The invention discloses a three-degree-of-freedom detection device for optical components. The three-degree-of-freedom detection device comprises an optical platform, and an instrument platform and acomponent frame are arranged right above the optical platform. The instrument platform is rotationally supported on the optical platform through a rotary adjusting module, and an angle of the instrument platform relative to the component frame can be adjusted through the rotary adjusting module, the component frame is movably supported on the optical platform through a deflection base, a pitch adjusting module and a deflection adjusting module are arranged between the component frame and the deflection base, and pitch and deflection angles of the component frame can be adjusted through the pitch adjusting module and the deflection adjusting module. By the separated adjusting modules, optical instrument and optical component supporting structures are fully used, and the detection device issimple and feasible in integral structure, convenient and quick in processing and high in safety and reliability and meets quick detection requirements on large batch, large diameter, diversity, highprecision, high efficiency and high cleanness of optical components for laser devices.