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1. 发明授权

US08719432B1 System and method for determining staleness of data received from a distributed lock manager 有权
标题翻译：用于确定从分布式锁管理器接收的数据的稳定性的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08719432B1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US12771861
申请日：2010-04-30
申请人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
发明人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F7/00 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/526
摘要： A method and system are disclosed for implementing a client of a distributed lock manager comprising a plurality of nodes. The client is configured to send a request to the distributed lock manager, the request including a local time of the client. The client receives a response to the request from a node of the distributed lock manager where the request includes an echo of the local time included in the request. The response also indicates that a lock corresponding to a given resource has been granted to the client and the client subsequently utilizes the resource. The client subsequently determines that a safe period of time has elapsed for using the resource. This determination is dependent at least on a client staleness corresponding to a difference between the echoed time and current local time at the client.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于实现包括多个节点的分布式锁管理器的客户端的方法和系统。客户端被配置为向分布式锁管理器发送请求，该请求包括客户端的本地时间。客户端从分布式锁管理器的节点接收对请求的响应，其中请求包括请求中包括的本地时间的回显。响应还指示对于给定资源的锁已被授予客户端，并且客户端随后利用该资源。客户端随后确定使用资源已经过了一段安全的时间。该确定至少依赖于客户端的响应时间和当前本地时间之间的差异的客户端陈旧度。

2. 发明授权

US08458517B1 System and method for checkpointing state in a distributed system 有权
标题翻译：分布式系统中检查点状态的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08458517B1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-04
申请号：US12771840
申请日：2010-04-30
申请人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
发明人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
IPC分类号： G06F11/18 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1458 , G06F11/1438 , G06F11/1474 , G06F2201/825
摘要： A system and method is disclosed for recording checkpoints in a distributed system. A distributed system comprises one or more computers implementing a plurality of nodes coordinating with one another to maintain a shared state of the distributed system. The system chooses a given one of the plurality of nodes to record a checkpoint of the shared state. In response, the given node records the checkpoint by isolating itself from communication with the other nodes, storing the checkpoint, restarting, and attempting to reinitialize its state from the stored checkpoint. Restarting may include deliberately causing a runtime error in the node. If the reinitialization is successful, the node restores communication with the other nodes and indicates to them that the newly stored checkpoint is valid.
摘要翻译：公开了用于在分布式系统中记录检查点的系统和方法。分布式系统包括实现多个节点彼此协调以维持分布式系统的共享状态的一个或多个计算机。系统选择多个节点中的给定一个以记录共享状态的检查点。作为响应，给定节点通过隔离与其他节点的通信，存储检查点，重新启动并尝试从存储的检查点重新初始化其状态来记录检查点。重新启动可能包括故意导致节点中的运行时错误。如果重新初始化成功，则节点恢复与其他节点的通信，并向他们指示新存储的检查点有效。

3. 发明授权

US08694639B1 Determining maximum amount of resource allowed to be allocated to client in distributed system 有权
标题翻译：确定分配系统中允许分配给客户端的最大资源量
公开(公告)号：US08694639B1
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US12887042
申请日：2010-09-21
申请人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
发明人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L67/02 , G06F9/5011 , G06F2209/504 , H04L47/82 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/42 , Y02D10/22
摘要： Resource management techniques for shared resources in a distributed system are described. Clients and servers may exchange messages according to an asynchronous messaging protocol that does not guarantee delivery or ordering of messages. A client may send a resource request message including a client timestamp and a measure of client resource demand. The server may allocate a grant of the resource to the client in a manner that prevents resource overload, and indicate the grant to the client via a message including a logical timestamp, the amount of resource granted, the client's original timestamp, and a grant expiration time. The server may acknowledge the grant and cooperatively use the resource in accordance with the grant's terms.
摘要翻译：描述了分布式系统中共享资源的资源管理技术。客户端和服务器可以根据不保证消息的传递或排序的异步消息协议来交换消息。客户端可以发送包括客户端时间戳和客户端资源需求量度的资源请求消息。服务器可以以防止资源过载的方式向客户端分配资源的许可，并且通过包括逻辑时间戳，所授予的资源量，客户端的原始时间戳和授权到期的消息来指示给客户机时间。服务器可以根据授权条款确认授权并合作使用资源。

