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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Nanotubular toughening inclusions
    • 纳米管增韧夹杂物
    • US09074066B2
    • 2015-07-07
    • US13032045
    • 2011-02-22
    • Cheol ParkDennis C. WorkingEmilie J. SiochiJoycelyn S. Harrison
    • Cheol ParkDennis C. WorkingEmilie J. SiochiJoycelyn S. Harrison
    • C08L89/00C08L79/08C08G73/10C08K3/04B82Y30/00C08K7/24
    • C08K7/24B82Y30/00C08K2201/011
    • Conventional toughening agents are typically rubbery materials or small molecular weight molecules, which mostly sacrifice the intrinsic properties of a matrix such as modulus, strength, and thermal stability as side effects. On the other hand, high modulus inclusions tend to reinforce elastic modulus very efficiently, but not the strength very well. For example, mechanical reinforcement with inorganic inclusions often degrades the composite toughness, encountering a frequent catastrophic brittle failure triggered by minute chips and cracks. Thus, toughening generally conflicts with mechanical reinforcement. Carbon nanotubes have been used as efficient reinforcing agents in various applications due to their combination of extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Moreover, nanotubes can elongate more than 20% without yielding or breaking, and absorb significant amounts of energy during deformation, which enables them to also be an efficient toughening agent, as well as excellent reinforcing inclusion. Accordingly, an improved toughening method is provided by incorporating nanotubular inclusions into a host matrix, such as thermoset and thermoplastic polymers or ceramics without detrimental effects on the matrix's intrinsic physical properties.
    • 常规增韧剂通常是橡胶状材料或小分子量分子,其主要牺牲基质的固有性质,例如作为副作用的模量,强度和热稳定性。 另一方面,高模量夹杂物倾向于非常有效地增强弹性模量,但是强度非常好。 例如,具有无机夹杂物的机械增强剂常常降低复合材料的韧性,遇到由碎片和裂纹引起的频繁的灾难性脆性破坏。 因此,增韧通常与机械加强冲突。 碳纳米管由于其非凡的机械,电气和热性能的组合,已经在各种应用中用作有效的增强剂。 此外,纳米管可以延伸超过20%而不产生或破裂,并且在变形期间吸收大量的能量,这使得它们也可以是有效的增​​韧剂,以及优异的增强夹杂物。 因此,通过将纳米管状夹杂物结合到主体基质如热固性和热塑性聚合物或陶瓷中而不会对基体的固有物理性质产生不利影响,提供了改进的增韧方法。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Non-uniform thickness electroactive device
    • 不均匀厚度的电活性器件
    • US07015624B1
    • 2006-03-21
    • US09696526
    • 2000-10-23
    • Ji SuJoycelyn S. Harrison
    • Ji SuJoycelyn S. Harrison
    • H01L41/08
    • H01Q15/147C08F255/10C08F259/00C08F259/08C08F265/08C08F273/00C08F283/006C08F283/12H01L41/094H01L41/0973H01L41/193
    • An electroactive device comprises at least two layers of material, wherein at least one layer is an electroactive material and wherein at least one layer is of non-uniform thickness. The device can be produced in various sizes, ranging from large structural actuators to microscale or nanoscale devices. The applied voltage to the device in combination with the non-uniform thickness of at least one of the layers (electroactive and/or non-electroactive) controls the contour of the actuated device. The effective electric field is a mathematical function of the local layer thickness. Therefore, the local strain and the local bending/torsion curvature are also a mathematical function of the local thickness. Hence the thinnest portion of the actuator offers the largest bending and/or torsion response. Tailoring of the layer thicknesses can enable complex motions to be achieved.
    • 电活性器件包括至少两层材料,其中至少一层是电活性材料,并且其中至少一层具有不均匀的厚度。 该装置可以生产各种尺寸,从大型结构致动器到微尺寸或纳米级装置。 结合至少一个层(电活性和/或非电活性)的非均匀厚度的装置施加的电压控制致动装置的轮廓。 有效电场是局部层厚度的数学函数。 因此,局部应变和局部弯曲/扭曲曲率也是局部厚度的数学函数。 因此,致动器的最薄部分提供最大的弯曲和/或扭转响应。 层厚度的裁剪可以实现复杂的运动。