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1. 发明授权

US5942117A Anaerobic biodegradation of unsaturated, saturated, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：不饱和，饱和，芳香和卤代烃的厌氧生物降解
公开(公告)号：US5942117A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-24
申请号：US545498
申请日：1995-10-19
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow , Macgregor L. Fogelsong
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow , Macgregor L. Fogelsong
IPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C02F9/00 , C02F11/04 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/02
CPC分类号： C02F9/00 , C02F11/04 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/023 , C02F2103/36 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S210/903 , Y10S210/909
摘要： An apparatus and method for anaerobic biodegradation, bioremediation or bioprocessing of hydrocarbons dissolved in an aqueous matrix, such as wastewater, groundwater, or slurry. Dissolved alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons), alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons), aromatic hydrocarbons and/or halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized or cometabolized. In one form, the invention involves introducing an aqueous stream comprising at least one dissolved aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, or p-cresol) and a dissolved oxide of nitrogen �such as nitrate (NO.sub.3.sup.-), nitrite (NO.sub.2.sup.-), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N.sub.2 O)!to a reactor, and operating said reactor under conditions that support denitrification of the aromatic hydrocarbon. Alternatively, the aqueous stream may comprise at least one alkane (such as ethane) and/or at least one alkene (such as ethene or ethylene) and biodegradation of these compounds is accomplished. In a preferred form, the aqueous stream also comprises at least one dissolved halogenated hydrocarbon (such as tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, or 1,1,1-trichloroethane) and dehalogenation of the halogenated hydrocarbon is accomplished. The reactor may be a continuous stirred tank reactor, a batch (or sequencing batch) reactor, a plug-flow reactor, a fixed-film reactor, or a pore space in an underground aquifer in situ. The reactor is operated in such a way that molecular oxygen is excluded from the space or zone in which the biodegradation is occurring and the other requirements of denitrifying bacteria are met. In some implementations, kinetic control (control of mean cell residence time) is used to enrich a denitrifying culture in the reactor.
摘要翻译：用于厌氧生物降解，生物修复或溶解在含水基质如废水，地下水或浆液中的烃的生物处理的装置和方法。溶解的烷烃（饱和烃），烯烃（不饱和烃），芳烃和/或卤代烃被代谢或代谢。在一种形式中，本发明涉及引入包含至少一种溶解的芳族烃（例如苯，甲苯，乙苯，邻二甲苯，间二甲苯，对二甲苯，苯酚，邻甲酚，间甲酚或对甲酚）和氮的溶解氧化物（例如硝酸盐（NO 3 - ），亚硝酸盐（NO 2 - ），一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化二氮（N 2 O）]），并在支持反硝化的条件下操作所述反应器的芳烃。或者，水流可以包含至少一种烷烃（例如乙烷）和/或至少一种烯烃（例如乙烯或乙烯），并且实现这些化合物的生物降解。在优选形式中，水流还包含至少一种溶解的卤代烃（例如四氯乙烯，三氯乙烯或1,1,1-三氯乙烷），并且完成卤代烃的脱卤。反应器可以是在地下含水层中的连续搅拌釜反应器，分批（或测序批料）反应器，活塞流反应器，固定膜反应器或孔隙空间。反应器的运行方式是从生物降解发生的空间或区域排除分子氧，满足反硝化细菌的其他要求。在一些实施方案中，使用动力学控制（平均细胞停留时间的控制）来富集反应器中的反硝化培养物。