4. 发明授权

US08654650B1 System and method for determining node staleness in a distributed system 有权
标题翻译：用于确定分布式系统中节点渐旧的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08654650B1
公开(公告)日：2014-02-18
申请号：US12771851
申请日：2010-04-30
申请人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
发明人： Allan H. Vermeulen , Timothy Andrew Rath
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： G06F9/526 , G06F17/30171 , G06F17/30362 , G06F2209/522 , G06F2209/523 , H04L41/5096
摘要： A method and system are disclosed for implementing a distributed lock manager comprising a plurality of nodes that coordinate with one another to maintain a shared state by agreeing to transitions using a distributed consensus protocol and applying those agreed to transitions. A given node of the system periodically propagates a local time from a local clock of the given node to the other nodes. When agreeing to a transition, the system associates the transition with the propagated local clock time. The given node later calculates a maximum staleness of the transition based at least on the current time of the node's local clock and the propagated local time associated with the transition.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于实现分布式锁管理器的方法和系统，该分布式锁管理器包括通过使用分布式共享协议同意转换并应用那些同意转换的那些彼此协调以维持共享状态的多个节点。系统的给定节点周期性地将本地时间从给定节点的本地时钟传播到其他节点。当同意转换时，系统将转换与传播的本地时钟时间相关联。给定节点随后至少基于节点的本地时钟的当前时间和与转换相关联的传播的本地时间来计算转换的最大平均值。

5. 发明授权

US08595267B2 System and method for implementing a scalable data storage service 有权
标题翻译：用于实现可扩展数据存储服务的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08595267B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US13170031
申请日：2011-06-27
申请人： Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Stefano Stefani , Chiranjeeb Buragohain , Rande A. Blackman , Timothy Andrew Rath , Grant A. M. McAlister , Jakub Kulesza , James Hamilton , Raymond S. Bradford , Luis Felipe Cabrera
发明人： Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Stefano Stefani , Chiranjeeb Buragohain , Rande A. Blackman , Timothy Andrew Rath , Grant A. M. McAlister , Jakub Kulesza , James Hamilton , Raymond S. Bradford , Luis Felipe Cabrera
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/30 , G06F9/50 , G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F17/30584 , G06F9/5061 , G06F12/0848 , G06F17/30286 , G06F17/30289 , G06F17/30303 , G06F17/30306 , G06F17/30321 , G06F17/30339 , G06F17/3056 , H04L67/02 , H04L67/1097 , H04L67/2804 , Y10S707/968 , Y10S707/972
摘要： A system that implements a scalable data storage service may maintain tables in a non-relational data store on behalf of clients. The system may provide a Web services interface through which service requests are received, and an API usable to request that a table be created, deleted, or described; that an item be stored, retrieved, deleted, or its attributes modified; or that a table be queried (or scanned) with filtered items and/or their attributes returned. An asynchronous workflow may be invoked to create or delete a table. Items stored in tables may be partitioned and indexed using a simple or composite primary key. The system may not impose pre-defined limits on table size, and may employ a flexible schema. The service may provide a best-effort or committed throughput model. The system may automatically scale and/or re-partition tables in response to detecting workload changes, node failures, or other conditions or anomalies.
摘要翻译：实现可扩展数据存储服务的系统可以代表客户端在非关系数据存储中维护表。系统可以提供接收服务请求的Web服务接口，以及可用于请求创建，删除或描述表的API; 存储，检索，删除或修改其属性的项目; 或者查询（或扫描）已过滤的项目和/或返回的属性。可以调用异步工作流来创建或删除表。存储在表中的项目可以使用简单或复合主键进行分区和索引。系统可能不会对表大小强加预定义的限制，并且可以采用灵活的模式。该服务可以提供尽力而为或者承诺的吞吐量模型。响应于检测到工作负载变化，节点故障或其他条件或异常，系统可以自动缩放和/或重新分区表。

