , G06F17/30165 , H04L51/12
摘要： A cloud infrastructure that communicates with computing devices is provided. The computing devices install filters on other computing devices that they wish to receive items from including pictures, messages, and documents. The filters include criteria that are evaluated on the computing devices, rather than at a server, to determine if an item may be sent to another computing device. The computing devices may then send items that match the criteria to the cloud infrastructure, and the items may be stored and queued for delivery to other computing devices. The items may be encrypted before being provided to the cloud infrastructure, and decrypted when received by the computing devices.
摘要翻译：提供与计算设备通信的云基础设施。计算设备在他们希望从包括图片，消息和文档接收项目的其他计算设备上安装过滤器。过滤器包括在计算设备上而不是在服务器上评估的标准，以确定物品是否可以发送到另一个计算设备。然后，计算设备可以将符合标准的项目发送到云基础架构，并且可以将项目存储和排队，以便传送到其他计算设备。项目可以在被提供给云基础设施之前被加密，并且在被计算设备接收时被解密。

9. 发明申请

US20080304421A1 Internet Latencies Through Prediction Trees 审中-公开
标题翻译：互联网延迟通过预测树
公开(公告)号：US20080304421A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-11
申请号：US11759473
申请日：2007-06-07
申请人： Venugopalan Saraswati Ramasubramanian , Dahlia Malkhi , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Fabian Daniel Kuhn , Ittai Abraham
发明人： Venugopalan Saraswati Ramasubramanian , Dahlia Malkhi , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Fabian Daniel Kuhn , Ittai Abraham
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L41/147 , H04L43/0852
摘要： A prediction tree for estimating values of a network performance measure. Leaf nodes of the prediction tree are associated with networked computing devices and interior nodes are not necessarily representative of physical network connections. Values are assigned to edges in the prediction tree and the network performance measure relative to two computing devices represented by two nodes of the tree is estimated by aggregating the values assigned to the edges in the path in the prediction tree joining the two edges. Mechanisms for adding nodes representing computing devices to the prediction tree, for identifying a closest node representing a computing device in the prediction tree, for identifying a cluster of devices represented by nodes of the tree, and for rebalancing the prediction tree are provided.
摘要翻译：用于估计网络性能测量值的预测树。预测树的叶节点与网络计算设备相关联，而内部节点不一定代表物理网络连接。值被分配给预测树中的边缘，并且通过聚合分配给连接两个边缘的预测树中的路径中的边缘的值来估计相对于由树的两个节点表示的两个计算设备的网络性能测量。提供了将表示计算设备的节点添加到预测树的机制，用于识别表示预算树中的计算设备的最接近的节点，用于识别由树的节点表示的设备的集群以及用于重新平衡预测树。

10. 发明授权

US06836512B2 Spatial scalability for fine granular video encoding 失效
标题翻译：细粒度视频编码的空间可扩展性
公开(公告)号：US06836512B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US09975626
申请日：2001-10-11
申请人： Mihaela Van Der Schaar , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Mihaela Van Der Schaar , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04N712
CPC分类号： H04N21/2662 , H04N19/33 , H04N19/34 , H04N19/36 , H04N19/59 , H04N19/61 , H04N21/234327 , H04N21/234354 , H04N21/234363 , H04N21/234381 , H04N21/2402
摘要： A method and system for high resolution formatting of video images and dynamically adjusting the transmission resolution of the high-resolution images is presented. The method first downscales the high-resolution images and encodes the downscaled images into base layer frames. Quality enhancement layer data is generated from the downscaled video images and the encoded data contained in corresponding base layer frames. The quality enhancement layer data is encoded into quality enhancement layer frames. The data contained in the base layer frames and corresponding quality layer frames are then upscaled and spatial scalability data is determined from the upscaled data and the original image. The spatial scalability data is then encoded into spatial scalability data. During transmission of the encoded video image, each available encoded frame is transmitted using different amounts or portions of the enhancement layers so as to occupy the available bandwidth.
摘要翻译：提出了高分辨率格式化视频图像和动态调整高分辨率图像传输分辨率的方法和系统。该方法首先降低高分辨率图像，并将缩小的图像编码为基本层帧。从缩小的视频图像和包含在相应的基本层帧中的编码数据生成质量增强层数据。质量增强层数据被编码成质量增强层帧。然后将包含在基层帧和对应的质量层帧中的数据放大，并且从放大的数据和原始图像确定空间可伸缩性数据。然后将空间可伸缩性数据编码为空间可伸缩性数据。在传输编码视频图像期间，使用不同量或增强层的部分来发送每个可用编码帧，以便占用可用带宽。

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