2. 发明授权

US06251657B1 Anaerobic biodegradation of unsaturated, saturated, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：不饱和，饱和，芳香和卤代烃的厌氧生物降解
公开(公告)号：US06251657B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09312014
申请日：1999-05-14
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow , Macgregor L. Fogelsong
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow , Macgregor L. Fogelsong
IPC分类号： C12N112
CPC分类号： C02F9/00 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C02F11/04 , C02F2103/36 , C12P1/04 , C12P5/023 , C12R1/01 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S210/903 , Y10S210/909
摘要： An apparatus and method for anaerobic biodegradation, bioremediation or bioprocessing of hydrocarbons dissolved in an aqueous matrix, such as wastewater, groundwater, or slurry. Dissolved alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons), alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons), aromatic hydrocarbons and/or halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized or cometabolized. In one form, the invention involves introducing an aqueous stream comprising at least one dissolved aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, or p-cresol) and a dissolved oxide of nitrogen [such as nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O)] to a reactor, and operating said reactor under conditions that support denitrification of the aromatic hydrocarbon. Alternatively, the aqueous stream may comprise at least one alkane (such as ethane) and/or at least one alkene (such as ethene or ethylene) and biodegradation of these compounds is accomplished. In a preferred form, the aqueous stream also comprises at least one dissolved halogenated hydrocarbon (such as tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, or 1,1,1-trichloroethane) and dehalogenation of the halogenated hydrocarbon is accomplished. The reactor may be a continuous stirred tank reactor, a batch (or sequencing batch) reactor, a plug-flow reactor, a fixed-film reactor, or a pore space in an underground aquifer in situ. The reactor is operated in such a way that molecular oxygen is excluded from the space or zone in which the biodegradation is occurring and the other requirements of denitrifying bacteria are met. In some implementations, kinetic control (control of mean cell residence time) is used to enrich a denitrifying culture in the reactor.
摘要翻译：用于厌氧生物降解，生物修复或溶解在含水基质如废水，地下水或浆液中的烃的生物处理的装置和方法。溶解的烷烃（饱和烃），烯烃（不饱和烃），芳烃和/或卤代烃被代谢或代谢。在一种形式中，本发明涉及引入包含至少一种溶解的芳族烃（例如苯，甲苯，乙苯，邻二甲苯，间二甲苯，对二甲苯，苯酚，邻甲酚，间甲酚或对甲酚）和氮的溶解氧化物（例如硝酸盐（NO 3 - ），亚硝酸盐（NO 2 - ），一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化二氮（N 2 O）]），并在支持反硝化的条件下操作所述反应器的芳烃。或者，水流可以包含至少一种烷烃（例如乙烷）和/或至少一种烯烃（例如乙烯或乙烯），并且实现这些化合物的生物降解。在优选形式中，水流还包含至少一种溶解的卤代烃（例如四氯乙烯，三氯乙烯或1,1,1-三氯乙烷），并且完成卤代烃的脱卤。反应器可以是在地下含水层中的连续搅拌釜反应器，分批（或测序批料）反应器，活塞流反应器，固定膜反应器或孔隙空间。反应器的运行方式是从生物降解发生的空间或区域排除分子氧，满足反硝化细菌的其他要求。在一些实施方案中，使用动力学控制（平均细胞停留时间的控制）来富集反应器中的反硝化培养物。

3. 发明授权

US5672194A Method and apparatus for extracting precious metals from their ores and the product thereof 失效
标题翻译：从其矿石中提取贵金属的方法和设备及其产品
公开(公告)号：US5672194A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-30
申请号：US436726
申请日：1995-05-08
申请人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow
发明人： Robert M. Hunter , Frank M. Stewart , Tamara Darsow
IPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C22B11/00 , C22B3/02
CPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C22B11/04 , Y02P10/234 , Y10S423/17
摘要： A method and apparatus for extraction of precious metals from their ores and the product thereof. Oxidized ore comprising a precious metal is exposed to a leaching solution (lixiviant) comprising a relatively high concentration (fugacity) of dissolved hydrogen sulfide gas, a relatively high concentration (activity) of bisulfide ions, and a relatively low concentration (fugacity) of dissolved hydrogen gas. The hydrogen sulfide gas and bisulfide ions are preferably added to the solution by sulfate-reducing bacteria growing in a medium comprising dissolved sulfate ions and dissolved nitrate ions, but abiotic sources may also be used. Examples of such bacteria include mesophilic, fresh-water species such as Desulfobacterium catecholicum DSM 3882 and Desulfovibrio simplex DSM 4141; mesophilic, salt-water species such as Desulfovibrio salexigens DSM 2638; and thermophilic, fresh-water species such as Desulfomaculum kuznetsovii VKM B-1805. The complexed precious metal is recovered from the lixiviant.
摘要翻译：从其矿石中提取贵金属的方法和设备及其产品。包含贵金属的氧化矿物暴露于包含相对高浓度（逸度）的溶解硫化氢气体，较高浓度（活性）二硫化物离子和较低浓度（逸度）溶解的浸出溶液（浸液）氢气。优选通过在包含溶解的硫酸根离子和溶解的硝酸根离子的培养基中生长的硫酸盐还原细菌将硫化氢气体和二硫化物离子加入到溶液中，但也可以使用非生物来源。这样的细菌的实例包括嗜温淡水物种如枯草杆菌DSM 3882和Desulfovibrio simplex DSM 4141; 嗜温盐水物种，例如脱硫抗病毒沙门氏菌DSM 2638; 和嗜热淡水物种，如Desulfomaculum kuznetsovii VKM B-1805。复合的贵金属从浸取物中回收。

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