6. 发明授权

US08914497B1 System and method for throttling service requests having non-uniform workloads 有权
标题翻译：用于限制具有不均匀工作负载的服务请求的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08914497B1
公开(公告)日：2014-12-16
申请号：US13327620
申请日：2011-12-15
申请人： Wei Xiao , David A. Lutz , Timothy Andrew Rath , Maximiliano Maccanti , Miguel Mascarenhas Filipe , David C. Yanacek
发明人： Wei Xiao , David A. Lutz , Timothy Andrew Rath , Maximiliano Maccanti , Miguel Mascarenhas Filipe , David C. Yanacek
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： H04L67/16 , G06F9/505 , G06F11/3433 , G06F11/3452 , G06F11/3485 , G06F2201/81 , G06F2209/504 , H04L67/42 , Y02D10/22
摘要： A system that provides services to clients may receive and service requests, various ones of which may require different amounts of work. The system may determine whether it is operating in an overloaded or underloaded state based on a current work throughput rate, a target work throughput rate, a maximum request rate, or an actual request rate, and may dynamically adjust the maximum request rate in response. For example, if the maximum request rate is being exceeded, the maximum request rate may be raised or lowered, dependent on the current work throughput rate. If the target or committed work throughput rate is being exceeded, but the maximum request rate is not being exceeded, a lower maximum request rate may be proposed. Adjustments to the maximum request rate may be made using multiple incremental adjustments. Service request tokens may be added to a leaky token bucket at the maximum request rate.
摘要翻译：向客户端提供服务的系统可以接收和服务请求，其中各种可能需要不同的工作量。系统可以基于当前工作吞吐率，目标工作吞吐率，最大请求速率或实际请求速率来确定其是否处于过载或欠载状态，并且可以动态地调整响应的最大请求速率。例如，如果超过最大请求速率，则可以根据当前的工作吞吐率来提高或降低最大请求速率。如果超过了目标或提交的工作吞吐率，但不超过最大请求率，则可能会提出较低的最大请求率。可以使用多个增量调整来调整最大请求率。可以以最大请求率将服务请求令牌添加到泄漏令牌桶中。

7. 发明授权

US08843441B1 System and method for maintaining a master replica for reads and writes in a data store 有权
标题翻译：用于维护用于在数据存储中读取和写入的主副本的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08843441B1
公开(公告)日：2014-09-23
申请号：US13352113
申请日：2012-01-17
申请人： Timothy Andrew Rath , David A. Lutz
发明人： Timothy Andrew Rath , David A. Lutz
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/00 , G06F15/16 , G06F17/30 , G06F12/00 , H04W84/20
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , G06F17/30194 , G06F17/30578 , G06F17/30584 , H04W84/20
摘要： A system that implements a data storage service may store data on behalf of clients in multiple replicas on respective computing nodes. The system may employ an external service to select a master replica for a replica group. The master replica may service consistent read operations and/or write operations that are directed to the replica group (or to a data partition stored by the replica group). The master replica may employ a quorum based mechanism for performing replicated write operations, and a local lease mechanism for determining the replica authorized to perform consistent reads, even when the external service is unavailable. The master replica may propagate local leases to replica group members as replicated writes. If another replica assumes mastership for the replica group, it may not begin servicing consistent read operations that are directed to the replica group until the lease period for a current local lease expires.
摘要翻译：实现数据存储服务的系统可以将代表客户端的数据存储在各个计算节点上的多个副本中。系统可以使用外部服务来为副本组选择主副本。主副本可以服务于针对副本组（或由副本组存储的数据分区）的一致的读取操作和/或写入操作。主副本可以采用基于仲裁的机制来执行复制的写操作，以及用于确定被授权执行一致读取的副本的本地租赁机制，即使当外部服务不可用时。主副本可以将本地租约作为复制的写入传播给副本组成员。如果另一个副本对于副本组承担主管权，那么在当前本地租赁的租赁期到期之前，它可能无法开始服务定向到副本组的一致的读取操作。

8. 发明授权

US08572091B1 System and method for partitioning and indexing table data using a composite primary key 有权
标题翻译：使用复合主键分区和索引表数据的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08572091B1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US13169990
申请日：2011-06-27
申请人： Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Stefano Stefani , Chiranjeeb Buragohain , Rande A. Blackman , Timothy Andrew Rath , Grant A. M. McAlister , Jakub Kulesza , Wei Xiao , Raymond S. Bradford
发明人： Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Stefano Stefani , Chiranjeeb Buragohain , Rande A. Blackman , Timothy Andrew Rath , Grant A. M. McAlister , Jakub Kulesza , Wei Xiao , Raymond S. Bradford
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/3033 , G06F17/30584 , G06F17/30628 , G06F17/30949 , Y10S707/968 , Y10S707/972
摘要： A system that implements a scaleable data storage service may maintain tables in a non-relational data store on behalf of service clients. Each table may include multiple items. Each item may include one or more attributes, each containing a name-value pair. The system may provide an API through which clients can query tables maintained by the service. Items may be partitioned and indexed in a table according to a simple or composite primary key contained in all items in the table. A composite primary key may include a hash key attribute, and a range key attribute. The range key attribute may be usable to order items having the same hash key attribute value, and to partition them dependent on a range of range key attribute values. A query request may specify a logical or mathematical expression dependent on range key attribute values and may be directed to multiple partitions.
摘要翻译：实现可扩展数据存储服务的系统可以代表服务客户端在非关系数据存储中维护表。每个表可以包括多个项目。每个项目可以包括一个或多个属性，每个属性包含名称 - 值对。该系统可以提供一种API，通过该API，客户端可以查询由服务维护的表。项目可以根据表中所有项目中包含的简单或复合主键在表中进行分区和索引。复合主键可以包括散列键属性和范围键属性。范围键属性可以用于对具有相同散列键属性值的项进行排序，并且根据范围键属性值的范围对它们进行分区。查询请求可以指定取决于范围键属性值的逻辑或数学表达式，并且可以被引导到多个分区。

9. 发明申请

US20120330954A1 System And Method For Implementing A Scalable Data Storage Service 有权
标题翻译：用于实现可扩展数据存储服务的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20120330954A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-27
申请号：US13170031
申请日：2011-06-27
申请人： Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Stefano Stefani , Chiranjeeb Buragohain , Rande A. Blackman , Timothy Andrew Rath , Raymond S. Bradford , Grant A.M. McAlister , Jakub Kulesza , James Hamilton , Luis Felipe Cabrera
发明人： Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Stefano Stefani , Chiranjeeb Buragohain , Rande A. Blackman , Timothy Andrew Rath , Raymond S. Bradford , Grant A.M. McAlister , Jakub Kulesza , James Hamilton , Luis Felipe Cabrera
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30584 , G06F9/5061 , G06F12/0848 , G06F17/30286 , G06F17/30289 , G06F17/30303 , G06F17/30306 , G06F17/30321 , G06F17/30339 , G06F17/3056 , H04L67/02 , H04L67/1097 , H04L67/2804 , Y10S707/968 , Y10S707/972
摘要： A system that implements a scalable data storage service may maintain tables in a non-relational data store on behalf of clients. The system may provide a Web services interface through which service requests are received, and an API usable to request that a table be created, deleted, or described; that an item be stored, retrieved, deleted, or its attributes modified; or that a table be queried (or scanned) with filtered items and/or their attributes returned. An asynchronous workflow may be invoked to create or delete a table. Items stored in tables may be partitioned and indexed using a simple or composite primary key. The system may not impose pre-defined limits on table size, and may employ a flexible schema. The service may provide a best-effort or committed throughput model. The system may automatically scale and/or re-partition tables in response to detecting workload changes, node failures, or other conditions or anomalies.
摘要翻译：实现可扩展数据存储服务的系统可以代表客户端在非关系数据存储中维护表。系统可以提供接收服务请求的Web服务接口，以及可用于请求创建，删除或描述表的API; 存储，检索，删除或修改其属性的项目; 或者查询（或扫描）已过滤的项目和/或返回的属性。可以调用异步工作流来创建或删除表。存储在表中的项目可以使用简单或复合主键进行分区和索引。系统可能不会对表大小强加预定义的限制，并且可以采用灵活的模式。该服务可以提供尽力而为或者承诺的吞吐量模型。响应于检测到工作负载变化，节点故障或其他条件或异常，系统可以自动缩放和/或重新分区表。

10. 发明授权

US09755985B1 Utilizing multiple algorithms in a distributed-service environment 有权
公开(公告)号：US09755985B1
公开(公告)日：2017-09-05
申请号：US12892527
申请日：2010-09-28
申请人： David A. Lutz , Stefano Stefani , Jakub Kulesza , Timothy Andrew Rath
发明人： David A. Lutz , Stefano Stefani , Jakub Kulesza , Timothy Andrew Rath
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , H04L12/863
CPC分类号： H04L47/6255
摘要： Techniques for producing a gentle reduction in throughput in a distributed service when a node of the service encounters a very large backlog of requests and/or when a previously offline node of the service is brought back online. These techniques may utilize multiple different algorithms to determine an amount of work that the distributed service is able to accept at any given time, rather than a single algorithm.

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